HANDBOUND
AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF
TORONTO PRESS
MEMORIALS' "/j A
OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
FROM
I
THE BEGINNING OF THE
REIGN OF CHARLES THE FIRST
TO THE
HAPPY RESTORATION
OF KING CHARLES THE SECOND.
BY
BULSTRODE WHITELOCK.
A NEW EDITION, IN FOUR VOLUMES.
VOL. III.
Quseque ipse miserrima vidi,
Et quorum raagna pars fui. VIRG. Mn. ii. 8.
OXFORD:
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
M.DCCC.LIII.
Dfi
4 DO
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53
MEMORIALS
OF
THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
DURING THE REIGN OF
KING CHARLES THE FIEST.
;. THE
26. 1 HE house sat not.
The council of the army agreed, for encouragement of Anno 1649.
those who shall engage for Ireland, that they shall have
three months advance of their pay and of their arrears, and if
they be slain, those to have it to whom they shall assign it ;
that a court of admiralty be in Ireland, &c. : these things to
be proposed to the house for their confirmation.
Letters from Ireland of Ormondes preparations for his Ireland,
forces ; that the Ulster Scots declared against the parliament,
and declined Monk ; that the parliament's army there are in
great want, and their interest in danger to be wholly lost in
that kingdom.
The heads of the articles of peace made by Ormond were, Irish peace.
1 . That the Roman catholics of Ireland have free exercise of reli-
gion,, all penalties to be taken off, not to be obliged to the oath of
supremacy, to enjoy church livings in their possession and jurisdic-
tion.
2. For a parliament, when the catholics shall desire it.
3. All laws made in England since 1641, in blemish of the catho-
lics, to be vacated.
4. All indictments against them since that time to be vacated.
3. That catholics may be elected, and vote in parliament.
6. Debts to remain as in 40.
7. The estates of freeholders in Connaught, &c. to be secured.
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. B
2 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
8. All incapacities of the natives to be taken away.
9 All honours, trusts, employments, &c., to be conferred on the
catholics as well as protestants.
10. That the king take 2oooZ. per annum for the court of wards.
11. Noblemen to have but two proxies in' parliament.
12. The depending of the parliament of Ireland upon England to
be as both shall agree, to stand with the laws of Ireland.
1 3 . That the council-table meddle only with state matters.
14. Act against transporting wool to be null.
15. Those wronged by grants to have relief.
1 6. Wronged persons to have right.
17. Restitution of estates.
1 8. An act of oblivion to pass.
19. Customs not to be farmed, and monopolies to be taken away.
20. The court of castle-chamber to be regulated.
2 1 . Acts forbidding ploughing with horses by the tail, and burn-
ing oats in the straw, to be nulled.
22. An act to take off grievances.
23. Maritime causes to be determined in Ireland.
24. No rents to be raised under pretence of defective titles.
25. Interest money to be forgiven from 1641.
26. All this to be acted till a parliament agree it.
27. That the catholic commissioners agree upon such as shall be
justices of peace, and hear all causes under lol.
28. All governors of forces to be by approbation of the catholic
commissioners.
29. None of the king's rents to be paid till a further settlement
by parliament.
30. Power of the commissioners of oyer and terminer.
3 1 . Differences in Ireland to be tried there, and not in England.
32. The Roman clergy not to be molested.
33. That his majesty grant whatever else is necessary for the ca-
tholics.
Prince Rupert was upon the Irish coast with sixteen ships ;
many vessels were taken by him.
A petition to the general and his general council of war,
from the well-affected inhabitants of Lincolnshire, much to
the same effect with others lately presented to him and to
the parliament, and which are beforementioned.
Cromwell. Two men measuring some ground in Windsor forest were
asked by what authority they did it ; they showed a kind of
warrant from lieutenant-general Cromwell, desiring all officers
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 3
of the forest, soldiers and others, to permit these men to set
out some land, &c., in regard there was no justice in eyre.
It were to be wished that such men as lieutenant-general
Cromwell would not so irregularly meddle with such matters
as these are. The men were forbidden to make any divisions
of the land or ditches about it till further order.
27. A declaration passed, that a book lately published, en- 3 92
titled, The second part of England's new chains discovered, Pamphlet,
contained matter false, scandalous, seditious, mutinous, and
tending to raise a new war ; that the authors and publishers
of it were guilty of treason, and referred to the council to
find them out.
Letters from major-general Lambert, with the articles of
the surrender of Pontefract-castle.
A letter and petition from the grand jury of Yorshire, ac- Yorkshire,
knowledging with humble thanks the justice of the parlia-
ment in their late proceedings, and engaging to join with
them, and desiring Pontefract-castle may be demolished, and
some other forts thereabouts.
Vote for 300^. per annum to be settled on major-general
Lambert out of Pontefract honour, for his good service.
The Lancashire forces submitted to disband, and quitted
Clithero-castle. Order for that castle to be demolished, and
that the council of state consider what other inland castles
are fit to be demolished.
Sir Henry Cholmly sent for upon complaints against him.
Instructions for the Scots commissioners to their new king
were,
1 . That he take the covenant. Scots in-
2. To put from him all who have assisted his father in the war, structions.
particularly Montrose, else not to treat with him.
3. To bring but one hundred with him into Scotland, and none
who have assisted his father in arms.
4. To bring- no forces into Scotland from other nations without
their consent.
The marquis of Huntley was beheaded at the cross in Huntley.
Edinburgh.
Letters from the Hague, that the queen of England in- Dutch,
vited prince Charles her son into France; that the States
inhibited their ministers from insisting upon matters of state
B 2
4 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
and in their pulpits, and particularly not to meddle with
England's or other kingdoms1 proceedings.
Ireland. 28. Upon a report from the council of state of the particu-
lars for encouragement of those who shall engage for Ireland
with lieutenant-general Cromwell, the house referred them
back again to the council to perfect.
Upon a report from them of the earl of Ormondes pro-
claiming the king in Ireland, &c., the house voted the earl a
traitor, and an act to be brought in to attaint him.
Order for a letter of thanks to colonel Jones, and a gra-
tuity.
Preachers. Order that no ministers shall teach in their pulpits any
thing relating to state affairs, but only to preach Christ in
sincerity ; and an act to be brought in for penalties to those
who shall do otherwise.
Orders for money given away.
A new day given to the lord mayor to conform to the
order for proclaiming the act against kingship, or to give an
account to the house why he hath not done it.
29. The house sat not.
The council of state upon examination of Lilburn, Wai win,
and others, who owned the book, called, England's new chains,
did commit them to the Tower.
Ministers. The estates of the Netherlands summoned and examined
their ministers, and disallowed what they had done in rela-
tion to king Charles II, and forbad them all to meddle with
state matters in their pulpits without leave of the magis-
trate.
Cromwell. The council of state perfected the particulars for encou-
ragement of those who shall engage for Ireland, and lieute-
nant-general Cromwell declared himself willing to undertake
that service.
30. Vote that Gresham college be not exempted from the
assessment to the army, nor the doctors in Doctors' Commons,
nor the counties in Wales formerly exempted.
Order that the speaker do sign such letters as shall be
thought fit by the council of state, to the states of Hamburgh,
touching merchants.
Southwark. Upon a petition of the borough of Southwark, of the in-
equality of their rates with the county of Surrey, the house
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 5
held their desires just, and ordered that in all future rates
they should pay the eighth part of that assessed upon the
county of Surrey.
Order for the committee of Goldsmiths'-hall to form the
votes concerning compositions of delinquents, and to have
them printed and published, that none may plead ignorance
of them.
Referred to the committee of the army to make provision
of four thousand cassocks and breeches, to be disposed of by
the general to his foot- soldiers, in regard of the smallness of
their pay.
Upon the report of alderman Atkins, that the lord mayor London,
desired to be excused from proclaiming the act for abolish-
ing kingly government, the house ordered that he be sum-
moned to attend at the bar to answer his contempt and dis-
obedience herein.
31. Upon a report from the council of state, that lieute- Cromwell,
nant-general Cromwell accepted of the service for Ireland, and
would endeavour to the utmost of his power, with God's as- >
sistance, to carry on that work against the rebels and all
that adhere to them ;
Voted, that the house doth approve of lieutenant-general
Cromwell to be commander-in-chief of all the forces sent into
Ireland.
And to take off any reflection upon the general, or dislike
by him, they also voted,
That the lord Fairfax be general of all the forces in Eng- Fairfax.
land and Ireland.
At the council of state we had variety of intelligence, some
good, but more bad.
We gave a despatch to colonel Potley to go for Denmark C. Potiey.
and Sweden, to send us from those parts intelligence, and we
gave him 2oo/. in hand, and promised him loo/, more for
one year's entertainment.
He married the daughter of my father's elder brother,
Richard Whitelocke, who lived most of his days in Germany
and Poland, and was in great favour with that king. A
young gentlewoman of a noble family in Prussia fell in love
with him, and married him : by her he had many children.
He was as fit as any man for this service, had lived long
O MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
in those countries a soldier, well known and esteemed by
the grandees, especially in Germany and in the court of
Sweden : I recommended him to this employment, which was
of great consequence to us.
The profits of my office did not amount to so much as I
was in a way of gaining by my profession, and the envy and
want of freedom in the place of a commissioner of the seal is
much more than as a practiser at law.
Yet by my denial of private applications and informations
in causes depending before me, I did something enlarge my
vacancy from trouble.
393 The charge of my living was increased by my office, and I
spent much more than I gained, to which the style of lords
commissioners, moved by Mr. Prideaux for the honour of the
place, gave an addition.
April 1649.
La. mayor 1 . The lord mayor of London, alderman Reynoldson, at-
of London. Bended the house at the bar, and being demanded why he
disobeyed the orders of parliament for proclaiming the act
against kingly government,
He pleaded scruple of conscience by his oath taken in the
exchequer, and that he conceived the business only proper
for the sheriff of the city.
After a long debate, the house voted, that the lord mayor,
for his contempt, should be fined 2000?. ; 500?. of it to the
poor of London, 500^. to Westminster, 500^. to Southwark,
and 500?. to the poor of the Tower Hamlets :
That he be committed prisoner to the Tower for two
months, and degraded of his mayoralty ; and that the com-
mon-council be required and authorized to elect a new mayor
with all speed.
Petitions. A petition of divers of London and Westminster in the
behalf of Lilburn, Walwin, Prince, and Overton, prisoners in
the Tower, setting forth,
That the freedom of the people is, that none ought to be pro-
ceeded against nor punished but by a known law, and before ordi-
nary judges; and the military power not to interpose but where the
civil power fails.
They pray favour for the prisoners,, and the union of the parlia-
ment party to be preserved.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 7
A petition, with this title :
To the right honourable the commons of England assembled in Anabap-
parliament. tists.
The humble petition and representation of several churches of
God in London, commonly, though falsely, called anabaptists.
They acknowledge the goodness of God to the parliament and
kingdom, disown any consent to the book called, The second part of
England's new chains discovered, justify their own principles, and
obedience to authority, and pray the parliament to make good laws
for the punishment of wickedness.
The house were satisfied with the disowning of the book,
and their expressions to live peaceably, and in submission to
the civil magistracy, which the speaker told them by direc-
tion of the house :
And that they and other Christians walking answerable to such
professions, the house did assure them of liberty and protection, so
far as God should enable them, in all things consistent with godli-
ness, honesty, and civil peace.
The house finding inconvenience by their late sitting the
last night, ordered to rise every day by one o'clock.
The votes of the house collected together touching ex-
cepted persons, and compositions of delinquents, were pub-
lished.
Letters from Scotland of the execution of the marquis ofMar(iuis
Huntley.
Huntley,
That a minister asking him a little before his execution,
whether he desired absolution from the sentence of excom-
munication which he lay under, he answered, he would have
nothing to do with him, nor with any that taught such he-
retical doctrine as he did, to speak to him.
In his speech to the people, the marquis told them, he was
sentenced to lose his life for obedience to his sacred sove-
reign, to which this ought to encourage all men, and not to
affright them ; and that they should for that cause stoop to
a scaffold, as if it were a theatre of honour in this world, as
indeed it was a heavenly ladder.
That he only craved in his behalf the prayers of those
among them that were of his opinion, without desiring the
prayers of others whose spirits perchance might be otherwise
inclined.
8 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
3. Debate of the act for sale of deans' and chapters' lands,
and for sale of fee-farm rents of the king's.
Act committed, prohibiting ministers to meddle with state
affairs, but to preach Jesus Christ.
Declaration Order for a declaration about matters of religion, and set-
of religion.
tlmg of the church :
That tithes shall not be taken away till another maintenance be
provided for the ministers, as large and as honourable as by tithes :
That as soon as such a way can be provided, tithes shall be then
taken off ; that the government to be established in England shall
be the presbyterian government :
That a way shall be provided for admission of all such churches
as tend to godliness, and to advance the kingdom of Jesus Christ,
to be free, without disturbances :
Alderman Alderman Atkins was chosen lord mayor in the place of
tkins. alderman Reynoldson, prisoner in the Tower, for the re-
mainder of the year.
Letters of divers vessels taken by the Irish pirates.
Upon the coming of major-general Lambert into Lanca-
shire, the two refractory regiments were disbanded.
The young lord Cromwell and colonel Werden and the
lord Fitz-herbert's son were brought in prisoners to Chester.
Letters from the Hague, that the earl of Brentford was
gone to Sweden to negotiate for assistance to prince Charles,
and for that purpose letters were sent to the emperor and
king of Spain.
That others advised the prince to go into Scotland, and
become the head of the covenanters, whom he might cast off
again as there should be occasion ; but Montrose was against
that, and that the sword was most honourable.
That Van Trump set out a declaration, and presented it to
the prince, to his great satisfaction, as to sea affairs.
The mayor and divers citizens of Oxford were framing a
petition to the parliament against some privileges claimed
and exercised by the university in wrong of the city.
4. A petition from the well-affected in Blackburn hundred
in Lancashire, mentioning their former assistance to the par-
liament, and the corrupt party in both houses, approving the
purging thereof, and taking away the prerogative house of
lords : their desires were to the same effect with those in other
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 9
petitions, complying with and approving all the late proceed-
ings concerning the king and house of lords, and secluded
members ; and they had the thanks of the house for their good
affections.
An act committed for prevention of the mischiefs by those
who buy up many heads of cattle, and most of the granaries
in the nation, to sell again at excessive rates.
Referred to a committee to draw the form of a new oath 3 94
to be given to the new lord mayor of London and his sue- New oath-
cessors, and the oath was presently drawn and assented to.
Referred to the council of state, to give such order as they
should think fit concerning the forces in Lancashire.
Debate of the acts for sale of deans' and chapters' lands ;
and voted, that all moneys due out of those lands for charitable
uses should be paid according to the intent of the donors.
The court martial sat upon the trial of major-general
Laugherne, colonel Poyer, and colonel Powel.
Colonel Morris, late governor of Pontefract-castle, and one
cornet Blackburn, who had a hand in the death of colonel
Raiusborough, and both except ed persons at the rendition of
the castle, were taken at Lancaster in disguises.
Letters from Hamburgh, that colonel Cockeram and his
servants there laid wait for the minister going to preach in
the English house, and attempted to murder him, but he
was rescued by the citizens.
We heard forty-five demurrers in the queen's court in the
afternoon.
5. I attended the house, when they commanded me and
my brother commissioner L'Isle to bring the great seal into
the house, to lie upon the table for the more solemnity, be-
cause the new elected lord mayor was to be presented this
day to the house for their approbation. We brought the seal
accordingly, and at the door of the house I took the purse
by one corner of it, L'Isle by the other, carried it up with
usual reverences, and laid it on the table. We were both of
us in our velvet gowns, the first time of our wearing of them.
The new lord mayor was according to order presented to Lei. mayor,
the house by their common sergeant Mr. Proby, who made
an indiscreet speech. The house ordered thanks to the alder-
men and common hall for their good choice, which they ap-
proved of, but not of the speech of Mr. Proby.
10 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Order to swear the lord mayor after the new oath.
An act committed touching compositions for delinquency
and sequestrations, and giving an appeal to the barons of the
exchequer, instead of the former appeal to the committee of
lords and commons for sequestrations.
Reference to the committee of the navy of a complaint of
the Spanish ambassador, and petition of parties interessed,
concerning an old business of the Spanish ship taken by sir
William Waller.
A committee appointed to receive complaints touching ab-
uses in the forest of Dean, and destruction of the timber.
Ships. 6. A report from the council of state for sending out some
ships speedily, and appointing commanders of them, was ap-
proved by the house, and referred back to the council to ex-
pedite the sending forth of those ships.
Vote, that the justices of peace in the several counties
shall be commissioners in the act of assessment of 90,000^.
per mensem for the forces ; and the act was passed, and or-
dered to be printed.
Order, that the lord mayor and justices of peace in London
do put in execution the statutes 5 Eliz. c. 4. and i Jac. c. 6.
for settling the wages of artificers, and for their better relief
in these dear times, and the like to be done by the justices
of peace in all counties.
Petition. A petition from divers well- affected in Oxfordshire, with
their desires, referred to a committee ; and a petition from
the city of Oxford, referred to the same committee : and the
petitioners had the thanks of the house.
Order for the rents allotted to the prince elector to be paid
unto him.
Order for Mr. Garland to bring in an act to remove all
malignant and disaffected magistrates, and that they may be
incapable of bearing any office in the commonwealth.
7. The act for the assessment of 9O,ooo/. per mensem for
the forces in England and Ireland passed, and ordered to be
printed.
A committee appointed to advise with the general and
officers of the army, how, upon the due payment of this
90,000^. per mensem, free quarter may be wholly taken off.
London. Order, that the four aldermen and the late lord mayor
Reynoldson, now prisoners, be disabled from being alder-
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 11
men, and the common-council to elect new aldermen in their
places.
Vote, that major-general Browne and sir John Clotworthy,
prisoners, be brought to trial.
Captain Mountain proclaimed king Charles II. in Moulton
in Yorkshire, and a parliamentman came into the town pre-
sently after, and did not question it.
9. The act passed touching compositions of delinquents.
Order for the committee of delinquents to bring in an act
for rules of an act of oblivion, and that the committee of the
army bring in an act for a committee and treasurers for the
moneys for the army.
Upon a report from the council of state,, lieutenant-general London.
Cromwell, sir Henry Vane, junior, alderman Wilson, and
others, were appointed to treat with the common-council of
London for the borrowing of 1 2O,oco/. for the service of Ire-
land, upon security of the assessment of 90,000^.
Vote, that Mr. Prideaux be attorney-general to the state,
and the commissioners of the seal to seal a patent to him for
the same.
Orders for money for disbanding the Lancashire forces.
A committee appointed to receive informations against Prisoners,
major-general Browne touching his engagement with the
Scots, and with the earl of Holland, &c., and against sir Wil-
liam Waller, sir John Clotworthy, and Copley, and other
prisoners.
Letters from Scotland, that they are in high discontents
and faction, and the prince expected to come and reconcile
them.
Letters from Newcastle of a ship of corn taken by the
Irish ; that the poor there are many of them ready to starve,
and the meaner sort not able longer to pay assessments, not
having bread to feed their families.
Eight ships of the Irish rebels taken by the parliament's
ships.
10. Debate of several acts for prohibiting ministers to
meddle with state affairs in their pulpits :
And for prohibiting the eating of flesh meat certain days
in the week for a time, and for abating prices of corn, and
to forbid the making of malt for a time :
12 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
And of a declaration of the parliament, of their resolution
to settle religion according to presbytery, and a full mainte-
nance to the ministers.
Great seal. Order, that the speaker, master of the rolls, the judges,
and masters of the chancery, should have a commission
under the great seal, to sit and hear causes in the rolls, in
absence of the lords commissioners of the great seal.
395 Orders for money for several forces.
The council of war found colonel Poyer guilty upon the
articles charged against him.
Upon a report that the twelve thousand English designed
for Ireland intended to march into Scotland, they went on
there to raise their defensive army of ten thousand.
London. Discontent in London about the unequal laying of the assess-
ment, the rich men being underrated and the poorer men
overrated.
11. A report from the council of state of several proposals,
agreed upon as to the forces that shall go for Ireland, was
Lilburn. confirmed by the house ; and the commitment of Lilburn and
his fellows by the council was approved by the house, and
ordered that they be tried by the common law, and Mr.
Attorney Prideaux to prosecute them in the upper bench.
A proclamation published by the general for the observation
of former orders for the army, and that no officer be absent
from his charge without leave, and to prevent misdemeanours
of the soldiers.
At the council of state, some discourses among them of
sending me ambassador extraordinary into Holland.
Against this I laboured, and urged the burden of the busi-
ness in chancery lying upon me, and (which gave most satis-
faction, and, as 1 believed, in this jealous age did prevent my
journey) I urged my lord Willoughby's being in those parts,
which, by reason of our relation, might with some men raise
a jealousy upon me.
They again urged the fitness of me for this employment,
my knowledge of the languages, and being one whom they
could trust, &c. ; but I insisted upon the former matters of
excuse, and so the business as to me went off.
12. Order for a writ to elect a new burgess for Carlisle, in
the place of Mr. Barwis, deceased.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 13
An ordinance committed to give power to the committee
of admiralty to proceed to sentence of death in criminal
causes.
Order for the committee to meet the common-council of
London this afternoon for borrowing 1 20,000?. for Ireland.
A long debate upon the act for sale of deans1 and chapters'
lands, and provisos in it, for allowances out of those lands to
itinerary ministers, and disposing their impropriations for
additional means to the ministry, recommitted.
An act for inventorying the late king's goods committed,
and a committee appointed to consider of the sale of his deer
and parks, reserving such as shall be needful for the state.
The common -council of London were willing to lend
1 2O,ooo/. for Ireland, but disliked the security proposed, and
the committees agreed to treat upon further security.
The council of war, after full hearing of the parties and Colonel
witnesses, passed sentence of death against colonel Powel Major-gen.
and major-general Laughern, as they had done upon colonel Laughern.
Poyer before, upon the two first articles of war :
That such as have intelligence with the enemy, or any communi-
cation with them, without direction from the genera], shall be pun-
ished as traitors and rebels ; and that none shall relieve the enemy
with money, victuals, ammunition, or harbour, or receive any of
them, upon pain of death.
The wife of major-general Laughern presented a petition
to the court martial, imploring their mercy to her husband,
and that this one unadvised act of his might not cause all his
former eminent services to be forgot, and the great loss of
her, and his children, and two sisters, by his death.
At Bristol were discovered three brass pieces of ordnance,
made up in fats, sent from London, and directed to the lord
Incriequin in Ireland.
In the evening the commissioners of the seal, the lord ge-
neral, the lieutenant-general Cromwell, the chief-justice Rolls,
the chief baron, and many gentlemen of the house, as a com-
mittee of parliament, went to the common -council of London
to borrow of them 120,000^. for Ireland.
The common-council gave them a fair and hopeful answer
by their recorder.
13. Upon a report from the committee of yesterday's London,
transactions with the common-council, and their forwardness
14 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
and desire in that business, a committee was appointed to
treat with a committee of common-council, concerning the
advance of the iao,ooo/. for Ireland, and to give them the
thanks of the house for their willingness to promote this
business.
Order for moneys for the garrisons of Berwick and Carlisle,
to be disposed as the governor of Newcastle shall direct.
An act committed for appointing treasurers for the 9O,ooo/.
assessment, no member of the army to be of this committee.
Hague. Letters from the Hague, that the prince elector arrived
there, was slighted by the king of Scotland and his court ;
that the States appointed a council to assist the king to treat
Ministers, with the Scots commissioners, and commanded all their min-
isters to pray for no kings or princes but those under whose
government they are.
Letters from Exeter, that the mayor and justices there
refuse to execute their office, and to punish any offenders,
persuaded to it by the ministers, who also inveigh against
those that open the floodgate of wickedness.
Privilege, 1 4. Order, that upon anysuit commenced against any member
of parliament, the commissioners of the seal and the judges
shall certify such members thereof, respectively, and if after
such notice they shall refuse to answer or plead, according to
the usual proceedings of law,
That then the commissioners of the seal and the judges
shall award such process against their persons and estates as
according to law is meet ; and such members to have no more
privilege in person or estate than any other commoner.
Justices of Referred to the commissioners of the seal, and to the judges
in their circuits, to receive complaints against any disaffected
justices of peace, and upon proof of the charges against them,
to remove them from being justices of peace, as they shall
see cause, and to put other well-affected persons into com-
mission in their stead.
Ministers. A committee appointed to receive informations and com-
plaints against such ministers as in their pulpits vilify and
asperse the authority and late proceedings of parliament, and
to proceed against such ministers according to justice.
New stamp. Referred to the council of state to consider of a stamp for
Guinea. ^ gQ^ new}v brought from Guinea, and for the advantage of
the state and encouragement of the merchants ;
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 15
And to consider how the statutes against transportation of
gold and silver may be strictly put in execution, and how the
melting of coin here, and selling of silver for beyond seas, 396
may be prevented.
An act committed, for appointing of commissioners and
treasurers for prize goods, and disposing of all prohibited
commodities, for the advantage of the state, and for putting
all statutes concerning the same into execution.
Referred to the council of state, a proposition of colonel
Temple, to stop the transportation of bullion and all pro-
hibited commodities.
Order, that the lords commissioners of the great seal be
required to give in the names of such persons as they con-
ceive will be fit for judges, to supply the places that are
vacant.
16. Upon the death of sir Francis Pile, knight of the shire Earl of
for Berks, a writ issued out for a new election, and the sheriff f*?0^*0*
knight of
returned the earl of Pembroke with all his titles, to be chosen the shire.
knight of the shire for Berks, primes impressionis : the house
approved of the election, and admitted the earl a member of
the house of commons, and his lordship, attended by many
eminent members, was received into the house with great
respect.
Referred to a committee to examine and consider the impo-
sitions laid upon corn and coals, and the engrossing of corn ;
the earl of Pembroke named of this committee.
Oxford petition referred to the committee for regulating Petitions,
the university of Oxford.
Order that none go beyond seas without license, and an
engagement to act nothing against the commonwealth.
A petition from colonel Poyer for mercy.
A petition of ten thousand well-affected persons, of London, Lilburn.
Westminster, South wark, and the hamlets, in the behalf of
Lilburn, Walwyn, Prince, and Overton,
Complaining of the illegal proceedings against them, by power of
soldiers, and undue examinations of them, &c. ; and prayeth their en-
largement from prison, and that for the future no person may be cen-
sured, condemned, or molested,, concerning life, limb, liberty, or estate,
but for the breach of some law first made and published,, and that the
trials of all such causes may be left to subordinate magistrates and
ordinary proper courts of justice :
16 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That the execution of civil affairs may be wholly freed from the
interposition of the sword ; and that martial law during the times of
peace, when all courts are open, may not be exercised upon the
persons of any, according to Magna Charta and the petition of
right.
Nothing done upon these petitions.
Pool. The inhabitants of Pool subscribed an engagement to adhere
to and assist their governor by authority of the parliament
or the general, and to discover all plots to the prejudice of
the parliament.
Letters from Scotland, that they are raising forces to the
number of fifteen thousand horse and foot.
Letters from Dublin, that the Scots in Ulster are again on
foot with the covenant and a declaration against the army in
England, which they call the sectarian army that murdered the
king; that they have taken in some towns there.
That Dublin expected to be besieged by Ormond.
Prince Ru- That eight of prince Rupert's ships went to Scilly, and he
with sixteen more went to block up the road of Dublin.
Ireland. 17. Letters reported by the council of state that the Scots
in Ulster had declared for king Charles II, had taken several
places, and were set down before Londonderry :
That they demanded the delivery of the town for the use
of the king, and the governor, sir Charles Coot, to depart the
kingdom :
That Ormond with a party was (Some within thirty miles
of Dublin. The house referred it back to the council of state
to take speedy care hereof.
An act passed for the judges of the admiralty, and for
judging of prizes at sea, and for encouragement of seamen.
An act passed for appointing the lord mayor Andrews, sir
John Woolaston, alderman Dethick, and Mr. Allen, to be
treasurers for the 90,000^. per mensem assessment.
Tithes. Debates about taking away of tithes, and settling a suffi-
cient maintenance for the ministry another way, as, by an
assessment of lid. per pound upon lands, by deans' and
chapters' lands, impropriations, &c.
Order for io,ooo/. for Ireland out of the Welch com-
positions.
London. Order to send to the city to summon all the companies
to meet and consider their own interest about Londonderry,
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX.
17
to hasten the advance of the moneys for Ireland, and about
sending a message to the Scots, to withdraw their siege from
Londonderry.
The council of state had intelligence of new Levellers at Levellers.
St.Margaret's-hill, nearCobham in Surrey, and at St. George V
hill, and that they digged the ground, and sowed it with roots
and beans; one Everard, once of the army, and who terms
himself a prophet, is the chief of them ; and they were about
thirty men, and said that they should be shortly four thou-
sand.
They invited all to come in and help them, and promised
them meat, drink, and clothes ; they threaten to pull down
park pales, and to lay all open ; and threaten the neighbours
that they will shortly make them all come up to the hills and
work.
The general sent two troops of horse to have an account of
them.
18. Another petition on behalf of Lilburn, &c., to the like Lilbum.
effect with the former, which had a quick answer from the
house, and that the prisoners should be proceeded against
according to laws in force before their crimes committed.
Debate upon the act for sale of deans' and chapters1 lands,
and several votes passed for allowances to ministers and
scholars out of the revenues of those lands to the value of
above 20,000^. per annum.
And for the arrears of the soldiers to be charged upon the
parks and lands belonging to the crown; and left to the
lord general and council of the army to propound six persons,
to be approved by the house, to join with others whom the
house will name, as trustees for disposal of those parks and
lands for that use ; and the attorney-general ordered to bring
in a bill for this purpose.
Upon the petition of the lady Capel, referred to the com- LadyCapei.
mittee of complaints to examine it, and in the mean time
ordered that the sequestrators do forbear to cut down any
more woods or timber upon the lady CapeFs lands.
Upon a charge in a petition against Mr. Edward Vaughan,
a member of the house, he was ordered to attend and answer
it.
Letters from sir Charles Coot, of his being straitly besieged Ireland.
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. C
18
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Poor
debtors.
Levellers.
in Londonderry, and that without speedy relief he must be
forced to surrender.
397 Ormond sent a second and more peremptory summons to
colonel Jones at Dublin.
Letters from the Hague, that since the news of Cromwell's
engaging for Ireland the prince hath no mind to go thither.
19. A solemn fast kept by the commons, the lord general,
and officers of the army.
20. Several members of the house appointed to go to the
ministers that preached yesterday, and to give them the
thanks of the house.
Fast-days. Order for the third of May next to be a general fast-day ;
and a committee appointed to bring in an act for dissolving
the former ordinance for a monthly fast, and to enjoin the
observance of such fast-days as from time to time shall be
appointed by parliament.
An act recommitted for discharging poor prisoners who are
no{. a^je ^Q ^^ their debts, and to compel such as are able
to pay, and the committee to confer with the judges.
Everard and Winstanley, the chief of those that digged at
St. George's-hill in Surrey, came to the general, and made a
large declaration to justify their proceedings :
Everard said, he was of the race of the Jews ; that all the liber-
ties of the people were lost by the coming in of William the Con-
queror, and that ever since, the people of God had lived under ty-
ranny and oppression worse than that of our forefathers under the
Egyptians.
But now the time of the deliverance was at hand, and God would
bring his people out of this slavery, and restore them to their free-
dom, in enjoying the fruits and benefits of the earth.
And that there had lately appeared to him a vision, which bade him
arise, and dig and plough the earth, and receive the fruits thereof; that
their intent is, to restore the creation to its former condition.
That as God had promised to make the barren land fruitful, so
now what they did was to renew the ancient community of enjoying
the fruits of the earth, and to distribute the benefit thereof to the
poor and needy, and to feed the hungry_and clothe the naked.
That they intend not to meddle with any man's property, nor to
break down any pales or enclosures ; but only to meddle with what
was common and untilled, and to make it fruitful for the use of
man ; that the time will suddenly be, that all men shall willingly
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 19
come in, and give up their lands and estates, and submit to this
community.
And for those that will come in and work, they should have
meat, drink, and clothes, which is all that is necessary to the life of
man; and that for money, there was not any need of it, nor of
clothes, more than to cover nakedness.
That they will not defend themselves by arms, but will submit
unto authority, and wait till the promised opportunity be offered,
which they conceive to be at hand. And that as their forefathers
lived in tents, so it would be suitable to their condition now to live
in the same : with more to the like effect.
While they were before the general, they stood with their
hats on, and being demanded the reason thereof, they said,
because he was but their fellow-creature; being asked the C
meaning of that place, Give honour to whom honour is due,
they said, their mouths should be stopped that gave them
that offence.
I have set down this the more largely, because it was the
beginning of the appearance of this opinion, and that we
might the better understand and avoid these weak per-
suasions.
The council of the army, after a solemn seeking of God by Lots for
prayer, cast lots which regiments of the old army should go r<
for Ireland: there were fourteen regiments of horse and
fourteen of foot of the established army which came to the lot.
And it being resolved that four regiments of horse and
four of foot should go upon the service, ten blanks and four
papers with Ireland writ in them were put into a hat, and,
being all shuffled together, were drawn out by a child, who
gave to an officer of each regiment in the lot the lot of that
regiment ; and being in this impartial and inoffensive way, no
regiment could take exceptions at it.
The regiments whose lot it fell to go were, of horse, Ire-
ton's, Scroope's, Horton's, and Lambert's ; of foot, Ewer's,
Cook's, Hewson's, and Dean's. Several troops of dragoons,
and all the officers whose regiments were to go, expressed
much forwardness.
Letters from the Hague, that the Swedish ambassador King of
there saluted the king of Scotland, and condoled the death cots'
of his father ; and that he and the Danish ambassador in-
c 2
20 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
vited the States to join with them in assisting the king of
Scots to gain his birthright.
21. Moneys charged upon the excise ordered to be taken
off from that receipt, and charged upon deans' and chapters'
lands.
Speaker. Order, that the speaker be authorized from time to time
to sign such letters as should be agreed on by the council of
state to be sent to the States of the United Provinces.
Laughern, The general sent an order for major-general Laughern,
Po'er'cast c°l°nel Poyer, and colonel Powel, to draw lots which of them
lots for life, should die, the other two to be spared their lives. In two of
the lots was written, Life given by God; the third lot was a
blank ; the prisoners were not willing to draw their own des-
tiny, but a child drew the lots and gave them, and the lot
fell to colonel Poyer to die.
We sat in chancery by seven o'clock in the morning, and
heard many motions, because two of the motion days in this
term were disappointed by the fast-days. After the motions
we heard eleven causes ; then we rose.
23. An act recommitted for setting the poor people to
work, and punishing vagrants.
The act for punishing criminal matters by the court of
admiralty passed.
The act passed for repealing the former act for observation
of a monthly fast, and requiring such to be kept as fast-days
which should be appointed by special order of parliament.
License given for the French ambassador to transport
eight horses and eight mares custom free.
The amendments passed to the act for sale of deans' and
chapters' lands, and Rowland Wilson, esq. was voted one of
the trustees.
Du Moulin. Vote for i oo/. per annum for Monsieur du Moulin out of
the 2O,oooZ. per annum for augmentation to ministers.
Petition Some hundreds of women attended the house with a peti-
for Lilburn. tion on the behalf of Lilburn and the rest ; it was reproach-
ful, and almost scolding, and much to the same effect with
former petitions for them.
An act passed to authorize the court of admiralty to pro-
ceed to sentence in divers causes, notwithstanding prohibi-
tions to the contrary.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 21
Colonel Popham, one of the admirals, was out at sea with Navy.
one squadron of ships ; colonel Blake and colonel Dean, the
other two admirals, were with another squadron in the
Downs.
A petition to the general and officers of the army for poor 398
prisoners for debt to be released.
A Flemish ship bound for Ireland was taken, with sixty
field officers, and one hundred other officers, cavaliers.
Letters from Scotland, that the levies of soldiers there go Scotland.
on apace ; that divers new insurrections were in that king-
dom ; that their new king was unwilling to put away Mont-
rose from him.
The council of state wrote to major-general Ashton to dis-
band captain Bamber's troop by force, and to secure the of-
ficers of it, because they had disobeyed the orders of the
council, and taken free quarter.
24. Upon a petition from Kendal, referred to the council
of state to consider of convoys for merchants' ships, and to
send to Hamburgh and other parts for corn to be imported.
A petition from colonel Foyer's wife for sparing her hus- Petition,
band's life laid aside.
The women were again at the house with a petition in the Lilburn.
behalf of Lilburn and the rest, but could not get it received.
Orders for six commissioners of the customs, and about
other officers of the customs.
The king put off his answer to the Scots commissioners The king
with him at the Hague, telling them he was to receive the of Scots>
sacrament, keep a day of humiliation, and entertain several
foreign ambassadors, and until these things were over he
desired to be excused.
The prince elector gave the king a visit, had a chair set for Prince
him, was desired to put on his hat, and parted friendly from e (
the king; who sent the lord treasurer Cottington and the
lord keeper, in his name, afterwards, to give the prince elector
a visit.
25. Upon a letter from the earl of Northumberland, the King's
house voted, that the lady Elizabeth, one of the late king's children-
children, should not have leave to go beyond seas :
That the king's children should not be put under the
tuition of any member of parliament :
That sir Edward Harrington should be intrusted with
22 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
them; that 3000^. per annum be allowed to him for their
maintenance.
The forms of the new coin were argeed on by the house to
be thus :
New coin. On the one side to be the arms of England, and a laurel,
and a palm on each side, with this inscription about it, The
Commonwealth of England;
On the other side of the coin to be the arms of England
and Ireland, with this inscription, God with us.
Order, that the attorney-general bring in indentures and
an act for establishing this form of coin.
Women The women petitioners again attended at the door of the
iliburn f°r h°use f°r an answer to their petition concerning Lilburn and
the rest. The house sent them this answer by the sergeant :
Answer. That the matter they petitioned about was of an higher
concernment than they understood ; that the house gave an
answer to their husbands, and therefore desired them to go
home, and look after their own business, and meddle with
their housewifery.
Order for a bill to settle the 2o,ooo/. for augmentation to
ministers, &c.
Poyer. Colonel Poyer was shot to death in Covent-Grarden, and
died very penitently.
Actofobli- 26. Upon a report from the council of state, that they
Vlon' thought, for settling the peace of the nation, that there should
Vote. be an act of oblivion, the house ordered one to be drawn up,
and voted,
That the time be set in the act of oblivion, from which no
action or suit shall be commenced or prosecuted for any
thing said or done in the time of war, shall be before the
first day of this term.
Order, that such as shall discover any moneys raised to be
employed against the parliament, should have the sixth part
of what they should discover, and the remainder to be em-
ployed for the service of Ireland in this expedition.
Henry Order, that the committee of the revenue do speedily pay
m* to colonel Henry Martin, a member of the house, 3000^.,
which sum he had formerly advanced for the service of this
nation.
Order touching the arrears of the duchy of Lancaster.
Referred in a special manner to the commissioners of the
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 23
seal to relieve, according to equity and justice, such persons
as have lain under the power of the enemy, and have been
thereby disabled to pay their debts, yet are sued at law, and
liable to great penalties.
Referred to the council of state to receive from two gentle- A project
men a proposition made by them for the great advance of ^ ea
learning and arts, and to treat with the gentlemen there-
upon, and report their opinions to the house.
Orders touching the officers of the customs.
Order for the barons of the exchequer and the committee
of the revenue to consult together how the arrears due by
papists may be collected, and that the arrears of fee-farm
rents be speedily paid.
Order for the speaker to sign letters from time to time Speaker,
tendered to him by the committee of the army.
Five troopers condemned to die by the council of war for Mutiny,
a mutiny at the Bull in Bishopsgate- street, refusing to march
upon their colonel's orders, and violently fetching away the
colours from the cornet's quarters.
Upon their humble petition, the general pardoned them ;
but another, one Lockier, was executed.
The Levellers were driven away from St. George's-hill in
Surrey by the country people.
27. Debate of the act for sale of deans' and chapters'
lands.
Order for the committee to meet touching colonel Pop-
ham's arrears.
Sir Edward Harrington desired to be excused from taking King's
the charge of the king's children. chudren-
Order for 13007. for Plymouth garrison.
Mr. Andrews readmitted a member.
28. The house spent the whole day about perfecting the
act for sale of deans' and chapters' lands.
30. The act passed for sale of deans' and chapters' lands,
and ordered to be printed.
An act passed giving power to the commissioners to ad-
minister an oath agreed upon in some cases of the customs.
Letters from Lancashire of their want of bread, so that
many families were starved ; that there were many soldiers
quartered, pretending for Ireland, show no commission, yet
24 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
make assessments for 14$. a week for a horseman, and seize
goods for default, and free quarter, and give the seed-corn to
their horses.
Referred to the council of state, and by them to the ge-
neral, to reduce those in Lancashire.
An act passed for justices of peace for the county palatine
of Lancashire as for other counties.
399 By order of the house, the speaker sent letters to the com-
missioners in the several counties for the speedy collecting
the assessment of 90,000^. per mensem for the forces in
England and Ireland.
Some who counterfeited the pass of the council, and by pre-
tence thereof got money in Suffolk, (which they said was for
the relief of Ireland,) were committed to Peter-house.
Order of the general, that no regiment that is to stay in
England do entertain any of the forces designed for Ireland.
Mr. Loc- Mr. Lockier, a trooper, who was shot to death by sentence
of the court martial, was buried in this manner :
Funeral. About one thousand went before the corpse, and five or six
in a file, the corpse was then brought, with six trumpets
sounding a soldier's knell, then the trooper's horse came
clothed all over in mourning, and led by a footman.
The corpse was adorned with bundles of rosemary, one half
stained in blood, and the sword of the deceased with them.
Some thousands followed in ranks and files ; all had sea-
green and black ribbon tied on their hats and to their breasts ;
and the women brought up the rear.
At the new churchyard in Westminster some thousands
more of the better sort met them, who thought not fit to
march through the city. Many looked upon this funeral as
an affront to the parliament and army ; others called them
Levellers ; but they took no notice of any of them.
Ireland. Letters from Ireland, that colonel TothilTs regiment of one
thousand two hundred and fifty was not landed, but beaten
back by tempest to Anglesey :
That Londonderry could not hold out the siege; that
colonel Monk stood off, and did nothing, being (as he said)
not in capacity.
Famine. Letters from Newcastle, that many in Cumberland and
Westmorland died in the highways for want of bread, and
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 25
divers left their habitations, travelling with their wives and
children to other parts to get relief, but could have none.
That the committees and justices of the peace of Cumber-
land signed a certificate, that there were thirty thousand
families that had neither seed nor bread-corn, nor money to
buy either, and they desired a collection for them, which was
made, but much too little to relieve so great a multitude.
Letters from Berwick, that the Scots troubles increase, that Scots.
there are among them five for the king for one against him ;
that they are incensed at the death of the duke of Hamilton
and marquis of Huntly, and expect an agreement with the
king; that they take divers English cavaliers into the army.
May 1649.
1. Debate of an act to make many things treason in re-
lation to the commonwealth ;
As, maliciously to affirm the present government to be tyrannical, Treasons,
usurped, or unlawful; or that the commons in parliament are not
the supreme authority ; or to endeavour to alter the government.
Or to affirm the parliament or council of state to be tyrannical
or unlawful, or to endeavour to subvert them, or stir up sedition
against them.
Or for soldiers to contrive the death of their general or lieutenant-
general, or others to endeavour to raise moneys, or war against the
parliament, or to join to invade England or Ireland, to counterfeit
the great seal, or to kill any member of parliament or judge in their
duty.
An act committed for settling the republic.
Letters from admiral Popham from Falmouth, that he
fought with a squadron of prince Rupert's ships, took the
Guinea frigate, which had thirty-four guns, and two other
vessels.
Letters from Ireland, that Dublin was in great danger,
and that Ormond had totally routed two regiments of the
parliament party.
Letters from Bristol, that the Levellers were very active in Levellers,
those parts, and took much with the people.
Lilburn, Walwyn, Prince, and Overton published their Form of
agreement of the people to this effect : men™"
i . The supreme authority of this nation to be a representative of
four hundred.
26 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
2. That two hundred be an house, and the major voice concluding
to the nation.
3. All public officers to be capable of subjection, those of salary
not to be members.
4. No members of one representative to be chosen of the next.
5. This parliament to end the first Wednesday in August, 1649.
6. If this omit to order it, that the people proceed to elections.
7. A new representative to be the next day after this is dissolved.
8. The next and future parliaments, each to stand for one whole
year.
9. The power to be without consent of any.
i o. They not to make laws to compel in matters of religion,
n. None to be compelled to fight by sea or land against his
conscience.
12. None to be questioned concerning the wars, but in pursuance
to authority.
13. All privileges of any person from courts of justice to be null.
14. Not to give judgment against any, where no law was pro-
vided before.
15. Not to depend longer upon the uncertain inclination of par-
liament.
1 6. None to be punished for refusing to answer against them-
selves.
17. No appeal after six months after the end of representatives.
1 8. None to be exempted for beyond sea trade where others are
free.
19. No excise or custom to be above four months after next par-
liament.
20. Men's persons not to be imprisoned for debt, nor their estates
free.
21. Men's lives not to be taken away but for murder, or the like.
22. Men upon trials for life, liberty, &c., to have witnesses heard.
23. Tithes not to continue longer than the next representative.
24. Every parish to choose their own minister, and to force none
to pay.
25. Conviction for life, liberty, &c., to be by twelve neighbours
sworn.
26. None to be exempted from offices for his religion only.
27. The people in all counties to choose all their public officers.
28. Future representatives to justify all debts, arrears, &c.
400 29- No forces to be raised but by the representatives in being.
30. This agreement not to be nulled, no estates levelled, nor all
things common.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX, 27
Montrose was sent ambassador into Spain, to declare theAmbassa-
king's sad condition, the executing of his father, and keeping or*
him from his birthright : the like to be to France, Denmark,
and Sweden.
2. Several petitions presented from London in behalf of Petitions.
Lilburn and the rest ; from Essex, for the same ; from Cam-
bridgeshire, about sea breaches ; from London, for payment
of public faith money; another, for relief of such as have been
sentenced for adhering to the parliament ; another, in behalf
of the commons of Lincolnshire.
Another petition from Suffolk to the like effect with for-
mer petitions for taking away tithes, &c., and for liberty of
conscience : the petitioners had thanks for their former good
services and present civil petitioning.
3. The public fast-day.
One Elliot, a person towards the law, and others, engaged
the soldiers in the execution of civil process : the general de-
clared his dislike thereof in a letter to the lord chief justice,
and prayed his care to punish it.
One Dod committed to the marshal, to be tried by a coun-
cil of war, for pretending a commission from the officers of
the army to collect arrears due for spiritual livings, and there-
by got great sums into his hands.
Also two more for counterfeiting the general's hand and
seal to protections, for which they received money.
4. Referred to a committee to regulate the university of
Cambridge.
Upon a report from the council of state, ordered that the
Guinea frigate lately taken be victualled, manned, and set
out to sea.
Referred to the committee of the admiralty to consider of
the articles given to the captain and seamen upon the taking
of that frigate, and whether they may be proceeded against
or not; and touching the Irish mariners, and the English
that revolted.
Referred to the council of state to consider how the mariners
and others, detained prisoners in Scilly and Jersey, may be re-
lieved and discharged ; the like upon the petition of mariners'
wives.
The committee ordered to consider of the indirect dealings
28 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
in the sale of bishops' lands and removing obstructions
therein.
An act for discharge of delinquents in Essex who have
compounded.
An act passed for settling the rectory and glebe-lands of
Burford upon a member.
5. Order for the Isle of Anglesey to have the like benefit
for compounding as South Wales had.
Order for lieutenant-colonel Throckmorton to have a con-
cealed estate, discovered by him, towards his arrears, he prov-
ing it to belong to a delinquent.
The lord Howard chosen and admitted to be burgess for
Carlisle.
Order for the speaker to give passes to those who by the
articles of Pontefract were to go beyond sea.
Petition for payment of public faith money.
Order for the accounts of a member to be stated, and his
arrears paid out of such concealed delinquents' estates as he
should discover.
Referred to a committee to consider of the petitions and
grievances of all who have not articles upon rendition of gar-
risons performed to them.
Order for money for the forces in England and Ireland, and
for the navy, to be issued out by warrants of the council of state.
Two troopers rid the wooden horse by sentence of the
court marshal.
7, Order to discharge from sequestrations the lady Capel's
jointure.
Orders for the arrears of colonel Rich.
Mr. Francis Pierepoint satisfied the committee, and was re-
admitted to sit in the house.
Order that the speaker sign letters to foreign ministers,
with a copy of the act for seizing all ships that have prince
Charles's commission.
Order that the engagements for the navy may be doubled
upon deans' and chapters1 lands.
Referred to a committee to consider how the town of Liver-
pool may be relieved for losses.
Upon their petitions, orders for pardon and enlargement of
the lord Goring, and colonel Owen, Laughern, and Powel.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 29
Letters from Berwick, that things in Scotland were bad,
that the people increase in discontent and affection to the
royal party.
The private soldiers of colonel Scroope's regiment of horse
published their resolutions not to go for Ireland till the en-
gagements of the parliament were performed here.
8. Voted not to continue the allowance of 1 2,ooo/. per an-
num to the queen of Bohemia, and that the committee of the
revenue make a list for the house of all pensions, and suspend
the payment of them.
The question whether the council of state should pay
1500^. to the earl of Rutland, for demolishing Belvoir-castle,
passed in the negative.
Order for the commissioners of the seal to send a writ to
the lord mayor to cause to be proclaimed the act touching
prize ships and goods.
Ireton's regiment were in disorder upon letters from colonel
Scroope's regiment to join in their resolution not to go for
Ireland, the like of colonel Reynolds' s regiment, and some
other troops designed for Ireland, and they appointed a gene-
ral rendezvous without their officers.
Letters from Dublin, that colonel Jones sent out a party
under major Cadogow to surprise Tecroghan, which was
hindered by the failure of Kildare men, but Cadogow fired
above two hundred houses in the town, and a great number
were killed and burnt, orders being to kill all but women and
children : the rest fled into the castle.
Of Cadogow's men, not one officer killed, only three private
soldiers killed and three hurt; and in his return, with two
hundred foot and twenty horse, he fell upon a party of the
rebels, with his twenty horse only, disordered them, killed
fifty, and took thirty prisoners.
Some towns were delivered to the rebels by treachery, and
sold for money by captain White and others.
That Ormond was advanced within twenty- seven miles of
Dublin ; that by reason of the great spoil in the countries,
corn was with them at 8/. ics. the barrel, and many died in
the highways and streets for want of food.
9. An additional act passed concerning sequestrations in
case of appeals.
30 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
The business of the great level of the fens referred to a
committee.
Order for payment of money into Weavers' -hall, for satis-
faction of money lent upon the public faith.
401 Letters from the generals at sea of several ships taken by
them.
Several paroles granted for exchange of prisoners in Scilly
and Guernsey.
Letters from Edinburgh: that the committee of estates
sent to their commissioners in Holland that they adhere to
their instructions, particularly for removal of evil councillors
from the king.
An order of the general for raising soldiers in Ireland, and
for their march and civil carriage.
Dr. Doris- Letters from the Hague, that twelve English cavaliers in
laua. disguise came into a room where Dr. Dorislaus, who was a
public minister there for the parliament, was with others at
supper, that they murdered him by stabbing him in several
places, and cut his throat, and one of them said, Thus dies
one of the king's judges.
That the States declared that they would not assist either
side in the difference between the prince of Wales and the
present power in England.
Captain Cook with his troop forcibly disbanded captain
Bamber's troop, and secured the officers ; the country beat
out some other troops who refused to disband.
Letters from the Hague, that the king of Scots remon-
strated to the Scots commissioners the reasons why he could
not comply with their demands, being so very high.
10. Order for an account to be given to the house,
why the act against kingship was not proclaimed in the
city.
An act passed for altering the original seals of Denbigh
and Montgomery shires.
An act passed for altering the Nisi-prius seal of the upper
bench.
Order touching the mint-master.
Referred to a committee to consider of reforming the abuses
in the Marshal's court.
Order for money for lieutenant-colonel Beecher.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 31
An act passed for altering the seal for the borough of
Southwark.
Order for the moiety of discoveries of delinquents' estates
in Dorsetshire by the Irish officers to go to them.
Captain Smith's troop in Oxfordshire met with other troops Levellers.
of the Levellers at B anbury, and there posted up their decla-
ration,
i. Against the present parliament and their proceedings.
a. Against the council of state.
3. Against the council of the army.
4. Against the proceedings of the late high court of justice.
Captain Tomson was a principal ringleader of these men ;
he had been formerly condemned by a council of war, but
by the mercy of the general was spared ; now he marched
up and down about two hundred horse, and declared to join
with those of colonel Scroope's, colonel Harrison's, and major-
general Skippon's regiments in their declaration and resolu-
tion.
He published a declaration of his own in print, entitled,
England's standard advanced, or a declaration from Mr. Wil-
liam Tomson, and the oppressed people of this nation now under
his conduct in Oxfordshire, for a new parliament by the agree-
ment of the people.
I stayed at home in the morning, and the two chief-jus-
tices, the attorney-general and sergeant Thorp, came with
my brother commissioner LTIsle to my chamber, and in my
study we perused two bills, one concerning the settlement,
and the other to declare what shall be treason.
11. The house declared that Tomson and all that adhered
to him, or bear arms without authority of parliament, are
rebels, and ordered a proclamation to this purpose through-
out the nation, and a letter to the general to suppress them ;
and directions to major-general Skippon to suppress all tu-
mults and insurrections, and to preserve the peace of the city,
and secure the parliament, as he shall receive orders from
them or the council of state. And that the militias of West-
minster, Southwark, and the Hamlets take course for se-
curity of the suburbs from all tumults and insurrections.
Order that the postmaster taken by Tomson, and dis-
charged upon his parole, should not render himself again to
Tomson.
32 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
1 Eeferred to the council of state to take order for security
of the parliament and city, and that the soldiers of the army
join with those of the city herein.
Debate of setting a period to this parliament, and for
electing a new and equal representative, and ordered to be
debated again in a grand committee.
An act committed declaring that the people of this nation
are a free state and commonwealth.
Mr. Henry Darley readmitted to sit in the house, having
satisfied the committee touching his absence.
Some of colonel Scroope's regiment came in to the gene-
ral, and several other troops sent to him that they would
assist him in reducing the revolters.
12. Voted that Lilburn, Walwyn, Prince, and Overton
should be restrained as close prisoners apart, and severally,
the one from the other, in several rooms, and not to resort
and consult together, and that they should have no allowance
from the state during their confinement.
An act passed for taking off free quarter.
Letters that colonel Reynolds commanded a party of about
Levellers, sixty horse to fall into the Levellers' quarters at Banbury,
who by some treachery in the town had notice thereof; they
drew up into a body, but held up at a lane's end by lieu-
tenant Parry and captain Owen.
They finding it difficult to force col. Reynolds' s men, cried
a parley, which Parry and Owen, having no power to do, re-
fused, but would forbear fighting till the colonel advanced,
upon whose coming they were contented to submit.
Upon the delivery of his two colours he discharged the rest,
dispersed them to their homes by passes, but secured two or
three of the chief ringleaders, and such as were officers in
commission in this business.
Tomson, the chief, fled, upon the approach of colonel Rey-
nolds, unto Banbury ; they killed captain Parry, and Rey-
nolds might have killed them all, but he forbore it. The
general marched after the Levellers ; colonel Whaley's regi-
ment declared to adhere to the general.
Act for 14. The act passed declaring what shall be treason against
treason. ^e state and present government, and ordered to be sent
^ into all the countries, and a copy of it to the general, to be
read to the officers and soldiers of the army.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 33
An act passed for making Mr. Scobel clerk of the parlia-
ment ; and referred to a committee to repair the losses of
Mr. Browne, clerk of the parliament to the lords' house, and
a person well-affected to the present government.
Orders for provisions for the admirals at sea, and concern-
ing the customs.
Upon a report from the council of state of the examination Dr. Doris-
of three of the servants of Dr. Dorislaus, concerning thelaus*
murder of their master ; order for a declaration to be pub-
lished in that business, and for tool, per annum to be given 402
to his son for life, and 500^. apiece to his daughters, and 250?.
for his funeral.
Upon the petition of widows whose husbands were slain in
the parliament's service, referred to a committee to consider
of the state of hospitals, and how in them, or otherwise, pro-
vision may be made for the wives and children of such, and
for maimed soldiers.
Letters from the general's quarters that he was marching
towards the mutinous troops, and sent a letter to them to
Marlborough requiring their obedience, and to submit, or
else tells them what they must expect.
They sent an answer with expressions of all respect to
the general, acknowledged themselves his soldiers, but as
to the journey to Ireland, they could not go with safe con-
sciences, being contrary to their engagement at Triploe
heath.
They desire, according thereunto, that a general council of
the army may be called, consisting of two officers and two
soldiers of every regiment, with the general officers, and in
their judgments they will acquiesce.
Letters from Scotland, that those in Londonderry sallied
out and gave a great defeat to the besiegers ; and that the com-
mittee of estates in Scotland published a declaration against
Middleton, Ogilvy, and the Gordons, as traitors.
15. Debate divers hours in a grand committee, and after-
wards in the house, about putting a period to this parliament,
and referred to a committee to consider of the settling the
successions of future parliaments, and regulating their elec-
tions, and to present heads to the house concerning the
same.
Order that the lieutenant of the Tower take care that Lil-
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. D
34 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
burn and the rest have necessary provisions for their subsist-
ence.
Levellers Letters that the general marched after the mutineers, who
routed. were twelve colours, and attempting to march over New-
bridge towards Oxford, but were forced back by colonel
Reynolds; then they went over at a ford, and marched to
Burford.
That the general pursued them, and about twelve o'clock
at night coming near the town, sent a forlorn under captain
Okey, who drew up a party of dragoons, which met with the
mutineers' scouts, drove them into the town, and so fell in
with them, and the general's regiment of horse and other
forces followed.
That the mutineers made some resistance by firing out at
the windows, but the general's officers setting forth the mi-
series they would bring themselves and the town into, they
yielded upon quarter, which was given to them.
There were taken in the town near nine hundred horse
and arms, and four hundred prisoners, and twelve colours,
being almost their whole party, and not above forty that were
in the town escaped.
Letters from the Hague, that the States caused earnest in-
quisition to be made after those that murdered Dr. Dorislaus,
and promised 1000 guilders to him that bringeth any of
them, and published it death to any who should harbour
any of the murderers.
That the Danish ambassador sits with the princess council ;
the Swedes promise men enough, and Lorrain his assistance,
but that money is wanting.
That colonel Bard, a baronet, was apprehended by order of
laus. the States, and Montrose and the lord Hopton questioned for
the murder of Dr. Dorislaus.
Orders touching the imposition upon Newcastle coals to
take off as much as might be of it ; and about provisions
for the garrisons of Newcastle, Tinmouth, and Berwick, and
Carlisle.
Order for the commissioners of the seal to issue out a com-
mission of oyer and terminer to try some moss troopers.
Referred to a committee to consider of bringing in fines
and compositions, notwithstanding judgments and extents
upon delinquents' estates.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 35
Order about collectors* accounts.
Upon a report from the council of state, that sir Robert Master of
Harley, master of the mint, refused to stamp any coin with
any other stamp than formerly, the house ordered that a
trial of the pix should be made at sir Robert Harley's charge:
they put him out of his place, and made Dr. Gordon, the phy-
sician, master of the mint in his room.
The house approved sir Arthur Haslerigge's putting cap-
tain Batten out from being governor of Holy Island.
Letters from the general to the house, of his taking and
dispersing the mutineers : the house gave captain Bridges,
who brought the letter, ioo/. to buy him horses.
Referred to the council of state to examine the correspond-
ence between some in London and the mutineers.
Cornet Dean and Tomson, the chief of the mutineers, were
by a council of war sentenced to die, and Dean was very
penitent.
The general sent out his warrant to all justices of peace to
apprehend any of the mutineers that should be found in those
parts, that they might be brought to trial.
This was the saddest day of all the days of my life hither-
to ; my brother William Willoughby brought me the direful
news that my wife was dead. When we first met, it was
upon terms of affection only, without consideration of portion
or estate or settlement, or those common provisions or dis-
creet care of friends : she was of a very honourable and an-
cient family; her father, the lord Willoughby of Parham, whose
ancestors were barons near four hundred years together, and
matched into many great and noble families ; her mother
was daughter to the earl of Rutland, lineally descended from
a sister of king Edward IV, and so from king Edward III,
and that great name and line of the Plantagenets.
17. Debate all day of the case of sir John Danvers and the
lady Gargrave his sister, about the will of the earl of Danby
their brother : the house declared the will to be void, and
referred the matter to a committee.
A declaration of colonel Whaley and all his officers and soldiers, Declara-
reciting the good intentions of the parliament for settling the peace
of the nation, setting out a fleet to secure trade, and prevent inva-
sions, providing for the pay of the army and their arrears, and taking
off free quarter, and for the relief of Ireland ;
36 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Which are endeavoured to be obstructed by the designs of the
common enemy, to the ruin of that nation, and dishonour of the army,
and hazard of this commonwealth.
That divers have wickedly gone about to divide the army, to per-
suade those soldiers to whose lot it is fallen to go for Ireland to re-
fuse that service, and to seek by force to dissolve the parliament and
conncil of state, and cast off the general.
They disclaim these traitorous plots and actions, and utterly abhor
them, and resolve to continue their due obedience to the parliament,
the general, lieutenant-general, and others in authority, and engage
to stand and fall with them.
403 18. An act for establishing of courts in every county for
the probate of wills, administrations, marriages, divorces, &c.,
was upon the question rejected, and referred to a committee
to draw up another act for the same purpose, according to
the sense of the house in this debate.
Debate touching the taking away of tithes.
Dr. Doris- The house declared their sense of the care of the States of
Holland to find out the authors of the horrid murder of
Dr. Dorislaus, and hoped that the States would be careful of
the parliament's agent, Mr. Strickland, now there.
Instructions agreed for the master of the ceremonies, for a
message to be delivered by him to the States' ambassador
here.
The house declared, that the lives of those persons of the
king's party who were excepted from pardon should answer
for the life of Dr. Dorislaus.
The parliament's ships brought in provisions to Dublin.
The mutineers taken at Burford were by a council of war
sentenced to die.
19. Divers delinquents complained of the greatness of their
fines, and referred to the committee of Goldsmiths' -hall.
Divers of the mutineers at Burford were shot to death ;
Tomson's brother was penitent ; others died desperately.
Upon the petition of them craving mercy, and acknow-
ledging their fault, Cromwell brought them word from the
general that only every tenth man should die.
Levellers. Their chief leader Tomson got possession of Northampton,
and of the ordnance, ammunition, provisions, and money
there, with two troops of horse, and some Levellers out of the
country came in to him.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 37
These passages are the more particularly recited, to show
how the parliament itself was persecuted by their own party,
and those for whom they had undergone so great hazards;
and to show how all those strugglings for power were but in
order to persecute others.
21. Letters from the general, that Tomson being gone from
Northampton to the town of Wellingborough, Mr. Butler
was sent with a select party of horse to pursue him, who fell
into his quarters and took his men, and Tomson himself
escaped to a wood ; Butler pursued, beset the wood, and sent
a party into it, where they found Tomson.
He was well mounted, and though alone, yet he desperately
rode up to Butler's party, shot a cornet and wounded an-
other, and then retreated to a bush, having received two
shots himself.
When the party began again to draw near to him, he
charged again with his pistol, and received another shot and
retreated ; the third time he came up, and saying he scorned
to take quarter, and then a corporal, with a carbine charged
with seven bullets, gave him his death's wound; that the
lieutenant of Oxfordshire troop was likewise slain.
Order for the commissioners of the seal to issue out com-
missioners of oyer and terminer to fit persons in Oxfordshire
and Northamptonshire for trial of the persons taken in the
late rebellion.
Order, that the council of state, the lord mayor, and the
justices of peace, and officers of the militia in London and
Westminster, do take care for apprehending such as were in
the late rebellion, and that the attorney- general prepare a
proclamation for the apprehending of them in the several
counties.
The pension of 500^. per annum to the earl of Nottingham
ordered to be continued, and by the means of sir Arthur
Haselrigge and myself, the countess's wife had the other
500?. per annum ordered for her.
An act passed for draining the great level of the fens.
A salary of 4OO/. per annum to Dr. Gordon as master of
the mint.
A declaration published of the parliament's ill resentment
of the horrid murder perpetrated on the body of Isaac Doris-
laus, doctor of the laws, their resident at the Hague.
38 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
wealth™1" ~^n ac* Pubnsned, declaring and constituting the people of
England to be a commonwealth and free state.
Letters from Scotland that lieutenant-general David Lesley
defeated those in the north of Scotland ; for which a day of
thanksgiving was appointed, and for the general deliverances
and successes expressed in a declaration.
That a plot of a new rebellion, and to kill the marquis of
Argyle and the lord Burleigh in St. Johnston, was discovered
by one of their own party, and divers of the conspirators
taken and executed.
Letters from Portsmouth that the Levellers began to ap-
pear in those parts and in Devonshire, but the army soldiers,
whom they expected to join with them, were readier to fight
against them.
22. Order for a letter to be sent from this parliament to
the parliament of Scotland, for a right understanding and
firm league and amity between the two nations, and that
commissioners of both parts may meet and treat for that
purpose.
Referred to the committee of the army to prepare copies
of the act touching free quarter, to be sent to every regiment
of the army, with a letter to the general to cause it to be
observed.
Order for the committee of Haberdashers'-hall to have
power to give oaths to witnesses, and for an act to empower
all committees to do the like.
Licensing Upon Mr. Mabbol's desire, and reasons against licensing
books. of boo^g to be printed, he was discharged of that employ-
m ent.
Oxford. The general and lieutenant-general, and other officers of
the army, were solemnly welcomed and highly feasted at
Oxford, and the proctor Zanchey presented the general and
lieutenant-general doctors of law ; and other officers mas-
ters of arts, and divers learned and congratulatory speeches
were made to them by the vice-chancellor, the proctors, and
other heads and officers of the university.
23. Several votes of the committee at Goldsmiths'-hall,
touching delinquents and their compositions, confirmed by
the house, and ordered to be printed.
Upon a letter from the general for a lecture to be set up
in Oxford, and for Dr. Reynolds, Mr. Caryl, and Mr. Thomas
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 39
Goodwin to be lecturers there, referred to the committee of
Oxford to have it done.
Visitors added for the university of Oxford.
Upon a report from the council of state, referred to them
to take care for repairing the castles of Sandown, Deal, and
Wymere.
Some mariners that revolted, and since were taken by the
parliament's ships, were tried by a council of sea-officers, and
executed.
Letters from the Hague of great preparations for the new 404
king of Scotland to go to sea, that Montrose is to go for
Scotland, and to have such forces as Germany, Sweden, and
Denmark afford.
24. Upon the desire of the towns of Sarum, Pool, and the
county of Devon, who had advanced considerable sums for
the parliament ; order that they might double those sums in
the purchase of deans' and chapters' lands.
Order for the duke of Gloucester and the lady Elizabeth, Duke of
the late king's children, to be under the tuition of the coun-
tess of Carlisle, and 3000^. per annum allowed for their main-
tenance.
Order for repayment of money lent by the city for carry-
ing on the treaty.
Order for threepence per pound salary for the trustees for
sale of bishops' lands.
Order that the speaker writing to foreign states should
style himself, William Lenthal, speaker of the parliament of
England.
A committee named to peruse the orders of the house after
they should be drawn up, and to see that they should be
rightly entered.
A provost marshal appointed with power to seize upon
malignants and disaffected persons.
26. The act touching debts debated and recommitted.
Order for money for poor widows, and wives of soldiers.
Report by lieutenant-general Cromwell of the suppressing
of the Levellers : the house gave him their hearty thanks for
that great service, and ordered one of their members to at-
tend the general with the hearty thanks of the house for his
great service in that business ; and ordered a general day of
thanksgiving for that great mercy.
40 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
28. An act passed for auditing the accounts of the soldiery,
and securing of their arrears, particular care being had of
those who shall go for Ireland.
The act for giving power to all committees to give oaths,
reported from the committee, and upon the question rejected ;
and an act for continuance of the making of saltpetre, as
formerly, was rejected.
Referred to a committee to consider how deeds remaining
with the records of the court of wards may be delivered out
to the owners.
Referred to a committee to consider what powers are fit to
be continued to the committee of Haberdashers'-hall, and to
examine their accounts.
Orders touching sequestrations, and compositions of delin-
quents.
The parliament's ships took five officers going for Ireland
in a ship of the States, and sent them up prisoners.
Letters from Lancashire of great scarcity of corn, and that
the famine was sore among them, after which the plague
overspread itself in many parts of the country, taking away
whole families together, and few escaped where any house
was visited, and that the Levellers got into arms, but were
suppressed speedily by the governor.
29. The act passed for draining the great level of the fens.
Another passed for the 2o,ooo/. per annum for maintenance
of ministers and scholars, &c.
Upon a report by lieutenant-general Cromwell of the
readiness of the soldiers to go for Ireland, if money were pro-
vided for them, several orders were made for that purpose.
The petitions of sir Peter Temple and his wife, and of his
creditors, referred to a committee.
Letters from Chester of relief of Dublin with provisions
from England.
Letters from the Hague, that the prince could not obtain
from the States such an assistance of shipping as he desired.
The governor of Jersey invited the prince thither, and put
out of the island all whom he suspected to be well-affected to
the parliament.
The parliament's ships took two ships and thirty pieces of
ordnance going for Ireland to the rebels, and many English
officers : some of them, suspected to have had a hand in the
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 41
murder of Dr. Dorislaus, were sent prisoners to Pendennis-
castle.
30. Referred to a committee to state the business of the
Isle of Anglesey in relation to their compositions, and sir
Hugh Owen's sequestrations discharged upon the articles of
Anglesey.
Referred to the committee of the navy to examine the
accounts and business of captain Dick and captain Coning-
ham, in relation to Ireland, and to bring in an act for set-
tlement thereof; the like for the business of my lord Forbes,
and concerning the original contract with the adventurers
for Ireland.
Debate touching the arrears of the Dutch officers.
Referred to the two chief justices and chief baron to pre-
pare an act for settling the business between the miners in
Derbyshire and the earl of Rutland.
Letters from Ireland, that the little quantity of corn lately
brought in thither hath much refreshed and encouraged the
inhabitants and soldiers, and that the parliament's ships
have cleared that coast ; that the rebels are in much division
among themselves.
The act for abolishing kingly government, and establishing
a free state, was solemnly proclaimed in London by the lord
mayor and twelve aldermen present with him.
Letters of the general's going to the Isle of Wight to view Sir Tho.
it and the castles there, and his entertainment with the great Fairfax-
guns and feasting, and of his coming from thence to South-
ampton, where he was saluted with great guns round the
town, and great feasting.
That from thence he went to Portsmouth upon the same
business, to view the fortifications ; from thence he came to
Guilford : the mayor and officers there showed him all respect,
and near the town he had a rendezvous of the army.
He spake to the several regiments, exhorting them to obe-
dience, and showing them the danger that the late mutineers
might have brought the whole nation into, if God had not
prevented it.
31. A committee from the common-council of London London in-
brought a message to the house, to desire them, on the day of ^j^^
thanksgiving for suppressing the Levellers, to dine with the to dinner.
42 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
lord mayor, aldermen, and common-council at Grocers'-hall,
and that they might have the favour to solemnize that day
with the house at such a church as they should be pleased to
nominate.
Voted that Christ-Church should be the place of meeting
for the parliament and city to solemnize that day, and that
the house did accept of the invitation from the city, and
ordered the hearty thanks of the house to be given them for
405 their constant and great affections to the parliament and
nation.
The committee of common-council then invited the gene-
ral and officers of the army to the same feast, which was well
accepted of by them, and thanks returned to the city.
Report of proclaiming the Act against kingship in the city,
and that alderman Chambers and sir Thomas Soames would
not accompany the lord mayor therein ; for which contempt
they were ordered to appear at the bar of the house.
Order for the accounts of Mr. Rowland Wilson, as muster-
master-general of the forces of Warwick and Coventry, to be
stated.
Referred to the committee of absent members to consider
> what members have not appeared in the house since Jan. 1 1
last, and what members are fit to be admitted, and what ex-
pelled.
Order to get in 6ooo£, in the hands of Mr. Gell, a member
of the house, receiver for Derbyshire, unaccounted for.
Declara- A representation of the officers and soldiers of lieutenant-general
tion. Cromwell's regiment to the general, reciting the great successes God
had given to the army under his condnct, and the late horrid and
unnatural defection of some of them from the parliament and general
his authority. That from their hearts they disown the having any
hand in countenancing the revolt and capitulation of the twelve troops
of the army, or any others, or the papers which have scandalized
the parliament, council of state, or army, and bless God for the
general's reducing of them.
They profess to hazard their lives and all that is dear to them,
for preservation of this parliament, and, while they are soldiers, to
submit to the general his authority over them under the parliament.
A declaration came from Portsmouth in vindication of them-
selves and others touching the Levellers.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 43
June 1649.
1. Upon a report from the commissioners of the great seal, Judges,
of the names of fit persons to be judges and barons of the
exchequer, the house voted,
That sergeant Nicholas and Mr. Ask be judges of the upper
bench :
That sergeant Puleston and Peter Warburton, esq., be
judges of the common-pleas :
That sergeant Thorp and colonel Rigby be barons of the
exchequer :
And that the commissioners of the seal do grant them
patents accordingly.
That Mr. Broughton be clerk of the crown of the upper
bench, in the place of Mr. Ask, he being made a judge.
An act passed declaring the grounds of the next thanks-
giving day.
Upon the general's desire, the house confirmed what
colonel Pine had done in Somersetshire, in raising force
there against the Levellers ; by letters from the general, he
and sir T. Wroth had the thanks of the house for what they
did.
Sir Thomas Soames being called to the bar, and asked why, Sir Tho.
having notice of the proclaiming the act against kingship, he Soames-
did not attend the lord mayor at the doing of it ;
He answered, that it was against several oaths which he
had taken as an alderman of London, and against his judg-
ment and conscience.
Alderman Chambers being asked the same question, an- Alderman '
swered, that his heart did not go along in that business. Chambers.
Sir Thomas was disabled from being a member of the
house, and disfranchised from being an alderman, or to bear
any public office. And alderman Chambers was disabled
from being an alderman, or to bear any public office.
I received this letter from the earl of Pembroke:
To the right honourable my much honoured friend Bulstrode Whit-
locke, esq., one of the lords commissioners of the great seal, and
lieutenant of Windsor forest.
SIR,
SINCE you have favoured me so much as to accept of the lieute-
nancy of Windsor forest, I pray continue your respects to me so far
forth as to admit of my present importunity, that you will please to
44 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
consider of my lady Mainwaring's pretence to Sayo's walk, or any
other part thereof in the said forest, derived, as she saith, from the
right of a grant for a term of years which her late husband sir Arthur
Mainwaring had in his lifetime from king James, or king Charles, I
cannot punctually say which ; for as I would not willingly oppose
any just title that she hath thereunto, so, on the other side, I shall
not easily disappoint my worthy friend Mr. Francis Allen, a member
of parliament, of the custody, on whom I have conferred it, so far
forth as in me lies. In order hereunto, I will take course that you
shall be attended by some such person as her ladyship shall appoint,
to evidence the justness of her claim, which when you have consi-
dered of, you may please to let me understand your opinion therein,
that I may fix my resolution in the settlement thereof accordingly ;
for which trouble I do the rather crave your pardon and excuse, be-
cause I shall never account it any to do you all serviceable respects
that possibly may fall within the best performances of him who is so
perfectly,
Sir,
Your faithful friend and servant,
2. An act passed for sale of the goods of the late king,
queen, and prince ; but the sale of the pictures was respited.
An act passed for doubling upon the public faith, upon the
sale of deans1 and chapters'* lands.
Orders for the commissioners of the seal to issue out writs
to make Mr. Warburton, colonel Rigby, and Mr. Ask ser-
geants at law, they being to be made judges.
Order for the council of state to bestow a house and main-
tenance for Mrs. Elkinea and her children.
4. Upon a report from the committee of absent members,
colonel Russel, Mr. Edwards, Mr. Fr. Gordon, Mr. Hodges,
and Mr. Ellis were readmitted to sit in the house.
Petitions of many poor prisoners for debt, that the act
may be passed for their relief.
An act published of the grounds of the next day of public
thanksgiving.
A declaration of the officers and soldiers of colonel Hor-
ton's regiment, testifying their adherence to the parliament
and to the general, presented to his excellency.
The like from major-general Skippon's regiment, and from
the town of Portsmouth.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 45
Letters from Scotland, that a declaration was brought from 406
Ireland thither against the parliament of England ; that at
their thanksgiving the ministers vehemently preached against
the malignants and sectaries.
Letters from Chester, that Dublin is in a good condition ;
that one of the soldiers, by sentence of the council of war, was
shot to death for moving one of his fellows to run away to
the enemy; and that prince Rupert and Inchequin are at
great difference, and so are Owen Howe and Ormond.
Letters from Holland, that the Danish ambassador desired
to borrow of the States a great sum of money for the king of
Scotland, and offered the Sundt security for it :
That at the diet at Sweden itw as resolved to assist the king
of Scotland with money :
That the lord Cottington and sir Edward Hyde, ambassa-
dors from the king of Scotland, desired audience of his high-
ness Leopoldus, and from thence were to go for Spain.
5. Colonel Popham, one of the generals at sea, reported to
the house the good service of the fleet ; the relief of Dublin
with provisions ; that sir George Ascue is left there with
some ships ; that fifteen of prince Rupert's ships are blocked
up in Khigsale ; and desired speedy supplies for the navy.
The house ordered supplies accordingly, and thanks to the
generals at sea, and to colonel Jones, and that these suc-
cesses at sea should be remembered in the day of thanks-
giving.
The council of state gave order for Flemish ships to trans-
port the horse into Ireland, and for the regiments to march
to Chester and other ports, and not to stay above one night
in a place.
Letters from sir George Askue, that he had furnished
Dublin with provisions, and sent others to sir Charles Coote,
and had blocked prince Rupert's ships at Kingsale.
Letters that the lord Rea and twenty other prisoners were
brought to Edinburgh.
6. A new mace, with the arms of England and Ireland, in- New mace,
stead of the king's arms, approved, and delivered to sergeant
Birkhead to be used for the house, and all other maces for
the commonwealth to be of that form.
Vote for 3000/. to be given to Mr. Blackston's wife and
46 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
children, in respect of his losses, and 500^. to his brother, out
of the lord of Newcastle's and lord Widdrington's estates.
Order for captain Bishop, provost-martial, to apprehend
suspected persons, and to have JOG/, per annum salary, and
twelve men at is. per diem apiece.
Order for loooZ. for a stock to settle poor people to work.
Speaker* Upon a report from the council of state, ordered, that
when the speaker with the house came into the city the lord
mayor should deliver up to him the sword, as he used to do
to the king, and that at the feast the speaker should sit above
the lord mayor, and referred it to the council of state to
order matters of ceremony at the meeting.
Letters that the queen of Sweden had furnished the king
of Scots with great store of ammunition.
A declaration of the officers and soldiers of colonel Rey-
nolds's regiment, to the same effect with those of other regir
ments.
Parliament 7. The speaker with the house of commons, the general
with the officers of the army, the lord president and council
of state, after the hearing of two sermons, went to Grocers'-
hall, to dine with the lord mayor, aldermen, and common-
council, according to their invitation.
The speaker sat first, next to him the lord mayor, then the
lord general, then the earl of Pembroke called to me to sit
down, being the ancient commissioner of the great seal; I
desired his lordship would be pleased first to sit down, and
then I would sit by him. With that the earl spake aloud, (as
he used to do,) that all near him might hear, " What, do you
think that I will sit down before you? I have given place
heretofore to bishop Williams, to my lord Coventry, and my
lord Littleton ;
" And you have the same place that they had; and as mflch
honour belongs to the place under a commonwealth as under
a king, and you are a gentleman as well born and bred as
any of them ; therefore I will not sit down before you."
With his earnestness he caused me to sit down before him,
and sat himself the next to me ; and then the lord president
of the council, and the two other commissioners of the great
seal, (the earl of Salisbury and the lord Howard,) sat next to
the earl of Pembroke; and after the commissioners of the seal
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 47
sat lieutenant-general Cromwell, and other members of par-
liament and of the council of state.
At two tables on each side of the hall sat other members,
and at a table in the middle of the hall sat major-general
Lambert, and other officers of the army ; the judges sat in a
room over the parlour, which was very large, and the lord
mayor, aldermen, and some common-councilmen at another
table in the same room.
The music was only drums and trumpets; the feast was
very sumptuous, no healths drunk, nor any incivility passed ;
and besides the overplus of the victuals left at dinner, 400^.
was given to the poor of London.
8. An act passed for settling maintenance upon the ministry
of the nation.
Report touching relief for maimed soldiers' widows and
orphans of soldiers slain.
Referred to the committee of Oxford to prefer Mr. Thomas
Goodwin-and Mr. Owen to be heads of colleges in that uni-
versity, and that they have the hearty thanks of the house
for their sermons yesterday.
Some members of the house and of the city ordered to re-
turn the hearty thanks of the house to the lord mayor, alder-
men, and common-council, for their great love and civilities
yesterday expressed to the parliament and army.
Referred to a committee to consider what mark of honour
and favour the parliament should bestow upon the city for their
real affection to the parliament.
Some aldermen and common-councilmen, in the name of
the lord mayor, aldermen, and common-council, presented
the lord general with a large and weighty bason and ewer of
beaten gold, as a testimony of the affections of the city to his
excellence.
They also presented from the city to the lieutenant-gene-
ral Cromwell plate to the value of 300^. and two hundred
pieces in gold.
9. A long debate touching absent members : voted, that Vote,
those who gave their votes for addresses to be made to the
late king should state their cases in writing by a day to the
committee for absent members, which if they neglect to do,
then writs to be issued out for new elections in the places of
those who shall so neglect.
48
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Scotland.
407 11. Debate touching the earl of Chesterfield's composition.
Letters from the countess of Leicester and the earl of
Northumberland, for allowance for the late king's children,
referred to the committee of the revenue to provide moneys
for them.
Order for demolishing Montgomery-castle, and allowance
to the lord Herbert for his damage thereby, out of his fine.
Order for demolishing Winchester-castle, and reparation
for the damage thereby to sir William Waller. The like
for Belvoir-castle, and for reparation of the damage thereby
to the earl of Rutland, referred all to the council of state.
The act passed for relieving persons comprised in articles.
Another, for altering the original seals of Carmarthen,
Pembroke, and Cardigan.
Another, for altering the seal ofNisi-prius of the common-
pleas.
Dorislaus. Order that the members of the house, and of the council
of state, the lords commissioners of the great seal, and judges,
do attend the funeral of Dr. Dorislaus.
Letters that the parliament of Scotland took many excep-
tions to the letter sent to them from the parliament of Eng-
land. That they go on in raising forces, but the quelling of
the Levellers in England did not please them. But they
bewail the suffering condition of their presbyterian brethren
in England.
That in Scotland are many English officers and soldiers,
who expect employment when their new king cometh, and
are out of patience and money by his long stay ; that the
Scots fear a famine, and execute very many for witches.
12. Order for six thousand men for the summer guard, to
be proportioned to the ships, and three thousand for the
winter guard.
Referred to the committee of the army to confer with the
council of state touching the number of forces to be kept up,
and the pay of them.
Referred to a committee to prepare an act upon sir Henry
Vane's report touching the excise.
The new judges were sworn in the several courts ; and it
came to my turn to make the speech to those who were sworn
judges of the common-pleas, who were Mr. Sergeant Peuleston
and Mr. Sergeant Warburton.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 49
Wherein (amongst other matters) I told them of their being
the first judges publicly sworn in this commonwealth, and spake
to them concerning judges in general, judges of this common-
wealth, and judges of this court. On the second head I told
them, that the judges in this commonwealth are of as great anti-
quity as is the law itself. That the Druids were judges or inter-
preters of the law amongst the Britons. And as they studied
the law twenty years, yet committed nothing to writing ; so
our judges spend as much longer time in the same study, and
our common law is lex non scripta at this day.
I also intimated to them what I found in Ingulphus, p. 870,
and in Selden's Janus Anglorum, of the division made by king
Alphred, or Allured, in judices ,quos nunc justitiarios vocamus,
et vicecomites. And in the same author, that when Will. I.
upon the suit of the abbot of Crowland confirmed the laws of
St. Edward, he proclaimed them to be kept, et justiciariis suis
commendabat. And then he thus proceeds :
All these are testimonies of the antiquity of our judges, but I hold
not this essential to be largely considered, save as it falls in our way.
Neither shall I rob you of your time by an elaborate discourse of
the honour and respect due to your place, only you may pardon a
few observations thereupon, and the rather, for the particular relation
I have to that calling. What respect the Saxons had to their judges
appears in the etymology of their word grave, which signifieth a
judge, and an earl, sir John Dauys Rep.
As in the old law of the Ripuarians, c. 55. act. ist, the title
being Si quis crassionem interfecerit ; the text is, Si quis judicem
Jiscalem, quern comitem vacant, interfecerit, Seld.Tit. Hon. f. 121, 127.
and Haillan. f. 274.
But to come nearer home, we find in the law of Hen. i. this de-
scription of a judge, Regis judices sunt bar ones comitatus, qui liber as
in eis terras habent, villani vero, corsetti, velferdingi, vel qui sunt viles,
aut inopes persona, non sunt inter judices numerandi.
Whence appears the reason of the judges of the exchequer being
called barons, Seld. Tit. Hon. £347, and 390. Lambert. f.i86. iHen.
6. f. 7.
Agreeable with this is the testimony of Bracton, who saith thus :
Comites vero vel barones non sunt amerciandi, nisi per pares suos, et
hoc per barones scaccarii, vel coram ipso rege.
Upon which, and the case of the earl of Northumberland under
Hen. VI, Selden observes that all judges were held anciently as
barons.
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. E
50 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
And the writ by which they were summoned to parliament is in the
same style, and hath in it the same words with the writs of summons
of barons, consilium vestrum impensuri, those of the commons being
ad faciendum, et consentiendum hiis, quce de communi consilio ordinari
contigerint.
And in some entries of judgments upon writs of error in parliament
the words are ex assensu justitiariorum, and the title of lord was
given anciently to all the judges, as appears in divers of our books
and records, and is still given to the judges of assize.
They have their officers, and their purveyance, as the barons had,
until taken away by the statute from both Rot. Parl. loE. 2. pt. 2.
M. 20. and 2 E. 3. pt. i. M. 33. and Rot. Glaus, u. E. i. and this
was taken away by the statute 4 E. 3 . c. 3 .
There be divers cases and records of punishments inflicted on those
who gave any affronts to judges, and especially that noted case of
Roger Hengham, M. 33 and 34. E. i. Rot. 71. in the receipt of the
exchequer.
So tender hath the state always been of the honour of their great
public officers; and as the state is, so the judges themselves ought to
be very tender of that honour with which they are intrusted, which
is not so much theirs as the nation's honour, and the honour of the
law itself.
They are neither to lessen their honour by a carriage too lofty,
for most honour is gained by courtesy and humility ; nor to lessen
their honour by a port too low and unbeseeming their quality. But
this point needs no consideration in this place.
I hasten to my last particular, which is concerning judges of this
court. A high and ancient court, high in respect of the universality
and business of it ; the liberties, franchises, and property of all the
people of this great nation are determinable in it.
And concerning the antiquity of the court, give me leave upon
this occasion, and for the right and honour of this court, a little to
look into an opinion delivered by great and learned men upon that
point.
408 Not that T presume upon my slender judgment to control theirs,
but to lay before you their assertion, and what authorities I have
met with in my little reading to the contrary, that yourselves, by
comparing both together, may the better judge of the difference.
Lambert, Cowel, sergeant Fleetwood, sir Thomas Smith, and a
manuscript concerning masters of the chancery, all of them do affirm,
that the court of common-pleas was erected by the statute of Magna
Chart a, cap. n.
The words are communia placita non sequantur curiam nostrum, sed
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 51
sint in loco certo ; from hence they collect that common-pleas, which
before were held in other courts, and followed the king's house, were
not settled in a place certain, nor the court of common-pleas erected
till this time.
Of these authors sir Roger Owen in his manuscript saith, they are
like unto ostriches, birds of great feathers, yet little flight : I cannot
subscribe to their opinion upon these grounds.
Beda, f. 10, relates, that the prime monarch, with the consent of
the states of parliament, allotted pleas of the crown to one court,
common suits of subjects to another, and matters of revenue to a
third ; and this was long before Magna Charta.
They mistake the words curiam nostram in this place of Magna
Charta to signify the king's house, which had not then that appella-
tion ; but the word curia had another signification.
Among the Romans, whose word it is, curia sometimes was taken
for the 3oth part of the people, into which Romulus divided them ;
but more frequently it signified with them an assembly of clergymen
and lawyers, as curia Hostilia, Pompeia, Julia, &c.
St. Augustine, in his comment upon the i2ist Psalm, saith, that
curia improperly is taken for a tribe, but properly signifies the courts
of justice in cities and countries.
In the same sense the word is taken with us, and was so before
any application of it to the king's house, as is plain in the Mirror of
Justices. Glanvil, the stat. of Malbridge, 51 Hen. 3. the stat. W. i.
13 Eliz. i. and Will. 2. 13 Eliz. i. and others, and in Walsingham,
Ingulphus, Hoveden, Paris, and all our chief historians.
In Hen. 3d's time, and after, hospitium regis was generally the word
for the king's house ; as mareschallus hospitii, in their letters patents ;
and Britton calls it hostel du roy.
That ground then will fail them, that by the word curia in Magna
Charta is meant the king's house, but, as sir Roger Owen and others
conjecture, by it is meant the courts of chancery, king's bench, and
exchequer.
The case 2 1 Ed. 3 . Fitz. Bre. comes to this : where a writ de ratio-
nabili parte bonorum was brought in the king's bench, the defendant
pleaded this part of Magna Charta, communia placita non sequantur
curiam nostram ; and though he had been at issue, yet the plaintiff
would not proceed.
And in 26 Ed. i. in the treasury, one Nicholas de Scotland brought
an assize for land, which was reversed for error in the king's bench,
where the judges willed Nicholas to arraign a new assize in the com-
mon-pleas, because by the words of Magna Charta, common-pleas
E 2
52 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
ought not to follow bancum regis, and there are no other words (cu-
riam nostram) in Magna Charta but these.
In the statute articuli super chartas, it is said, no common-pleas
shall hereafter be held in the cheq. against the tenour of the great
charter, and there be no words restraining suits of common-pleas by
the great charter but these.
To make it more plain, it is agreed by Hovederi, Paris, and others,
and I think not to be denied, that Magna Charta were the laws of
Edward the Confessor: and in that case, 21 Ed. 3, the defendant
pleaded this part of it, not as an act of parliament, but as a common
consent and custom.
To this purpose, that is pertinent 26Assis. p. 24. where the abbot
of B. prescribes to have cognizance of pleas, and to have an original
out of court, by usage in the time of St. Edmund and St. Edward
kings. And that Hen. i. by his charter confirmed all the usages,
and that they should have cognizance of all manner of pleas; so that
the justices of the one bench or the other should not intermeddle :
upon which my lord Coke, Lit. 7 1 B, collects, that then there was
this court and these judges.
In the treasury of the chequer are many records of pleas of king
Hen. 2. Ric. i . and king John, dated in the court of common-pleas.
In an ancient roll there is contained the suit between the abbot of
Anjou and the abbot of Crowland about the meers of a marsh, in the
court of common-pleas in Ric. i. and king John's time, and the names
of the justices set down in the roll thus, Justitiarii in banco residen-
tes, and the chancellor writes to them by that name.
Glanvil, in his second book, writes of them which would not wage
battle, but have their matters tried by a jury, fol. 14. that they were
to be tried coram justitiariis in banco residentibus.
In Glanvil's 4th book, it is said, that Quare impedits are returnable
coram justitiariis apud Westmonasterium ; which they are to this day.
In his eighth book he writes, though fines were levied in many
other courts, yet still they were engrossed coram justitiariis in banco
residentibus ; and so they are to this day.
An act passed for Mr. Broughton to be coroner of the
upper bench.
Dr. Walker is made one of the judges of the admiralty.
A petition of Mr. Gething for money, and a demand of
money by the lord Grey of Wark_, referred to the committee
to remove obstructions in the sale of deans' and chapters'
lands.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 53
An act passed to encourage the manufacture of salt.
Order of the council for demolishing of Lancaster-castle.
Letters from the parliament's navy, that divers of prince
Rupert's seamen came in to them ; that the prince had very
few men, and most of them such as had been taken pri-
soners by him.
Letters from Chester, that the Irish rebels came near to
Dublin, and many of the parliament's forces ran to them ;
that wheat in Dublin was at 555. the barrel.
From Ireland, that Ormond was come with twelve thou-
sand foot and two thousand four hundred horse within
twenty-five miles of Dublin, where he had besieged some
places ; that colonel Jones went out with a party to relieve
them ; that the catholics and old protestants went daily in to
Ormond.
13. Referred to a committee to consider of some things
offered in behalf of the people of New-England.
Raising money for lame soldiers referred to the committee
of hospitals.
Order for the commissioners of the seal to pass several
pardons, upon certificates of the judges, for persons con-
demned in the circuits.
Order that the earl and countess of Leicester take care that
no other ceremony be used to the late king's children, than 409
is used to noblemen's children of this nation.
A declaration of the officers and soldiers at Lancaster, to
the same effect with those from other regiments, was pre-
sented to the general.
The mayor and divers citizens of Oxford presented me
with a patent to be high steward of that city, to which I was
unanimously chosen by them in the place of the earl of
Berks.
Upon lieutenant-general Cromwell's desire, referred to a
committee to take his accounts of his expeditions into Wales
and Scotland, and to give him discharges.
14. Much time spent upon the business between sir John
Danvers and the lady Gargrave, touching the estate of the
late earl of Danby their brother, and resolved upon the ques-
tion, that sir John Danvers was deprived of that estate by
the will of the earl, for his affection and adhering to the par-
54 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
liament; and referred to a committee to consider how sir
John's losses thereby may be repaired.
Letters from Holland, that prince Charles was attended
from the Hague by the princess his sister, and many persons
of eminence, and with forty troops of horse to Breda, and
from thence to Antwerp, and so to Brussels, where the arch-
duke Leopold intends to receive and conduct him into
France.
15. Moneys ordered for the lord L'Isle, upon his accounts,
as lord lieutenant of Ireland.
Referred to the council of state to order the going of the
several judges in the next circuits.
Upon information of the good service done by baron
Thorpe in the last northern circuit, ordered that he go the
same circuit this vacation.
Order for judge Pheasant to make choice of his circuit, or
to stay at home, being sickly.
Mr. William Littleton and Mr. Bulstrode ordered to be
judges of North Wales.
Order for the committee of the revenue duly to pay the
salaries of the lords commissioners of the seal and of the
judges.
Order for an act to enable the judges who ride the northern
circuit to keep assize at Durham for the bishopric.
Upon a report from the council of state, the house ap-
proved of commissary-general Ireton to go into Ireland next
commander-in-chief unto lieutenant-general Cromwell ; and
that he have presently paid him zoool. in part of his arrears.
Letters, that store of provisions of corn were brought in
by Dutch ships into Lancashire.
An act passed for transmitting into the exchequer bonds
forfeited to the commissioners of excise, to the end they may
be put in suit. And the commissioners of excise were con-
tinued till the 25th of December next.
Order for an act to ease the people in payment of the
excise.
Order, that the trustees for sale of bishops' lands do put
their powers in speedy execution.
Upon the petition of the widows of slain soldiers, referred
to the committee of Haberdashers'- hall, to allow them their
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 55
husbands' arrears, out of such concealed delinquents' estates
as they should discover.
Power given to the trustees to sell deans' and chapters'
lands at ten years' purchase.
The general sent a letter to the colonel of each regiment
to give him an account of the taking off of free quarter.
18. An act passed for relief of persons according to articles
of war.
Upon a recommendation of the general, ordered, that sir
William Fleetwood, sir Edward Sydenham, Mr. John Carey,
Mr. Adrian May, and Mr. Stidolph, shall have the benefit of
the articles of Oxford.
Order for a writ for a new election of a member for
Abington.
Order for lool. for arrears of Mr. Rowland Wilson, as
muster-master-general for the forces of Warwickshire.
Major Gobbet dismissed of his command, and captain Ro-
gers committed to the marshal by order of the general.
Letters, that the inhabitants of Drayton in Shropshire, on
the last Lord's day, in the night, fell upon captain Thelwel's
troop, and disarmed and pillaged them.
That the reduced soldiers at York seized upon some of the
officers who were to pay them their arrears, and kept them
in restraint four hours.
19. Order for iooo£. for the lord president Bradshaw ; and
referred to a committee to consider how 2oool. per annum
lands of inheritance may be settled upon him and his heirs ;
and how iooo/. per annum may be settled upon major-general
Skippon and his heirs for their good services.
An act passed, read three times this morning, to enable
the judges that go the northern circuit to hold assizes at
Durham.
A petition of Mr. Stedman, &c., referred to the committee
of Leicester.
Upon a report from the council of state, referred to the
court of admiralty to examine a business touching some mer-
chants of the intercourse, and certify the house.
Letters from the generals at sea, that they intended, as
soon as weather will permit, to recover Kingsale road.
Colonel Reynold's regiment and colonel Okey's companies
were ready to be shipped for Ireland.
56 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AEFAIRS
The general sent his orders to every regiment to permit
any of the regiment that would go for Ireland, and not to
entertain any in their rooms till further order ; and to lieu-
tenant-general Cromwell, not to entertain any who have left
any regiment designed for Ireland, and to have their accounts
stated.
Letters from Chester, that colonel Jones and Owen Row
were so far agreed as not to disturb one another's quarters.
Letters, that the Scots were new-modelling their army,
and none to be of it but those who take the covenant ; that
the commissioners of the kirk would have the king further
pressed to grant their desires.
20. Petitions reported by commissary-general Ireton.
Petitions from Kendal referred to the commissioners of
the seal, and the attorney-general.
Petition of the earl of Lincoln for damage for the demo-
lishing of Tatter's-hall castle referred to the council of state.
Order for disposing 1480?. taken in a Dutch ship at
Gravesend.
Order for satisfaction of losses to Mr. Everard and others
of Essex out of the estate of Butler, an Irish rebel.
Another petition referred to the commissioners of the
great seal.
An act passed for lessening the rates in the sale of deans'
and chapters' lands.
Dismantling Gotheridge-castle referred to the council of
state.
Letters, that some of prince Charles' ships had taken di-
vers fishermen.
410 The committee touching major-general Browne and other
members revived.
Order for the trustees for sale of bishops' lands to put
their powers in execution for speedy bringing in of moneys
due upon contracts with them as well against members of the
house as others.
The committees to sequester those in default ; and divers
orders made to remove obstructions in the sale of deans' and
chapters' lands.
21 . Mr. Lenthal, the speaker's son, readmitted to sit in the
house.
Letters, that Ormond was come up with twelve thousand
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 57
into the quarters of Dublin ; that divers from the town ran
away to him; that colonel Jones and colonel Monk were
preparing to march out to him.
22. A report from the council of state, that before the Acts,
house do adjourn it will be fit that these acts be passed by
them ; viz.
All general acts concerning moneys for settling the militia.
For prohibiting the exportation of wool and fullers' earth.
To prohibit the exportation of gold and silver.
For punishing revolted seamen, and for investing the judge of the
admiralty with his power.
For relieving well-affected tenants against their oppressing land-
lords.
For suppressing all scandalous and malignant pamphlets, and the
authors and printers of them, and to prevent as much as may be
printing.
For punishing licentiousness and abuses in pulpits.
For repealing the clause in the statute 35 Eliz. concerning sec-
taries.
For a general pardon.
For relieving poor prisoners for debt.
For securing the soldiers' arrears.
For probate of wills, granting administrations, and investing min-
isters in livings.
The council further reported divers things to be prepared
during the recess of the house for their debate at their next
meeting; viz.
An act for taking away tithes, and for settling another j /
maintenance for the ministers, and concerning future parlia-
ments.
For regulating proceedings at law, and what laws are fit to
be repealed.
The house appointed a day to take these matters into con-
sideration.
The commission to lieutenant-general Cromwell to com- Cromwell.
mand in chief the forces in Ireland was read in Latin and in
English, and approved, and ordered to pass the great seal, to
be in force for three years.
And the civil and military power to be in him for that
time.
An act passed for making Robert Bernard, esq. judge of
the isle of Ely.
58 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Order for the painted chamber to be prepared, and hanged,
for the commissioners of articles to sit there.
An act passed for stating the accounts of all officers and
soldiers.
A proclamation by the general forbidding soldiers to put
their horses into mowing grounds.
23. Upon consideration that the money was very little that
yet came in by sale of deans1 and chapters' lands, ordered,
that the officers and soldiers, whose accounts are audited,
may double their arrears for purchase of those lands.
The desires of the earl of Denbigh, touching his arrears
for his embassy into Italy, and other arrears, referred to the
committee of the revenue.
Referred to a committee to consider of colonel Henry
Martin's losses, and of his arrears, and how they may be sa-
tisfied .
25. The petitions of the earl of Rutland and of the lead-
miners referred to the judges of the northern circuit.
An act passed for holding the assizes for Lancashire in
Lancaster-castle.
The next winters guard for the seas approved of.
The extraordinary charges of lieutenant-general Cromwell,
for his journey into Ireland, referred to a committee to con-
sider and report.
Referred to a committee to select the acts fit to be passed
before the adjournment of the house, and what matters to be
debated during the recess.
The lord Grey's disbursements and arrears referred to a
committee how he may be satisfied.
An act for making a judge of the admiralty and cinque
ports rejected.
An act passed giving power to the council of state to grant
letters of marque and reprisal.
An additional act passed for encouragement of purchasers
of deans' and chapters' lands.
Letters from colonel Blake and colonel Deane, generals at
sea, that they are again before Kingsale ; that prince Rupert
and Maurice are there, and have gotten four hundred seamen
from Waterford ; that Ormond's army is fourteen thousand.
A paper of requests delivered to lieutenant-general Crom-
well for recruits and supplies for sir Charles Coote's forces in
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 59
the north of Ireland, that they, being three regiments of horse
and three of foot, have had but eight months' pay in eight
years, and a peck of oatmeal a week ; and that sir Charles
Coote may be relieved.
Letters, that colonel Jones was marched out of Dublin
with four thousand foot and one thousand horse upon Or-
mond's drawing near the town, but that Ormond being within
five miles of him, Jones retreated to secure Dublin.
Letters from Scotland, that their king had parted with Scotland.
Montrose, had consented to the covenant, and to the desires
of the kirk, and to confirm what was done by his father's
authority, and by the parliament of Scotland since, and that
shortly they expect their king with them.
26. The act for relief of creditors and touching prisoners
recommitted.
A proposal by sir Paul Pindar and the rest of the old com-
missioners for the customs to advance ioo,ooo/. for the par-
liament, if they might be secured a debt of 300,000^. owing
to them by the late king, was laid aside.
A report for papists, who had not been in arms, to be ad-
mitted to compound, was laid aside.
Captain Young spoiled a ship in Helvoetsluice in Holland,
being ready to set sail for the prince ; and took a frigate be-
longing to the prince with seventy prisoners, and ten pieces
of ordnance in her, and a corn ship.
Letters, that captain Peacock, upon discovery of two corn
ships taken by one of the prince's vessels, recovered both the
ships, and brought them to harbour, and took one of the
prince's men of war, and another ship taken with eleven guns
and ammunition.
Letters, that the prince was at Brussels, and at a stand
what to do, because the Levellers in England were reduced ;
that he was expected shortly to be in France.
Letters that a frigate (of sir John Greenville, governor of 41 1
Scilly, with two brass guns, twenty-four muskets, and twenty-
four oars, made for piracy) coming near Swansy, the governor
of CardifFe sent out boats, pursued the frigate from creek to
creek, and at length took her and all her men, except the
captain and some few with him, who got on shore and fled
away.
27. Letters from colonel Jones of his march out of Dublin,
60 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
and after some skirmishes his retreat, being so much over-
powered, and desires relief.
Other letters of colonel Jones's march, and that thereby he
much straitened the enemy's quarters, and made a very
honourable retreat, and in all demeaned himself with great
valour and wisdom.
Order touching 35o,ooo/. upon the sale of bishops1 lands.
Order concerning compositions, and the accounts of Gold-
smiths'-hall.
28. Upon a report of Mr. Salway, further time given for
compositions of delinquents.
Adjutant-general Sadler went to Chester, to transport three
regiments for Ireland.
Forces about Pontefract disbanded, and many of them
listed for Ireland.
Letters that prince Charles was highly entertained at Ant-
werp at the cost of the burghers.
29. The petition of the earl of Denbigh for arrears referred
to a new committee.
An act brought in by the council of state, for repealing the
statutes 23 El. and 35 El. against pretended sectaries, and the
statute i Jac. recommitted.
Order for payment of the salaries to the judges of the
admiralty.
Order to borrow 150,000?. for Ireland.
An act passed for discharge of the commissioners of the
excise, upon their accounts.
Sir Henry Heyman and another readmitted to sit in the
house.
Upon my report, Baron Gates, by reason of his sickness,
was excused from riding the circuit, and sergeant Green or-
dered to go judge in his place.
Power given to the commissioners of the seal to grant com-
missions of sewers, and of charitable uses, as any lord
chancellor, lord keeper, or commissioners of the seal used
to do.
Letters that the enemy had besieged Dublin ; that colonel
Hewson twice beat off their parties with loss to them, and
came off with flying colours ; that colonel Jones sent to Ches-
ter for corn.
That the enemy was within one mile of Dublin, from whence
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 61
a party skirmished with them, and took one captain Duncan
prisoner.
That Londonderry was not in a very bad condition.
30. The lord commissioner I/ Isle, being formerly by the
house made master of St. Cross's hospital, did now voluntarily
surrender it to the house again ; and they bestowed it upon
the solicitor-general Mr. Cook; and ordered augmentations of
means to the ministers and poor brethren, as the lord com-
missioner L'Isle had formerly given.
Debate upon the act for sale of the king's houses, parks, &c.
And voted that St. James's house and park, Theobald's The king'
park, Windsor-castle, and little park, Greenwich-house, castle,
and park, should be reserved from sale for the use of the
state.
And referred to the council of state, to consider what other
houses, parks, &c., of the king's should be reserved from sale.
The new park near Richmond was given to the city of Lon-
don, as a testimony of the favour of the house to them.
Order for saving the timber in the parks, &c., for the use of
the navy.
Letters from Cheshire, that Ormond had besieged Dublin
with fourteen thousand men, and doubted not but to carry it
in a short time, and that divers ministers in Cheshire did
pray publicly for restoring Charles II. to his father's crowns
and honours.
July 1649.
2. A letter from the parliament of Scotland, in answer to Letter to
the letter sent to them from the parliament of England, in
high language and invective against the late proceedings in
England, but desiring that commissioners of both kingdoms
may meet, and treat about a good correspondency between
the two nations.
Referred to the council of state how to prosecute the de-
sires of the parliament of England, and to vindicate it from
the aspersions cast upon them by the parliament of Scotland.
Captain Row, who brought the Scots answer, had tool.
given him.
Divers orders for money, and approbation of the generaFs
allowance of more than ordinary pay, in regard of billet-
money.
A petition of the carmen, setting forth the oppressions and
62 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
exactions of the woodmongers, and desiring to be made a new
corporation of the carmen, referred to a committee.
The 400^. per annum allowed to Dr. Usher, primate of
Armagh, continued.
Order for seventy to be of the lifeguard to the lieutenant
of Ireland, and Mr. Owen to go his chaplain, and his wife and
children to have TOO/, per annum in his absence.
Ireland. Letters that colonel Jones put all the men Roman catho-
lics out of Dublin, that Ormond took in all the country about
Dublin, and put Jones to great wants ; that sir George Askue
secured the harbour for the army to land from England, and
that most of the English joined with Ormond.
Letters that five witches were burnt at Edinburgh, who
had the marks upon them which they had from the devil.
The parliament of Scotland sent a gentleman to the queen
and ch. of Sweden, to acquaint them with their proceedings
with England, and their falling oft7 from them upon their late
transactions, &c.
That they prepare for new levies of fifteen thousand horse
and foot, to be added to the five thousand now in being.
The earl of Northumberland lent me his house at Sion.
3. Debate upon the act for sale of the parks, lands, &c. of
the late king, and officers agreed upon.
Colonel Martin's accounts stated, and he ordered to have
j col. per annum inheritance in lieu of his arrears.
The lord Grey's accounts passed.
A pardon ordered for some prisoners condemned in the
circuits.
Referred to the council of state to take care for bringing
in the arrears of London's assessment.
412 Letters from Dublin that colonel Jones sent out twelve
horse, who charged thirty of the enemy, routed them, and took
lieutenant -colonel Duncan prisoner, and wounded captain
Dungan mortally, and that Ormond stood within half a mile
looking on.
That divers malignants are imprisoned, and the papists
driven out of the town, but their wives and children stay;
that Joneses men killed a captain and lieutenant of Ormond's
horse, took a cornet and four horse, and lost a quarter- master.
That Inchequin wrote to Jones to treat, but he returned a
sharp denial.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 63
Letters that prince Charles near Antwerp was met by some Prince
eminent persons, and presented by the archduke with a sump- C
tuous coach studded with silver, and six gallant Flanders'
mares drawing it, and six saddlehorses of the Neapolitan
race.
That at Antwerp the magistrates conducted him to a stately
palace, where he stayed two days, and was entertained as if
he had been king of Spain.
Letters from France, that the queen of England's pension
was lessened there from 1 2,000 crowns to 7000 crowns, and
no pension allowed to prince Charles but what his mother
gives him.
Letters from Scotland of the strange number of witches
executed there ; that the kingdom was quiet, and in great ex-
pectation of their new king.
4. The act passed for sale of the goods of the late king,
queen, and prince, part of the money to pay some of the
king's household debts, and 3o.coo/. for the navy.
Debate upon a report from the council of state for borrow-
ing 1 5o,ooo/. of the city for the service of Ireland.
Vote that the letter from the parliament of Scotland to Vote.
William Lentkal, esq. doth disoblige the parliament of Eng-
land to proceed with Scotland to a treaty, and referred to the
council of state to draw up a declaration upon this and the
former Scots letters.
Letters of one thousand six hundred and sixty barrels of
beer, with other provisions proportionable, ready at Bristol,
for the soldiers designed for Ireland.
Letters that captain Harris with the Phoenix frigate had
rescued divers prizes taken by the Jersey men.
5. Orders for money for lame soldiers and the widows of
soldiers slain.
Mr. Steele was chosen recorder of London in the place of
Mr. Glyn.
Divers surveys returned of deans' and chapters' lands.
The train of artillery and ammunition was shipped for
Ireland.
6. The account of the lieutenant of Ireland approved, and
he discharged.
I did voluntarily surrender the place of attorney of the
duchy, which the house had formerly conferred upon me:
64 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
the house approved thereof, and bestowed the place upon
Mr. Hall, to hold it quamdiu bene se gesserit.
An act passed for altering the seal of the duchy.
A woman committed to the marshal, and ordered to be
sent by a justice of peace to the house of correction, for abus-
ing sir James Harrington.
Order for a day of humiliation, to seek God for his blessing
upon the expedition for Ireland.
Order for the speaker to give a pass for the Holland am-
bassador to transport four horses into Holland custom free.
Order for the attorney- general to bring in an act to pro-
hibit the transportation of horses.
Order that Mr. Attorney-general, Mr.Steele, and Mr. Hurst,
should attend the commissioners for articles, as council for
the state.
An act passed to settle the master of the mint office.
Yorkshire. A letter from the general to the house, recommending the
desires of the grand jury of Yorkshire to have courts of jus-
tice settled in that county, referred to a committee.
Five hundred pounds ordered for the Dutch officers.
Colonel Allured made receiver of Yorkshire.
Letters from Dublin, that the lord Mohun and his troop
ran away to the enemy. So did sir William Armstrong's
troop, and lieutenant - colonel Yeoman's troop. That Dro-
gheda and divers other of the parliament's garrisons were be-
sieged, and could not hold out, nor was colonel Jones able to
relieve them. That colonel Trevor and divers others out of
colonel Monk's quarters went to the enemy. That all mar-
kets were hindered, and all provision very scarce and dear.
Letters from Brussels, that the Scots king was gone for
France to salute the king and queen, and thence to go to the
queen his mother, who sent to him Piercy and Jermyn, to let
him know it was the advice of the council of France, and
hers, that he agree with the Scots upon any terms.
Upon complaint to the States on behalf of the Scots king,
that some of the parliament's ships destroyed the Antelope
ship in Helvoetsluice, the States ordered that the king had
liberty to act the same upon any of the parliament's ships in
any harbour within their dominions.
Letters that a fleet of English ships in the Sound fought
with the Danish fleet, about demand of custom, and worsted
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 65
the Danes, but seven Swedish ships coming in, and joining
with the Danes, they worsted the English.
7. Long debate upon the act for repealing several statutes
against pretended sectaries, and who come not to church to
hear divine service, and recommitted.
The lord lieutenant of Ireland had leave, before his going
away, to present several petitions to the house for divers
friends, which were read, and orders made upon them.
Letters from Dublin, that captain Otway beat up Ormondes
horseguards, killed fifty, and took divers prisoners, that
Inchequin besieged Tredah, and was bravely repulsed, and
lost many men.
I went from London to the manor lodge in Windsor-park,
to retire myself from business.
The lieutenant of Ireland presented more petitions to the Petitions,
house, upon which orders were made; and divers of them
were for pensions to many Irish gentlemen and ladies in
distress.
Orders for stating sir George Askue's arrears, and divers
others, and for Mr. Knight, the general's chaplain, to have
liberty to double upon the purchase of deans' and chapters'
lands.
Votes against ministers preaching and praying seditiously, Ministers.
and against the present authority, and to promote the interest
of the children of the late king, or that disobey the orders of
parliament, that they shall be sequestered.
Letters that some malignants at Preston in Lancashire 41 3
proclaimed Charles II king at the market cross, and nothing
was there done against them.
Letters from Ireland, that sir Robert Steuart had taken
the castle of Kilmore by storm, with fourteen guns, and had
lost fifty men.
That colonel Jones by a sally cut off sixty of Ormond's
men ; that sir George Askue kept open the passage by water.
That the lord Inchequin sent a summons to colonel Jones Ireland,
to render Dublin to the use of the king, to which he returned
a smart answer, remembering Inchequin of his former pro-
fessions and engagements for the parliament's cause, and is
now assisting the bloody rebels and papists against the pro-
testant English, for which he advised him to desist, lest he
bring misery upon his own family.
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. F
66 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
10. Upon a report of the council of state, of the want of
powder, referred back to them to consider of some fit way for
the making and providing of saltpetre.
And upon their report, the committee was revived to treat
with the common-council about borrowing 150,000^. for Ire-
land.
The lieutenant of Ireland went out of town in very noble
equipage, with coaches and six horses apiece, his lifeguard of
eighty, who had all been officers, and a great number of
attendants.
Tailors. A petition of the journeymen tailors to the general for re-
lieving their fellows by a meeting, for which they ask his
leave.
Letters from Holland that the Scots king was come to
Paris ; that in all his journey he had such entertainment as
never before was given by catholics to one of the protestant
religion.
11. The day of public humiliation.
Letters from the navy of several vessels taken at sea by
captain Harris, with the Phoenix frigate.
Upon the lord-lieutenant's going to Ireland, three minis-
ters did pray, and the lieutenant himself, and Goff, and colonel
Harrison, did expound some places of scripture excellently
well, and pertinent to the occasion.
12. Long debate about the act for sale of the king^s lands.
The common-council provided to lend the parliament
150,000^. for Ireland.
Letters that three ships loaden with corn were arrived at
Dublin from Chester.
Petitions. A petition of the officers engaged for Ireland, acknow-
ledging the integrity and justice and labour of the house, and
as their last request they humbly pray,
That all drunkenness, profane swearing, uncleanness, abuses of
the Lord's day, &c. may be restrained, not tolerated under their
power.
That proceedings in law may be in English, cheap, certain, &c.,
and all suits and differences first be arbitrated by three neighbours,
and if they cannot determine it, then to certify the court.
That all men's lands and houses may be registered in every parish
•with their encumbrances.
That tithes may be taken away, and two shillings in the pound
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 67
paid for all lands, out of which the ministers to be maintained, and
the poor.
That public debts may be paid.
That receivers may account, and prisoners for debts be relieved.
Keferred to the committee to consider what things are
fit to be done before the house adjourn, and the lord-lieute-
nant desired to return the thanks of the house to the peti-
tioners for their good affections, and for their engagement for
Ireland.
An account of the parliament's navy, that colonel Dean
with his squadron lay upon the western road, colonel Popham
between the Downs and Portsmouth, and Blake blocked up
Kingsale ; sir George Askue lay in Dublin road, other ships
northward, and some to secure the transportation of corn and
provisions from Chester, Bristol, &c. to Ireland.
13. The act for sale of the lands and revenues of the king,
queen, and prince, and securing thereby the arrears of the
soldiery, again debated and committed.
A petition from the lord mayor, aldermen, and common-
council of London, acquainting the house that one of the
members thereof, alderman Wilson, was elected one of the
sheriffs, and desired the leave of the house that he might
serve according to his election.
Upon the question it was voted to be left to alderman
Wilson, to accept thereof if he should think fit, and that the
house would look upon it as an acceptable service to the
commonwealth if he would serve therein, according to the
election and desire of the city.
Alderman Wilson being very fit for that place, and freely
elected to it, and a conscientious worthy person, considering
the affection of the city, and that God had blessed him and
his father with the gaining a plentiful fortune in that place,
thought it fit for him to spend some of it, and to undergo
the trouble of the place for the honour and service of the city.
A petition of the well-affected in Lancashire to the officers
of the army, reciting the order of the council of state for
demolishing Lancaster-castle, showing the danger thereof to
the well-affected, praying them to be a means to the general
and to the council, that it may not be done.
14. Debate all day upon the act for sale of the king's lands,
&c., and order to meet on Monday at six o'clock in the morn-
68 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
ing, for the despatch of this act, that the soldiery may see
the care of the parliament for securing their arrears before
they go into Ireland.
Order giving further time for doubling upon the purchase
of deans' and chapters' lands.
16. An act passed for sale of the crown lands, to secure
the arrears of the soldiery.
Order for allowing 3ooo/. to Mr. John Browne, clerk of
the lords5 house, for his losses, and referred to a committee
how to raise it.
Referred to the council of state, to examine a mutiny of
the reduced soldiers at York, and to punish the mutineers.
A petition from South Wales, that when colonel Horton
with his regiment shall be drawn from thence to Ireland,
colonel Martin (or who the house shall think fit) may be
their commander-in-chief, and they will pay his forces.
Referred to the general to take care of South Wales, and
the petitioners had thanks for their good affections.
Letters that the fleet before Kingsale took a vessel of
prince Rupert's of eleven guns, and in her captain Leg and
sir Hugh Windham, captain Darcy, and sixty men, and am-
munition,
That captain Ball took a Holland man of war of thirty
guns, loaden with stuffs and provisions for prince Rupert and
Maurice, and sent her up to the state.
414 Letters that Tredah holds out against Ormond, who puts
the English into garrisons, and keeps the catholics and the
Irish in the field to fight.
That captain Jones out of Dublin fell upon Ormondes quar-
ters, took two hundred horse, killed and took a hundred and
forty men, without the loss of one man, cut their tents, and
retreated to Dublin, whither four thousand quarters of corn
were brought in from Chester.
That the lieutenant of Ireland was entertained with great
honour at Bristol, and the country came in great multitudes
to see him ; that he lay there for a wind.
17. The act passed touching coins.
Upon a report from the council of state, who had consulted
therein with the general, the house voted,
That when the council should see cause, for the safety of
the commonwealth, they might make an addition of forces,
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 69
both horse and foot, to be in readiness to take the field, and
march with the standing army, and they to have pay only
while they should be in service.
Indemnity given to some well-affected justices of the peace
of Surrey, who were sued for some things irregularly done by
them.
Orders of reference to the lords commissioners of the seal
touching coins.
Letters from Scotland, that they resolve to levy a consi-
derable army forthwith, and, as they say, for their own de-
fence.
Letters that colonel Reynolds's regiment of horse and
colonel Venables's and colonel Hunks's regiments of foot
were ready to be shipped.
Letters from Dublin, that the enemy fiercely assaulted Ireland.
Tredah, but were beaten off with the loss of two thousand
men; that the governor went forth with a party of about two
hundred horse, and about fifteen hundred foot into the
enemy's camp, brought away two hundred of their horse,
with some bread, beer, fruit, and sack, but are in great want
of provisions, and can receive none from Dublin.
18. Vote to discharge Mr. Abbot from being register of the
prerogative court, and Mr. Oldsworth and Mr. Parker to have
patents for that office.
Eeferred to a committee to consider what to do concern-
ing ecclesiastical offices and courts.
An act passed for a collection for the propagation of the
gospel in New England.
Leave given to lieutenant-colonel Lilburn to visit his sick
wife and family.
Letters that sir Charles Coot sent forth captain St. John
and captain Taylor out of Londonderry, who fell upon the
enemy's quarters, slew divers of them, and took many pri-
soners.
A declaration passed, in answer to the letter from the par-
liament of Scotland, to vindicate the proceedings of the par-
liament of England.
19. Order for the printing and publishing the act declaring
what offences shall be adjudged treason.
Several orders passed relating to particular persons, and
not of public concernment.
70 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
20. Order for the committee of accounts to allow the certi-
ficates of the several sub-commissioners for accounts in the
respective counties.
Referred to the commissioners of the seal to consider how
moneys may be raised for the repair of Marlborough-bridge.
Referred to the committee of the army to confer with the
general and officers of his army how free quarter may be
totally taken off, and the late act passed for that end be put
in effectual execution, and to give an account thereof to the
council of state.
Letters from Bristol from the lieutenant of Ireland, about
supplies for his forces, referred to the committee of the
army.
Order for 500?. for Mrs. Farrer of her husband's arrears.
Mr. Fell made second judge of Chester, and the lord presi-
dent Bradshaw made chief justice of Chester.
Oder for 4000^. to be paid to divers, who were labourers in
Scotland Yard to his late majesty.
My lord commissioner L'lsle, in my absence, procured
attorney-general Prideaux to move the house in both our
names, that we may have the duke of Bucks' s house, as a
conveniency of our being together, for the service of the seal,
and that we might have a lease for twenty-one years of that
house.
The parliament very freely ordered what Mr. Attorney de-
sired, and referred it to the committee of Haberdashers'-hall
to set the rent for it, which they did the same day at 40^ per
annum, and no more, because of the great charge they should
be put to in the repair of it, it being much ruined by the
quartering of soldiers in it.
21. Letters from Plymouth, of colonel Leg, sir Hugh
Windham, Mr. Kenton, and others, being brought thither
prisoners, to know the pleasure of the house concerning
them. Ordered that colonel Leg be committed in Bristol,
sir Hugh Windham and Mr. Kenton to the mount, for high
treason.
Referred to a committee to bring in an act for government
of hospitals, and to receive complaints concerning the same.
Referred to the committee of accounts to examine the
state of the accounts of the late colonel Thornhaugh, that
the arrears may be paid to his widow.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 71
Order to discharge the sequestrations of the estate of sir
Trevor Williams.
Debate touching the accounts of the officers engaged for
Ireland.
The king's papers taken at Naseby-battle ordered to be
delivered to the council of state.
A plot discovered for the betraying of Portland, Weymouth,
and other places.
The Isle of Man surrendered to the parliament, and the
earl of Derby admitted to his composition for 15,000^.
The lieutenant of Ireland appointed Milford-Haven for the
general's rendezvous of the forces for Ireland.
Letters of the surrender of Tredah to the lord Inchequin
upon articles, the garrison to march out with bag and baggage
to Dublin.
23. Vote to readmit the eleven members to sit in the house
again.
Letters from the lieutenant of Ireland of his preparations
and marches in order to his expedition, and desiring supplies,
especially of money :
Referred to the council of state, to take order for the sup-
plies mentioned in his letter, and for sending speedily to him
ioo,ooo£.
Colonel Oconelly gave an account to the house of the con-
dition of Dublin, and of the good service of colonel Jones
and of sir George Askue: they gave him iooL, and ordered
thanks to Jones and Askue.
Letters that the regiments of colonel Reynolds and colonel
Venables were shipped, and the rest hastening what they
could.
That Dublin was in a good condition, the officers and sol-
diers much encouraged by distributing a great quantity of 415
cloth among them : every field-officer had five yards of fine
cloth, every common officer three, and every soldier clothed
from head to foot, and that they had plenty of provisions.
That two hundred foot and sixty horse of the garrison of
Tredah came to Dublin, the rest took pay under Inchequin.
That Ormond's army was enforced to thirty thousand men.
The plot against Weymouth, &c. was to have cut the throats
of all the soldiery and those who adhered to them, as the go-
vernors certified upon examination of the prisoners.
72 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Letters of store of ammunition come to Berwick by order
of the council of state; that a ship of the parliament took a rich
bark going for Ireland; that the Scots king intended not to
stay long in France, but is doubtful whether to go for Scotland
or Ireland.
24. A report from the committee of the navy of the officers
for the customs in the port of London and the outports, ap-
proved by the house, and the committee ordered to increase
the salaries of the cheque in the principal ports, not to ex-
ceed so/., and in the outports id.
An act committed for settling loool. per annum upon
colonel Martin, out of the duke of Bucks' estate.
The act for settling aooo/. per annum upon the lord
president Bradshaw, out of the earl of St. Alban's estate and
the lord Cottington's recommitted, for an exact survey to be
had of the lands.
Ireland. Letters from Dublin, that they are not able to relieve the
garrisons for the parliament near them ; that of seven hundred
of colonel Monk's men five hundred ran away to the enemy,
because they have money there.
That the lady Meridith, the lady Weems, and sir Thomas
Armstrong's family are turned out of town, because their
husbands were gone to the enemy, and colonel Trevor was
revolted.
25. The young lady Capel's petition referred to a committee.
Petitions of divers persons for satisfaction out of the mar-
quis of Winchester's estate, for damages done to them by
his lordship, referred to a committee.
A letter from the ministers of Scotland to the ministers of
London : the house would not read it.
Order that no private business shall be heard in the house
for eight days.
An act for encouragement of plantations in the West-Indies
committed.
Petitions of doctors of laws referred to the committee for
probate of wills.
Orders touching the rents of delinquents' estates in tenants'
hands.
26. A long account given of all the forces in England and
Ireland, in field and garrison, with an estimate of their pay
according to the establishment.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 73
Voted that the assessment of 90,000?. per mensem for pay
of the forces be continued for three months longer, and no
alteration to be of the prop rtions.
The committee of the army ordered to confer with the ge-
neral about the total taking away of free quarter.
27. A letter to the speaker reflecting upon some members
of the house, for hindering the passing the act for relief of
poor prisoners for debt, referred to a committee to examine
the writers.
The act was recommitted, and the committee ordered to
bring in with it another act for relief of creditors against their
debtors.
The question whether there should be an allowance for a
president of the council for the forces in Ireland, and whether
there should be an allowance for a lieutenant of the ordnance,
were both resolved in the negative.
The act passed for New-England.
Letters confirming the loss of Dundalk in Ireland by the
treachery of the parliament's soldiers there, and that colonel
Monk was landed at Chester.
28. Order for relief of divers inhabitants in Cambridge, by
the committee of the eastern association, for their losses,
having their houses pulled down for the security of the castle
of Cambridge for the parliament.
An act committed for transplanting felons reprieved to the
Summer Islands and other English plantations in America.
An act passed for altering the duchy seal of the court at
Westminster.
An act passed for constituting sergeant Bradshaw, lord
president of the council of state, to be chancellor of the
duchy of Lancaster, and Bartholomew Hall, esq. to be
attorney of the duchy.
An act passed touching the commissioners of customs, and
ordered that alderman Avery, and the rest of the former com-
missioners of customs, shall have the thanks of the house for
their faithful services to the public.
Referred to the council of state, to employ such persons as
they shall think fit to be agents for this free state into foreign
parts.
Debate touching the power of the trustees for the sale of
deans' and chapters' lands.
74 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
The general published divers rules and orders to be observed
by all the officers and soldiers of his army, under the respec-
tive penalties, therein mentioned, for the taking off of all free
quarter and billet in this nation.
30. The act for regulating the excise after a long debate
committed.
The seal of the duchy delivered to the commissioners of
the seal.
Referred to the council of state to preserve the books and
medals at St. James's from embezzlement.
After this order passed, the council propounded it to me,
whether I would take upon me the charge and care of these
precious medals and books, and to be the library-keeper, and
to appoint whom I thought fit to look to them under me.
I knew the greatness of the charge, and considered the
prejudice that might fall out by being responsible for those
rich jewels, the embezzlement whereof would be endeavoured
by many, and my other occasions would not permit me to
give much personal attendance on this business, nor to enjoy
much of the delight of perusing them.
Yet I being informed of a design in some to have them
sold and transported beyond sea, which I thought would be
a dishonour and damage to our nation, and to all scholars
therein, and fearing that in other hands they might be more
subject to embezzling, and being willing to preserve them for
public use,
I did accept of the trouble of being library-keeper at St.
James's, and therein was encourged and much persuaded to
it by Mr. Selden, who swore that if I did not undertake the
416 charge of them, all those rare monuments of antiquity, those
choice books and manuscripts, would be lost ; and there were
not the like to them, except only in the Vatican, in any other
library in Christendom.
The council made an order for me to be library-keeper of
St. James's, and to have lodgings in the house belonging to
the place, and recommended to me Mr. Duery, a German by
birth, a good scholar, and a great traveller and friend to the
parliament, to be my deputy in that place, but at my liking.
I was willing to have a deputy by their recommendation,
being thereby I should be the less answerable, and I appointed
Mr. Duery to have the keys, to go to Mr. Patrick Young the
IN THE YEAH MDCXLIX. 75
former library keeper to the late king, to inquire for an in-
ventory of the books and medals, and to see an exact one
made forthwith of all of them.
An act passed for altering the seals of the custom-house.
Leave given to the lord mayor and aldermen of London to
transport sixty prisoners out of Newgate to the American
plantations.
Letters that the lord lieutenant of Ireland was ready to take
shipping, that a few deserted the engagement, and that
money was much wanting ; that five hundred Irish were
landed at Jersey, designed (as was imagined) to second the
plot for surprising Wey mouth, Portland, and other garrisons.
Letters of many pickeroons upon the northern coast, who
took divers vessels, and much disturbed the coal ships and
fishermen.
Letters from Scotland, that the kirk party much com- Scotland,
mended their new king, and that his coming thither was
expected. That they continued a force of six thousand
men, which in ten days they could make up twenty thou-
sand, and persuaded the people that England was sending an
army against them to be commanded by lieutenant-general
Cromwell.
Letters of a Holland man of war taken with an Irish com-
mission, and that had done much mischief on the sea to the
English, and taken divers ships from them.
My son James went over in a private capacity with the
lord-lieutenant of Ireland, which took off much of envy from
him, and procured him the more credit among the soldiery,
who love to have their officers to rise to commands by degrees,
and not per saltum.
My lord lieutenant at his coming to him said, that he
was the only gentleman of England that came as a volunteer
to serve under him in this expedition, and that he would have
a very particular care and respect towards him.
Upon my wife's death I received this letter from my noble
friend sir John Holland from beyond sea :
For my honoured friend BuLstrode Whitelocke, esq.
SIR,
I accompany you as a mourner in the sad funeral of your lady, but
until this time I heard not of her death ; I wonder not now at your
so long silence, nor yet at your present expression in the apprehen-
76 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
sion of your loss : but I know you wise, and that you know your duty
too well towards Him that sent you this affliction, to be too immoderate
in your passion. We daily pray that God's will be done ; he himself
hath taught us so to pray ; we ought not to pray for what we will not
with patience, yea even with thankfulness, submit to. I did, I con-
fess, very much respect her, not only as she was your wife, which was
obligation enough, but even for her own merit : but the confident
report here of your death, and which through the force of my own
fears had got some possession in me, was a seasonable preparative
for this sad news to make me bear it with the better temper, whilst
I find you alive. The continuance of whose life I heartily wish, both
for the sake of your children and friends, in which number, I hope,
you will ever account
Your affectionate servant,
June 29, 1649. J. HOLLAND.
31. Mr. Lemmon, a member of trie house, chosen by the
city to be one of their aldermen, although he had left the city
seventeen years since, the house left it to himself whether he
would hold to be an alderman or not.
Order for money for maimed soldiers, and for the widows
of slain soldiers.
An additional act passed for the sale of deans1 and chapters1
lands, and to remove some obstructions in the sale of them.
Upon notice that the prisoners in the Kings' Bench were in
some mutiny, some horses were sent thither to suppress the
insurrection : only one woman was killed by one of the prison
officers, and another was hurt.
ioo,ooo/. went from London to the lieutenant of Ireland
into Wales.
Letters from Chester that Ormond was forty thousand
strong before Dublin ;
Ireland. That colonel Monk, upon the enemy's approach towards
Dundalk, sent to Owen Howe Oneal, head of the natural
Irish, desiring him, in pursuance of the articles between them,
to draw his forces together, and to be in readiness when the
enemy should draw near to them.
This was undertaken by Owen; but he sent word back
that he wanted ammunition ; and being come within three
miles with his whole army, he sent out twelve hundred foot
and two hundred horse, who received from colonel Monk
twenty barrels of powder with match and bullets propor-
tionable.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 77
Presently after this, they had information that Inchequin
was coming against them, which made them speed as fast
as they could to their general ; but they were overtaken and
routed ; five hundred killed upon the place, many prisoners
taken ; the rest so beaten and scattered, that few of them
escaped without their death's wounds.
This news was so terrible to Owen and his army that they
all rose in a panic fear, and fled into the county of Longford.
This defeat was given in the view of the town of Dundalk,
and Inchequin sent the news of it presently to Ormond, who
thereupon sent to colonel Jones for exchange of prisoners, and
sent him the news of this defeat given to Owen.
Inchequin the same evening came before Dundalk and Monk,
summoned it. Colonel Monk was retreated thither, upon
the assurance of all his officers and soldiers to stand by him,
except one soldier, who when Monk told them that if any of
them scrupled to fight in this quarrel he might depart, and
should have a pass from him,
This one soldier only desired a pass, and said he could
not in conscience fight in this quarrel : Monk gave him a
pass according to his desire, and the rest promised to be
faithful to him.
But when Inchequin came now before the town, all the 41 7
faithful soldiers ran away over the trenches to Inchequin,
swearing deep oaths that they would not engage with Monk,
who entered into confederacy with Owen Howe, the head of
the native Irish.
By this and many other passages, both in ours and other
histories, we may observe the strange inconstancy, lightness,
and irrational actions of the common soldiery, whom for the
most part money and avoiding present danger carry beyond
any other interest.
These soldiers of colonel Monk's one day swore to stand
by him, the next day every one of them deserted him : money
was to be had from Inchequin, none from Monk; with whom
if they stayed they must fight ; but if they left him they
thought the danger was over.
They had all engaged under colonel Monk, and when he
had demanded of them whether they would be faithful to
him and stand by him, all but one said, that in conscience
they could not leave him, but would stand by him.
78 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
The next day, when danger approached, then they could
not in conscience stay with him, because he was confederate
with the head of the native Irish rebels, Owen Howe.
Yet the same conscience could give them leave to serve
under Ormond, who commanded both the Irish rebels catho-
lics and the English royalists against the English protest-
ants.
Monk's soldiers having thus deserted him, the town of
Dundalk was presently surrendered to Inchequin upon no
other conditions but that Monk might dispose of what was
his as he saw good.
That colonel Mark Trevor was there a great purchaser,
and bought choice sheep for 3/. a score, cows for 30^
a score, and horses for 40^. a score, and so made himself
up a regiment, and was made governor of the town to
boot.
That this defeat of Owen was a great advantage to Ormond ;
that in Dundalk store of provisions was taken ; that Owen
was so enraged at this defeat, that he swore he would be
revenged.
That there were divisions in Ormond's army between the
English and the Irish, for that Ormond gave the lands so re-
gained to the English, and put them into garrisons, but kept
the Irish in the field in most hardship and danger; that
many of the ministers in Dublin are suspected and sus-
pended.
Letters from Scotland, that the levies there were much
pressed on by lieutenant-general David Lesley and his party,
to consist of about fourteen thousand foot and six thousand
horse ; and that they were in great fear of an invasion either
from England or Ireland.
This was a year of great perplexity and danger as to the
public affairs in the cause of the parliament. The public busi-
ness stood on this foot, if the parliament had lost but one
battle, all who were engaged with them had been in danger
of ruin, as to their lives and fortunes ; and though they
gained many battles, yet their enemies still continued of
power to raise fresh parties and new troubles against them.
When they were all subdued, so that not one man ap-
peared in arms for the king, yet many appeared against the
parliament; their own friends turned to be their enemies;
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 79
those who fought against the kingns party joined with the
parliament, and they fought together against the cavaliers.
When they were subdued, then the same soldiers fought
against their own masters and fellow-soldiers, witness the
agitators, Levellers, and mutineers.
Those of the army turned head against them from whom
they had received their commissions to be an army, and bent
their arms against those who had empowered them to bear
arms ; yet God was still pleased to support the parliament,
at least a considerable part of them, and to carry them
through all the difficulties they met with in relation to their
common enemy, though great, numerous, and powerful, and
in relation to particular distempers and insurrections from
that of their own party.
We may from hence take notice of the vast hazard men
undergo by engaging in such affairs as these were, in which
the conquered were ruined, and the conquerors did thereby
but create to themselves new war and troubles.
Success raised in many of them a haughtiness of mind
and a roaming of imagination, every one almost of them en-
deavoured or expected to have his private fancy to be put in
action, and to be little less than princes.
To effect something dreamed on to this purpose many
wits were working; some were for one thing, some for an-
other -j all were violent in their way, and brought in to several
parties and factions.
The army was divided into Levellers and disciplined sol-
diers ; the parliament was divided into royalists and republi^1
cans ; the whole nation was divided into cavaliers and parlia-
mentarians.
The parliamentarians were again divided into presbyterians,
independants, anabaptists, fifth monarchy men, and many-
other persuasions, and none but the most miserable of aH
cures for the sick state, no uniting of divisions, but by a
greater calamity, by the sword.
When the king's party grew up to any strength, then
those of the parliament party united together to oppose the "^
king^s; and when that work was done, then they fell at
variance among themselves.
Thus we find it was by the precedent story, and thus we
shall find it to continue, if God give me life and opportunity
80 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
to continue this story ; and this may be a sufficient argument
that there is neither safety nor discretion for any who can
avoid it to engage in matters of this nature.
We who were engaged in those before mentioned were un-
experienced in these things, and in the consequences of them
slipped into them by degrees, and before many of us were
aware of them, and being once in, were by little and little
plunged further in, and knew not how to get out again ;
But those that have the examples and the warnings of the
age preceding, and have in part known and heard their
fathers relate the deep miseries and calamities of the civil
war in their days and to both parties, will be inexcusable if
ever they engage in such affairs ; and may they never see
again those sad days which have been in those times whereof
we read before !
August 1649.
1. Debate touching accounts, and the assessment of
90,000^. per mensem continued three months.
Letters that colonel Reynolds, colonel Venables, and their
regiments were landed at Dublin.
Letters from France that the prince of Wales was still
there, and that the lord Cottington and sir Edward Hyde
came to him from Brussels with a present of 20,000 crowns
from the archduke Leopold.
4! g From Scotland, that they are listing fourteen hundred
Scotland, auxiliaries, and that their forces are six thousand horse and
foot ; some of them quartered on the English borders that
have demanded their cannon at Berwick and Carlisle :
That they are troubled they can have nothing from their
king but according to the council of the queen-mother and
those with her, who are all for the Irish interest and the
catholics :
And that they are about a declaration to receive all to
mercy upon their repentance and taking the covenant, except
a few only.
2. Order to refrain private business for eight days.
Debate touching the accounts of the Irish officers, and
stating of their pay.
Debate touching excluding all from offices who shall not
subscribe to the present government.
Letters from Ireland that since the landing of colonel
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 81
Reynolds and the other regiments, Ormond drew off his army
further from Dublin, and that Trym held out still for the
parliament.
3. An act passed to enable the committee of indemnity to Acts.
receive information and articles against any justice of peace,
magistrate, or other officer, touching their malignity, &c., and
to cause witnesses to be examined thereupon in the country,
and to proceed to sentence against them.
Referred to a committee to bring in an act to take down
and rase out the arms of the late king in all churches, chapels,
and other public places throughout the commonwealth.
Order for allowing 13007. to a member of the house, to be
doubled upon the purchase of deans' and chapters1 lands.
Referred to a committee to consider of the obstructions in
the sale of the king's goods.
Another member readmitted.
A letter from Hamburgh, of wrongs as to their shipping,
referred to the committee of the navy. And referred to the
council of state to write to the governor of the states of
Hamburgh touching some complaints of English merchants
against them.
4. Debate of an act for admitting the six counties of North
Wales to a composition for a sum in gross.
Debate of an act touching probate of wills, administrations,
marriages, divorces, &c.
Debate of an act for settling tithes upon such ministers as
shall own the present authority.
6. Debate of an ordinance touching ministers, public wor- Debates,
ship, and government, by way of a declaration ; the house
passed the preamble declaring their resolutions for propaga-
tion of the gospel, the establishing presbyterial government,
and the ministers to have sufficient maintenance ; and upon
the question whether tithes should be continued, it passed
in the negative.
Letters that captain Norwood, one of those who landed Ireland,
last at Dublin, sallied out of the town with a troop of eighty
and some additional horse upon sir Thomas Armstrong, who
came with part of four regiments to drive away the cattle of
the town.
That Norwood repulsed Armstrong, killed thirty of his
men, and took some prisoners, and lost but four men.
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. G
82 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That Try m- castle was surrendered to Ormond or Inche-
quin by the treachery of captain Martin.
An act passed giving power to the committee of indemnity
to transmit the examination against malignant magistrates,
officers, or justices of the peace.
An act passed for settling the new commissioners of the
customs.
Scots de- The declaration of the general assembly of Scotland against
claration. those that engaged in the late unlawful war against England ;
and such as persevere in the like designs to be excommuni-
cated, and further punished ; and such as repent, &c., to be
received to mercy.
Letters from Newcastle that there were condemned by the
judges twenty-nine moss-troopers, Scots, that robbed upon
the borders, and other felons.
7. Debate upon the declaration touching ministers and
church discipline, referred to a committee to consider of the
debate of the house, and to bring it in again with the amend-
ments with respect to tender consciences.
Letters of the taking of Trym-castle, and that three hundred
in it went to the enemy, who afterwards took also a strong
house near it belonging to sir Adam Loftus.
Letters that part of colonel Horton's regiment refused
to go with the lieutenant for Ireland, and disbanded them-
selves.
That major Bethel and other officers refused to go ; that
about Chester they feared the malignants rising again.
Letters from Hamburgh, that one Mr. Harrington, an
English merchant, came thither, and designed to trepan Mr.
Crispe, and other English merchants there, and got on board
a ship provided for that purpose, to carry them over into Eng-
land ; but by the contrary winds, the ship being wind-bound,
the rest of the English merchants overtook the ship and rescued
their friends.
8. An act passed for taking of the customs' and navy ac-
counts.
Debate upon the act for poor prisoners recommitted as to
prisoners and creditors ; and the committee to receive any
offers from the judges, or any others for the good of the com-
monwealth therein.
Poor pri- Instructions to the committee for bringing in the form of
soners.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 83
a commission to pass the great seal for relief of those that
lie in prison for debt, and have nothing to pay, but are like to
starve for want of maintenance.
Letters that a woman came out of Cleveland to York, and
there preached several times, and was much admired by some
ladies and other persons of quality who heard her ; but the
ministers were very angry with her.
I came with my company from the manor lodge in Wind-
sor great park to London; I attended the parliament and
the council of state, and the business of the great seal;
labour enough for one man.
9. Debate of an act for suppressing false and scandalous
letters, informations, &c., committed.
Another for suppressing scandalous and unlicensed pam-
phlets, and for regulating the press.
Upon the motion of colonel Martin, ordered, that the re-
galia of the crown be delivered up to the trustees for sale of
the king's goods, to raise money for the service of Ireland.
10. The act passed for admitting the delinquents of North
Wales to composition for a certain fine.
Letters from Milford Haven from the lieutenant of Ireland,
giving the house an account of his proceedings, and the
readiness of his forces.
Upon a report from the council of state, and letters to them 419
from the lieutenant of Ireland, concerning major-general
Monk's making a peace with Owen Hoe Oneal, which the
council disapproved, and reported to the house to know their
pleasure therein.
Major-general Monk was called into the house, and asked Monkques-
several questions by their order, which he answered at the
bar of the house touching that business. After a long debate
of it, the house upon the question passed this vote, that they Vote,
did disapprove of what major-general Monk had done in
concluding a peace with the grand and bloody Irish rebel
Owen Howe Oneal, and did abhor the having any thing to do
with him therein ;
Yet are verily persuaded that the making the same by the
said major-general Monk was in his judgment for the most
advantage of the English interest in that nation ; and that
he shall not be further questioned for the same for the time
to come.
G 2
84 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Order that the report of the council of state, the ques-
tions demanded of major-general Monk, with his answers
and the votes of the house thereupon, be printed and pub-
lished.
Major-general Monk was much discontented at the pro-
ceeding in this business in relation to him, especially at some
passages highly reflecting upon his honour and fidelity.
And it was the opinion of divers, either not at all to have
questioned this business, or having once questioned it, not to
have employed him any more in their service.
But the major part carried it thus, to beat him, and after-
wards to stroke him, which some did think was never for-
gotten by him.
11. The house sat not.
Dublin. Letters from Dublin to the house and to the council of
state, that the first of August the enemy began his approaches
near to the town, that Ormond, Preston, and the chief of
their army, were that night at a work begun eastward of the
city upon the sea, to hinder the landing of the forces and
supplies expected from England, and had cut off much of
their water and forage.
That the second of August colonel Jones, Reynolds, and
the rest with him, discovered a party of the enemy drawn to
their new work, about fifteen hundred foot, besides horse :
they thought fit speedily to remove them, and advanced to-
wards them with the greater strength, twelve hundred horse
and four thousand foot, because they were within a mile of
the camp, from whence they might have what supplies and
addition of force they pleased.
Ormond That the parliament party soon entered the enemy's new
routed. wor^ yet not without a strong dispute; and most of Or-
mond's foot there were slain and taken, their horse having
deserted them after the first charge.
That Jones and his party pursuing their advantage, be-
came at last engaged with Ormond' s whole army, which after
two hours' fight they totally routed. That they slew on the
place and in the chase four thousand, and took two thousand
five hundred and seventeen prisoners, most of them Inche-
quin's English and runaways. That they got one whole
cannon, three demi-cannons, one long gun carrying a ball of
twelve pounds, one sakerdrake, and one mortar piece, all of
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 85
them of brass, some train carriages, and about two hundred
draught oxen for the train.
That the strength of the enemy was since acknowledged to
be nineteen thousand. That Ormond narrowly escaped.
That of the parliament's party there were not twenty
missing, but many wounded; the greatest loss fell on the
horse, wherein Jones's regiment did much suffer, which he
desired might be considered.
That Jones intended not to have engaged so far, nor did
Ormond expect it, but would have declined it, reserving
themselves for the coming up of Clanricard with three thou-
sand Connaught forces, and of the laird of Ardes with seven
thousand Scots, all ready for marching, and of Inchequin,
with two more regiments from Munster.
That there never was any day in Ireland like this, to the
confusion of the Irish, and raising up the spirits of the Eng-
lish, and restoring their interest, which from their first foot-
ing in Ireland was never in so low a condition as at that
time, there not being any one considerable landingplace left
for them, but Dublin only, and that almost lost.
Captain Otway, who brought this intelligence to the coun-
cil, and did gallant service in the action, did bring other
letters to the same purpose, and which did further relate,
that Ormond was at tables in his quarters when the first
news came of the beating up of his guard, and answered
the messenger, he wished the rebels would come, that they
might have some sport with them, and so went on in his
game.
But a second messenger bringing news of the routing of
his party, he left his play, and got two or three regiments to
engage, but they being defeated he and the rest fled.
That colonel Reynolds after he had taken Ormond's bro-
ther threatened to pistol him if he would not show him
Ormond, which he did at a distance, with about seven horse
in company.
That colonel Reynolds and captain Otway pursued them,
and came so near as to charge them, and brought one of
them, a Frenchman, off with them, but the rest, with the mar-
quis, being well horsed, escaped.
That the plunder of the field was so rich, that the camp
was like a fair ; cloth, silk, and all manner of clothes to be
86 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
sold; and at Dublin, the officers did not know their own
soldiers, they were become so gallant ; they had good store of
wine, which they drank in their hats, knocking out the heads
of the vessels.
That they took Ormondes cabinet, with his letters and
papers of concernment, and divers prisoners of quality, be-
sides six lieutenant-colonels, eight majors, forty-one captains,
fifty-eight lieutenants, forty -two ensigns, and a great number
of other officers, and two thousand one hundred common
soldiers.
That the enemy at their marching off had quit several gar-
risons ; that a day of thanksgiving was appointed at Dublin
for this victory ; after which, colonel Jones and the rest in-
tended to march out again.
13. The house did not sit.
Scotland. Letters from Scotland, that the general assembly there
had published a remonstrance or declaration of the grounds
of their late proceedings, and of their intentions for main-
tenance of the government, settling church discipline, and
keeping good correspondence with England, &c.
Monk. Much labour was by major-general Monk's friends for the
clearing him from the reflection upon him by his cessation
with Owen Roe Oneal, for which end they caused the articles
of that cessation to be printed and published, together with
the reasons which induced major-general Monk to make that
cessation :
Yet all would not serve, but it stuck with many to his
420 prejudice, who both suspected colonel Monk's fidelity, and
sharply inveighed against any peace made by those of the
parliament's party with the bloody and execrable Irish rebels.
14. Upon reading the letters from Dublin in the house,
they ordered a day of public thanksgiving for that great
victory.
That an act be brought in for settling loooL per annum
land upon lieutenant-general Jones and his heirs; that thanks
be sent to him and the rest for that good service.
Jones. That the council of state prepare the letter of thanks to be
signed by the speaker, and do take into consideration the
request of lieutenant-general Jones for continuing sir George
Askue vice-admiral of the Irish seas.
That it be referred to the trustees for sale of the king's
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 87
goods, to choose six of the best horses in Tilbury race for
lieutenant-general Jones, as a gratuity from the house.
That 200/. be given to captain Otway who brought the
letters.
The petitions of the brewers referred to the committee of
excise, and they to bring in a new model for the excise.
The act passed for the more speedy collecting of the ex-
cise.
Order for some pensions to be continued to soldiers' wives ;
And for some scandalous pamphlets, and their authors to
be examined and punished, and that Mr. Caughton, a London
minister now in prison, be discharged.
Letters from Chester that Ormond was rallied to twelve
thousand men, and had taken in some forts.
Letters from Cardiffe, that divers of the lieutenant of Ire-
land's soldiers went away from him.
That colonel Cook's regiment was in a great mutiny at
Minehead, and many of them went away, but the captain
appeased the mutiny, and forced his men on shipboard.
15. A petition of the earl and countess of Thommond,
touching a debt from the earl of Peterborough, referred to a
committee.
An act passed for settling 2ooo/. per* annum upon the lord
president Bradshaw, another for iooo/. per annum upon
colonel Martin out of Eynsham.
Another for 2ooo/. per annum upon major-general Skippon.
The act published for the composition of the delinquents
of North Wales for 24,000^.
Letters from Ireland, that the parliament having sent some
corn and two hundred soldiers to Londonderry, and two of
sir Charles Coot's brothers being come to him with seven
hundred horse, he sallied out of the town, and scoured the
country for seven miles on all sides of the city, took many
cows and prisoners, and killed all whom he found in arms^
then returned to Derry.
16. A petition from the general and his council of officers Petition.
to the house, praying first,
1. That all penal statutes formerly made, and late ordinances,
whereby many conscientious people are molested, and the propaga-
tion of the gospel hindered, may be removed.
2. That it is not their meaning, that the liberty desired by them
88 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
should extend to the toleration of popery, prelacy, the Book of
Common Prayer, public scorn and contempt of God and his word.
But desire that all open acts of profaneness or drunkenness,
swearing, uncleanness, and the like, be vigorously proceeded against
and punished in all persons whatsoever.
3 . That upon the sense of the late great mercy in Ireland, they
would extend favour to those in restraint who have formerly served
them and this nation against the common enemy,, and for the future
all disturbers of the public peace to be vigorously proceeded against.
4. That speedy consideration may be had of the great oppressions,
by reason of the multiplicity of unnecessary laws, with their intri-
cacies and delays, which tend to the profit of some particular men,
but much to the expense and damage of the whole.
Answer. Colonel Goffe and Pride, and other officers who presented
this petition, were called in to the bar, and the speaker by
command of the house gave them thanks for their constant
good affections, and in particular for this petition ;
Acquainting them that the house had the things desired
already under consideration, and that this petition should
hasten the granting the same with all possible speed and con-
venience.
Votes. Then it was voted, that all penal statutes and ordinances,
whereby many conscientious people are much molested and
the propagation of the gospel hindered, may be removed, and
referred to the committee for bringing in an act for ease of
tender consciences, to bring in the act according to this de-
bate.
And referred it to a committee, who are to bring in an act
of pardon, to comprise herein the three proposals of this
petition.
And referred to the committee concerning the laws of the
land, to consider of the fourth proposal of this petition.
The act passed for paying 3500^. to the widow of Mr.
Blackstone, a member of the house.
An order for Mr. Hall, attorney of the duchy, to have
the privilege to plead within the bar.
The like order was made for Mr. Steele, and also to be
freed from his reading.
Order that Mr. Stevens, a member of the house and a
common lawyer, be made judge of the admiralty ; for which
place he was not very fit.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 89
A declaration and narrative passed of the grounds and
reasons for setting apart a day of public thanksgiving.
17. Debate of the act for payment of the arrears of colonel
Thornhaugh deceased.
Order for the sergeants' men to disperse the copies of the
act for the thanksgiving day, and referred to the council of
state to consider how the house may be eased of this trouble
for the future,, and to give order for the dispersing of papers
upon the like occasions.
The accounts of colonel Willoughby referred to be audited.
A petition of mariners referred to a committee.
An act passed for settling loooL per annum upon lieute-
nant-general Jones.
Order for an act to settle 500?. per annum, out of the Irish Sir Charles
rebels' lands, upon sir Charles Coot.
An act passed for the payment of the arrears to the Eng-
lish officers in Ireland, for their former services in England.
The house adjourned for three days.
18. Letters of confirmation of raising the siege before
Londonderry by sir Charles Coot's brother, in which service
many of the enemy were taken prisoners, and divers slain.
Letters from Chester, that colonel Jones was again gone
out of Dublin to besiege Drogheda, that Ormond had dis-42i
mounted most of the Irish for not fighting, and had turned
all the English out of Trym-castle.
That the lord-lieutenant of Ireland was embarked with his
army.
The house being adjourned, Mr. Speaker, my brother com- Chancery,
missioner Keeble, Mr. Chute, Mr. Adams, Mr. Steele, and I,
by appointment, met in the morning at Mr. Attorney Ge-
neral's house, where we conferred together about the making
new rules for reformation of the proceedings in chancery, and
agreed upon some general points, which we referred to some
of the company to draw up into form.
Mr. Attorney, as was usual with him, gave us great enter-
tainment at dinner; and in the evening I went to bed to
Sion-house, which the earl of Northumberland freely lent me.
20. Letters to the council of state of the embarking of the Irish let-
lieutenant of Ireland on Monday last, and of commissioner- ters*
general Ireton on the Wednesday after, with a great fleet,
90 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
that nevertheless they left three regiments behind for want
of shipping.
That the English ships were very forward for the voyage,
and so were the Flemish bottoms when their money was
punctually paid them.
That no provision was wanting for the transportation of
this army ; and there is a considerable stock of money, with
plenty of ammunition ; that the soldiers, whilst they were on
shore, behaved themselves very civilly, and paid for what
they took, and any that were debauched were severely pu-
nished ; that there was much seeking of God by prayer for a
blessing on them.
Letters, that the cavaliers endeavoured to raise differences
betwixt the two nations, but since the news of the late defeat
in Ireland they are very still.
Morrice Letters from York, that one Morrice and one Blackston
stone were arraigned before baron Thorp and judge Puleston for
levying war against the kingdom ; they pleaded Not guilty,
but desired, as they were martial men, that they might be
tried by martial law, which was denied to them.
Morrice at last said, he would be tried by God and the
country, and seventeen witnesses proved foul crimes against
him. He had two sheets of paper written with matters of
law and statutes, many of which he pleaded, and urged the
case of the war betwixt the two houses of York and Lan-
caster, the difference of which from his case was showed by
the judges.
Then he produced a commission from the king when he
was prince : the judges told him that the prince was a sub-
ject as well as he, and must be tried by the same law.
He was found guilty of treason, and manacled with irons,
at which he said, What, a martial man ironed ! the like pre-
cedent was never before known.
He desired to have a strong guard, saying, Let me be
damned if I escape ; but it was denied, so was a copy of his
indictment, and to have council, or to be exchanged.
He and Blackston were both condemned.
Letters from Chester, that lieutenant-general Jones, having
put Dublin into a good posture, was marched forth with one
thousand horse and three thousand foot, and sat down before
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX.
91
Tredah; that Ormond executed many for runaways; that
the markets are full again at Dublin.
Letters from Paris, that prince Charles received an account
from Ormond of this defeat given him by Jones, and blamed
Inchequin's horse and others that betrayed him, and ran
away; and Inchequin, by his letters to the prince, com-
plained against Ormond for fighting when he was gone from
him with two thousand horse; that Ormond dissuaded the
prince from coming into Ireland.
21. The house sat, and received letters from the lieutenant Tendercon-
of Ireland of his then being setting sail for Ireland, and of- SC1
fering to their consideration the removal of penal statutes
that enforce the consciences of honest conscientious men.
The house ordered the committees to make their reports
touching the ease of tender consciences.
And an act to be brought in for commissioners to be chosen
in all countries, to make choice of fit and able men to be
made ministers, that cannot conform to the present ordinance
for ordination of persons to preach.
Orders about moneys for the maimed soldiers, and about
disbursements for disbanding soldiers.
The house was acquainted with divers papers taken in a
Frenchman's trunk at Eye, discovering a popish design to
be set on foot in England, with commissions from the bishop
of Chalcedon, by authority of the church of Rome, to popish
priests and others, for settling the discipline of the Romish
church in England and Scotland.
Referred to Mr. Attorney -General to make a further ex-
amination of this business, and report it to the house.
Some sent to seize books of lieutenant-colonel Lilburne, Lilbume.
newly printed, were persuaded by him to look to their own
liberties, and let the books alone.
Letters, that the lieutenant of Ireland was safely landed
at Dublin, and all his men with him, in about forty ships.
That commissary-general Ireton, with about sixty ships
more full of men, arms, and provisions, were, with a good
wind, sailing for Munster.
22. Petitions of the miners of Derbyshire and of the earl
of Rutland, referred to a committee.
Petition of the city of London, for more houses to set the
poor on work, referred to a committee.
92 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
The arrest of a member of the house (not one that sat)
was referred to be examined by a committee.
An act passed touching plantations about Florida, near
Virginia.
Complaints. Letters of great complaints of the taxes in Lancashire, and
that the meaner sort threaten to leave their habitations, and
their wives and children to be maintained by the gentry;
that they can no longer bear the oppression to have the
bread taken out of the mouths of their wives and children by
taxes, and that if an army of the Turks come to relieve them
they will join with them.
Reasons against the arresting of men's persons were pre-
sented to the members of parliament.
I sent out my keepers into Windsor forest to harbour a
stag to be hunted to-morrow morning, but I persuaded co-
lonel Ludlow that it would be hard to show him any sport,
the best stags being all destroyed ; but he was very earnest
to have some sport, and I thought not fit to deny him.
23. The arrears of the fee-farm rents of Carlisle remitted
by the house.
French The king of France had prohibited all trade with England :
the English merchants took this as a breach of the league,
and thereupon addressed themselves by petition to the council
422 of state, desiring them to report this matter to the house.
Votes. The council reported the whole matter to the house, who,
upon long debate thereof, voted that no wines, wool, or silk,
of the growth of France, and usually vended in this nation,
shall from thenceforth be imported into any port thereof, or
vended here, upon forfeiture of the goods and ship that shall
import them.
Upon the question whether linen cloth should be likewise
prohibited, it was resolved in the negative, in regard of the
general and necessary use thereof; and they referred it to
the council of state to bring in an act contrary to these
votes.
Lieutenant Letters, that when the lieutenant of Ireland landed at
of Ireland. Dublin he was most heroically entertained with the resound-
ing echo of the great guns round about the city, and great
concourse of people to see him, to whom he made a very
grateful speech with his hat in his hand, and there was a
great cry that they would all live and die with him.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 93
That the next day after the raising of the siege of London-
derry, sir Charles Coot summoned the garrison, that was near
to it, in the possession of the enemy ; and that within two
days the new fort, Slogh- castle, and other forts, were deli-
vered up to him, with the ammunition and artillery, all upon
quarter.
My keepers did harbour a stag. Colonel Ludlow, Mr.
Oldesworth, Mr. Thomas, and other gentlemen, met me by
daybreak. It was a young stag, but very lusty, and in good
case. The first ring which the stag had led the gallants was
above twenty miles.
24. Order for 2ol. for the burial of Mr. Powel, a reduced
officer.
A letter from sir Charles Coot to the house, that Charles Ireland.
Coot his brother had concluded a peace with major-general
Row O'Neal ; and his reasons for the doing of it were for
preservation of the garrison of Londonderry and the Eng-
lish interest in those parts.
After reading of the articles, and a long debate, ordered, sir Tho.
that a copy of a declaration of the house, upon major-general ot>
Monk's joining with Owen Roe O'Neal, should be forthwith
sent to sir Charles Coot ; and, in vindication of his honour,
they voted, that they approved of the fidelity, care, and vigi-
lancy of sir Charles Coot in preserving the English interest
in Ireland, and holding out Londonderry against the Scots.
They referred it to the council of state to take care for
the sending of these votes to sir Charles Coot, and for re-
lieving him with provisions and ammunition.
Order for icol. to Mr. King, who brought the letters from
sir Charles Coot, for his good services.
Referred to the council of state to examine the business of
captain Kesar, mentioned in sir Charles Coot's letter, and to
send for and secure him if they find cause.
25. By vote the house declared, that all such English and Vote.
Scots, and all others, that have engaged for the parliament
of England in the nation of Scotland, and have revolted frorn^.
that service, and all such as have or shall adhere unto or join
with Charles Stuart (eldest son of the late king) in that na-
tion, are traitors, and shall have their estates confiscated, and
their persons proceeded against by martial law.
94 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Order for these votes to be printed and published, and a
copy of them to be sent to the lord lieutenant of Ireland.
Order to forbid proceedings in the composition of the earl
of Derby, because he holds the Isle of Man against the par-
liament.
Speaker By two printed papers, and three letters to the committee
taxed. Q£ ^e army for discovery of criminal oifenders, Mr. Speaker
was taxed for an ill member, and that he had conveyed a
great sum of money to the king, and matters of falsehoods
and breach of trust are charged on him.
Army. Upon the order of the general, the officers of the army
certified under their hands, that they never examined any
matter touching the speaker, nor had any order from his ex-
cellency for that purpose to authorize it :
That they find the same business had been judicially heard
before a committee of parliament, and by them reported to
the house, who declared those complaints raised and prose-
cuted false, malicious, and scandalous against the speaker,
and that exemplary punishment be inflicted upon the prose-
cutors.
The officers of the army conclude their certificates, that
they humbly conceive the said information, raised and pro-
moted since the judgment of the house as aforesaid, was a
practice to bring an odium upon the speaker, who hath so
highly merited from the public.
An advertisement published, that if any countryman be
injured by the soldiers taking of free quarter contrary to the
act, that upon complaint to the judge advocate of the army,
and proof thereof made, he shall have satisfaction out of the
pay of the soldier, and protection from the army.
27. The house sat not.
Letters from Dublin to the council of state of some cor-
respondence betwixt the governor of Tredah and lieutenant-
general Jones, and that Ormond came thither with fifteen
hundred horse and two thousand foot ; that Owen Roe O'Neal,
conceiving that he had merited from the parliament, desired
a convoy for his men to serve the Spaniard, but nothing was
granted.
Letters, that the Scots army was full of malignants, and
the nation full of fears; that nothing will give satisfaction
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 95
there but the king's putting malignants from him, and grant-
ing the particulars of the covenant.
Letters from Mr. Peters to the council, giving them an
account of the fleet's setting sail for Ireland, &c.
Lieutenant-colonel Morrice, governor of Pontefract-castle
for the king, was executed.
Letters, that five men of war, wearing the Scots colours,
set upon five ships of the parliament's, killed four of their
men, wounded eighteen, and did much prejudice to the ships.
The governors of the new corporation in London for set- Poor,
ting the poor to work sent their warrants, requiring the
churchwardens and overseers of the poor in every parish to
return the names to them of all such as are able to work,
and have not means to maintain themselves, and of all who
are not able to work, and want livelihood.
28. Order for such as neglect to take out discharges upon
their compositions for delinquency to be taken into custody.
The act passed prohibiting the importing of any wines,
wool, or silk from France into England or Ireland.
An act passed for admitting the purchasers of bishops'
lands to pay the whole purchase money by Weavers'- hall
bills.
Another act passed touching the second 40,000^. charged
on the excise and Goldsmiths' -hall.
29. The public thanksgiving-day solemnized. 423
The lord-lieutenant of Ireland, shortly after his landing at Proclama-
Dublin, published a proclamation, reciting the great mercies
of God to that city, particularly in the late defeat given to the
rebels, who encompassed it round about, and finding that,
notwithstanding the goodness of God to them, yet by profane
swearing, cursing, and drunkenness, his holy name is daily
dishonoured and blasphemed, contrary to the laws of God
and the known laws of that land, and to the articles of war ;
He commands the mayor and magistrates of the city, and the
officers of the army, to put in due execution the laws against
such offenders, and that he will punish the neglect and con-
tempt of this proclamation with the severest punishment of
the law.
30. The act for relief of prisoners for debt was, after a long
debate and difference in opinion, ordered upon the question to
be engrossed.
96 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Debate touching fees and salaries of the officers belonging
to the house.
The arrears of sir Adam Loftus referred to the committee
for Irish affairs.
Letters from Holland, that the prince's men run away from
him for want of money, that two Irish frigates brought into
Dunkirk six Hull ships for prizes.
Letters from Dublin, that the English fleet, which came
thither with the lord-lieutenant, strikes a great terror into
the enemy ; that trumpets came to Jones from Orniond, In-
chequin, and others, but he sent them back with this answer,
that now all addresses must be made to the lord-lieutenant
Cromwell.
French 31. Order that sergeant Dandey, sergeant-at-arms to the
tieTfor- council, do proclaim the act for prohibiting the importation
bidden. of wines, wool, and silks from France.
Debate touching Mr. Warner's case.
An act passed touching the West-India islands, and making
them subordinate to the government of England.
Order for an act to prohibit the brewing of ale or beer
above IQS. the barrel.
Report by the council of a letter from the lieutenant of
Ireland, giving an account of his condition after his safe arri-
val, and laying open his necessities for supplies and speedy
recruits. Referred to the council of state to consider of the
letter and desires of the lord-lieutenant, and to answer his
expectations so far forth as it may not increase the charge of
this commonwealth.
Order for payment of the 2oo£. formerly given to captain
Poulton.
Colonel Order for i soo/. for colonel Fielder, late governor of Ports-
mouth, for his service there, and 1 148^. for his arrears, out of
concealed delinquents1 estates, to be discovered by him.
Sir K. Dig- Upon a report from the council of their opinion that sir
Kenelm Digby is a dangerous person, and to know the plea-
sure of the house concerning him, they voted, that he was
not within the compass of the votes for compounding for his
delinquency ;
And that he be enjoined to depart the commonwealth with-
in twenty days, and not to return without leave of the house
under pain of death and confiscation of his estate.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 97
They also voted that Mr. Walter Montague shall depart Walter
this nation within ten days, and not to return without leave Montague'
of the house, upon pain of death and confiscation of his estate,
and that this vote be sent to him.
Ordered that the commissions formerly granted by the
king and his privy council to Mr. Mayo and others, for ap-
prehending of convicted recusants, be renewed.
The house declared, that if any after the publishing of
these votes shall harbour or conceal the bodies of sir Kenelm
Digby or Mr. Montague, their estates shall be sequestered.
Order for these votes to be printed, and proclaimed in the
city.
Referred to the council of state to take care for the appre-
hending of sir John Winter, he having stayed beyond the time
formerly granted to him.
This being Friday, the house adjourned till next Tuesday.
September 1649.
1. This day the house did not sit.
Letters of some of the trained horse and a regiment of
foot designed for Ireland, yet behind ; and shipping expected
for them.
Letters of a ship in Weymouth harbour that by the late
fierce thunder and lightning there, had her mainmast rent
from the top to the bottom in forty pieces, and the mizzen-
mast quite hurried out of its place, and so broken, that if she
had been at sea it would have sunk her.
3. Letters giving an account of the parliament's ships be-
fore Kingsale, and proposals for a winter guard, and that
prince Rupert hanged ten of his men for offering to go away
from him.
Letters that in Scotland they are framing new letters to be Scots
sent to their king, putting him in mind of the covenant ; but
for his parting with malignants, a few will serve their turn,
and if he satisfy the kirk, he then becomes a godly man.
That those of their party are faithful, and none other. That
they put no difference betwixt malignants and sectaries.
That if the king employ excommunicated Montrose, he will
be left to himself. That they see it will be impossible to
govern these wilder parts of Britain without the name and
authority of a king.
That more and more witches were condemned to the fire :
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. H
98 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
two that day, eleven the next day, and twenty-five burnt
before.
Letters from Chester, that Ireton was designed for Mun-
ster, but after ten days lying at sea he was fain to put in at
Dublin. That Ormond cleared Tredah of all superfluous
persons, and made it as strong as he could. That the buff
coats were in the pulpits of Dublin.
An act passed, prohibiting the bringing of hats or hat-
bands from beyond seas.
An act passed for all officers to take the oath to be true
and faithful to the commonwealth of England without king
or lords.
One Sumner, for counterfeiting the hand and seal of the
general, and cozening the people thereby, was committed to
the marshal gaol, to be tried for it by a council of war.
4. Order to renew a lease for forty years of deans' lands,
for relief of twenty poor people in Lincoln.
Poor pri- The act passed for discharging poor prisoners for debt, who
are unable to satisfy their creditors.
Letters from St. Germain's, that there were great consul-
tations what course should be taken by the prince of Wales.
Letters that four men of war, Ostenders, took four coal
424 ships, and sunk three of them, gave the fourth to forty poor
mariners to carry them home into England, having taken
from them all they had.
Letters from Ostend, that there were great endeavours to
draw in assistance for prince Charles, pretending that Ormond
was possessed of Dublin, and with a very great army was pre-
paring for England, and that the prince was going over to
take possession of Ireland.
That there was a proclamation reciting that by the mariners
there going to the king of Scotland, in hopes of profit, the
king of Spain's navy wanted men, and therefore commands
that upon pain of death no Fleming or Spaniard do serve in
the ships of the king of England.
5. Debate of a new oath and engagement to the present
government.
A proclamation from the general, forbidding the soldiers
to have hounds or greyhounds, or to kill deer or conies in
any chases, parks, or warrens.
I received this letter from Mr. Sergeant Widdrington :
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 99
To the right honourable the lord Whitelocke, one of the lords com-
missioners for the great seal of England, these presents.
My Lord,
I am now in my return from Berwick, from whence I hoped I
might have been able to have furnished you with some Scottish
news, by way of return for the good news of Ireland, which you
were pleased to impart unto me by your letter. I humbly thank you
both for the letter and the news, and must remain your debtor for
both, and for many other things besides. It is not credible that
Berwick should stand on Scottish ground, and participate so little
of the novelties of that nation. You hear more of Scotland in Lon-
don than we do at Berwick. The things we hear of that nation in
this place first go to London without discovery by us, and are trim-
med and dressed there by an intelligencer or diurnal man, and then
we receive them in loose sheets, after they have travelled above five
hundred miles. I met at Berwick with a discovery of witches, by a
Scotchman, who professeth himself an artist that way. I know not
whence he derives his skill : his salary was 205. for every witch : he
got 30?. after that rate. These thirty silly women whom he avows
to be witches, upon their examination, some of them confess them-
selves to be so, but with no harm to any body. Two or three of
them say they were at Preston battle, and made many a Scot fall
that day. I will trouble you no further with this relation for the
present. All these women are committed to prison. I shall, I hope,
be able to wait on you about Michaelmas. I present my service to
your lordship, and to my other lords commissioners of the great
seal. I shall ever remain,
My lord,
your lordship's humble servant,
THOMAS WIDDRINGTON.
6. Order for Mr. Hallowes to have his lease renewed of
lands which he held of the duke of Bucks.
Order giving more time to double upon the purchase of
deans' and chapters1 lands.
Order touching compositions.
Sir John Winter disclaimed the pope and all foreign power, Sir J. Win-
and put himself upon the mercy of the parliament.
Letters that the lieutenant of Ireland mustered seventeen
regiments of foot and five thousand horse, in all fifteen
thousand.
Eighteen soldiers brought prisoners for stealing deer in
Surrey.
H 2
100 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
The act passed for oaths to mayors, justices of peace, and
other officers in this form :
Oath. You shall swear that you shall be true and faithful to the common-
wealth of England, as it is now established, without a king or house
of lords. You shall well and truly execute the office of a mayor, &c.
Divers compositions of delinquents passed.
Letters that colonel Popham lost a vessel, overset with the
foul weather.
Mr. Love was before the committee of plundered ministers,
but the charge against him not proved.
Letters that the lieutenant of Ireland was marched forth
out of Dublin.
Soldiers appointed to be tried by a court martial for
tilling of deer.
Two soldiers sentenced by a court martial, one to ride the
wooden-horse with eight muskets at his heels, and the other
to run the gantelope, for robbing an orchard and affronting an
officer of the army.
Petitions of maimed soldiers for money.
Another of reduced officers and soldiers for their arrears,
referred to a committee.
Levellers. 7. Several gentlemen of the house and of the army, and
others, met with some of those called Levellers, to confer to-
gether, and endeavour a right understanding and agreement
between all interests.
And for the better effecting thereof it was moved that
Walwyn, Prince, and Overton, close prisoners in the Tower,
might have the liberty of the Tower. Which the council
thought fit, and upon their reports to the house it was as-
sented unto.
A petition of the garrison of Plymouth referred to a com-
mittee.
Allowed to the earl of Denbigh ijool. for his charges due
to him when he was ambassador in Italy.
Order for an act for 7ooo/. for the town of Taunton, out of
sir John StowelFs estate, and another delinquent's.
The house adjourned.
8. Letters of some disorder in the garrison of Oxford,
fomented by the Levellers and cavaliers. The soldiers pro-
posed to have a new representative, and this to be dissolved ;
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 101
to have agitators, to maintain the engagement at Triplo-
heath, &c.
Intercepted letters to the lord Cottington, advising the Intercepted
king to a seeming compliance with the Levellers, as the like- e
liest way to do his work ; that they have caused the speaker
to be accused by some discontented prisoners, and that the
best service the king's friends do him is to set on the
Levellers.
Colonel Thomlinson and colonel Ingolesby sent to Oxon
to quiet the distractions there.
Letters from Dublin that the lieutenant was marched with
ten thousand horse and foot towards Tredah, to find out Or-
mond, who, with the lord of Ardes, was very numerous : but
many English came from them to the lieutenant, and such as
Ormond took going from him were presently executed.
One Mr. Williams sent to prison for reading the Common-
Prayer publicly.
10. The council ordered both the general's regiments and
Okey's dragoons, and some other regiments commanded by 425
major-general Lambert, to march to Oxford, to quiet the dis-
tempers there.
Letters from Dublin, that the lieutenant with about twelve
thousand horse and foot, was come near Tredah, which Or-
mond had victualled for six months, and fortified, and put in
it two thousand Irish foot and two hundred horse, and made
sir Arthur Ashton, formerly governor of Beading for the
king, governor of this place.
That the lieutenant ordered ships to stop provisions from
the town, and to furnish the besiegers; that he sent one
thousand foot by sea to sir Charles Coot, and ordered five
hundred horse to march by land to him.
An intercepted letter from prince Rupert from Kingsale to
Ormond of the wants of the fleets, with proposal for provisions.
11. The imposition of four shillings per chaldron upon coals
taken off, for the benefit of the poor.
Captain Wagstaffe gave an account to the house of the Levellers
particular passages in the mutiny at Oxford, how they im- at Oxfor '
prisoned their officers, set guards, fortified New-college, and
other acts of hostility. That colonel Ingoldsby their colonel,
sent to them from the parliament, was put under a guard by
them, and how they chose agitators.
102 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That the secured officers walking near to the guards, after
two days, discoursing with the private soldiers on the guard,
and some of them not well satisfied with these proceedings of
their fellow soldiers, which these officers fomented, and de-
manded liberty to go away : some of the guards were for it,
and others against it ; whereupon the officers forced their way
through the guards, and so passed them, and went up to their
colonel Ingoldsby, and told him how the matter stood.
He with his two men came to the guards that were put
upon him, and without saying much to them came through
them, and commanded the soldiers to march with him, which
they did, and came to the officers in the street.
One of the agitators on horseback killed a soldier who
offered to stop him, and the guard which the colonel brought
with him took the rest of the agitators prisoners : many soldiers
came in to the colonel as he went along in the streets, and
marched with him.
Then he went up to New-college, and commanded the
colours, which were brought to him : he sent for a party of
horse to Whately, and placed his own guards.
The soldiers generally obeyed him, and manifested great joy
that they were thus disengaged.
Here we may note the inconstancy of the multitude and of
the private soldiers, how soon and upon how small an occasion
their minds alter, how little they are to be trusted, and how
much of danger comes by actions of this nature.
Referred to the council of state to give directions to the
attorney-general to proceed against the mutineers at Oxford,
by a commission of oyer and terminer, for treason, and to ap-
point other counsel to assist him, and a solicitor, and to pre-
pare a declaration touching this business.
Order for an addition to colonel Okey's regiment of dra-
goons, to make them up one thousand.
A member of the house chosen mayor of Taunton had
leave to serve in that place.
An act passed for relief of felt-makers and hatband-makers
against aliens importing them to the hinderance of English
manufactures.
12. Instructions about the accounts of Mr. Hawkins,
treasurer of Ireland.
Order to certify the accounts of colonel Rossiter.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 103
Some delinquents sent for from Norwich.
An act passed prohibiting to brew for sale any ale or beer
above los. the barrel, above the excise.
13. Recommended to the general to give his orders to his
officers of horse, for securing by his horse the highways from
robberies, and to apprehend the thieves.
Order for a commission to visit the university of Oxford.
The act for relief of tender consciences against the penalties
of several statutes read and committed.
The troop of horse in Oxford, under captain Smith, con-
tinued for six months.
Twenty shillings per week ordered for the lady Beaumont.
Complaints from Newcastle against taxes.
Petition of major-general Mitton, and arrears and losses
allowed to several persons.
The earl of Salisbury chosen a member into the house for
Lyn.
Letters that the prince and duke of York were landed with
three hundred men in Jersey.
Papers intercepted from Ormond to prince Rupert con-
cerning provisions and necessaries for their fleet.
Letters that the duke of York had visited the king, queen, Cardinal
;and cardinal of France, and was revisited by them, whom heMazarme-
most humbly beseeched to have compassion on the king his
brother, and to give all assistance possible for the regaining
of his estate and kingdom. To which the cardinal made
answer, that it could not possibly be now, but that he might
assure himself, and the king his brother, that when they were
in a capacity to serve him, they would spare neither purse
nor power ; and in the mean time desired the king^s brother
to accept of a small present of 100,000 crowns.
Letters that Ormond was but five thousand in the field,
and had put the rest into garrisons. That the lord-lieutenant,
finding the enemy to give ground, besieged Tredah.
That he did not pursue Ormond, judging it not safe to
march too far into an enemy's country, and leave many of
their garrisons behind him, especially Tredah, which was
very strong, and would be of singular advantage to him, both
for sea and land. The thousand foot sent to sir Charles Coot
were safely landed at Derry.
Major-general Lambert, colonel Baxter, and other officers Levellers-
104 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
went to Oxford, to try the mutinous soldiers there by a court
martial ; those of the country who joined with them are to
be tried by a commission of oyer and terminer.
14. A petition of the countess of Castle-Haven referred to a
committee, who upon proof of the truth of it are to bring in
an act, as the petition desires.
Sir Kenelm Digby's petition carried upon the question not
to be read.
Strickland. Letters from Mr. Strickland from Holland, that the pro-
vincial states there had given him audience as a public agent
from this state.
Order that Mr. Speaker write a letter to acknowledge the
respect to their agent.
Order that a ship lately taken from the state, and adjudged
426 prize, should be discharged by the admiralty, and the sea-
men who took her to be gratified otherwise.
Order for money for such as fled out of Ireland hither, and
to enable them to return into Ireland.
Order for iooo/. for the countess of Kent, for her damage
by the demolishing of Goodrick-castle, wherein, by the desire
of Mr. Selden, I did the countess some service.
Order for more carriages for the regiments gone for Ireland,
and the council to bring it into the establishment.
An act passed authorizing the commissioners of the customs
to impose fines and forfeitures on such as import wines, &c.
from France, contrary to a late act.
15. Letters to the council that Jermyn and Piercy were
imprisoned in France, for holding correspondence with the
Spaniard to the disservice of the French crown.
Order for Somerset house to be the head quarters of the
army.
Orders of the council for supplies of horse, saddles, pistols,
&c. for the lord-lieutenant.
Irish Letters that many of Ormondes men came in to the lord-
lieutenant; that sir George Askue sent provisions to Dublin,
and more to the leaguer before Tredah.
17. Letters that the commanders of the rebels were in
factions, and that sir Charles Coot took advantage thereof
to march into their country, and took in divers small
garrisons.
Letters that the lord-lieutenant had fixed his posts and
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 105
begun his batteries before Tredah ; that the garrison often
sallied out upon him, but were beaten back with loss.
That in the town were three thousand footsoldiers and five
hundred horse, and they were victualled for five months.
That Inchequin commits great waste, as far as he dares
venture, about Dublin and Tredah, by burning and driving
away of their cattle, and hangs all he can meet with going in
to the lord-lieutenant.
That Ormond proclaimed, whosoever should mention theProciama-
covenant's subscription, or that the king should not come in,
but upon conditions, should be secured, and his estate se-
questered.
That Mr. Peters the minister was arrived at Dublin, and Mr. Peters,
that at the beginning of the troubles in Ireland he led a
brigade against the rebels, and came off with honour and
victory, and the like was now expected from him.
That the lord-lieutenant, for satisfying of the country
through which he was to march, and that they might not be
terrified with fear upon his approach, set forth a declaration
of his intentions, and to assure the country that none of
them should be injured, behaving themselves peaceably, and
bringing in their provisions, &c.
Letters that fourteen sail of English and Dutch ships were
brought into Dunkirk and Ostend, laden with corn and other
goods, and after the goods sold the masters were forced to
buy their own ships.
That fifteen small ships, of four and six pieces of ordnance
apiece, were manned out of those ports, with commissions from
prince Charles to take the English ships. That the governor
of Dunkirk hath the tenth part of the prizes and the prince
hath the fifth part.
That one of the parliament's ships brought in a new Ostend
frigate, of ten guns, a prize, and an account of the several
convoys. That Montrose is with about five thousand men at
Hamburgh.
That the packet boat, with the keel of a ship striking her,
by a gust of wind was sunk, and the packets all lost, but the
men saved.
18. For an honour to the earls of Pembroke and of Salis- Votes,
bury, and of the lord Howard of Escrigge, members of the
house of commons, ordered that they might sit in all com-
106 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
mittees, of which they were before the lords' house was dis-
solved.
Allowance of 40.9. a week to an Irish officer's widow.
Mr. Noel made sole treasurer atWeavers'-hall.
3OO/. allowed to lieutenant Goddyer for losses sustained
by him, when he prevented the betraying of Tinmouth.
An act passed for trial of pirates and robbers at sea, and
of revolted seamen and mariners.
An act passed for maintenance for the almsmen and free-
school at Westminster ; and by the kindness of sir Arthur
Haslerigge and myself to Mr. Osbalston, he had his house
there, and j ool. allowed him for life.
A letter from the Holland ambassador in behalf of three
vessels loaded with wines, taken by the parliament's ships,
referred to the committee of the navy.
Irish in- The lord Ormond sent instructions to his officers to this
structions. effect .
1. That every man who hath submitted to his majesty's authority
be put into possession of his estate, he contributing to the mainte-
nance of the army and necessary burdens of the country.
2. That the articles of war be put in execution.
3. That no commanders in Ulster do assi me to themselves the
nomination of any military officer, upon pretence of any late com-
mission, but leave them to our discretion as in this kingdom hath
ever been accustomed.
4. Any that speak or act in prejudice of his majesty's affairs, let
him be imprisoned and his estate secured, and information sent up
to us of the nature of his crime, that we may give further order
therein.
And if any ecclesiastical person in his prayer or sermon shall incite
the people to sedition or disobedience, or shall intermeddle with the
managery of civil affairs, or derogate from the present government,
or teach that his majesty is not to be admitted to the crown till he
hath given satisfaction to his subjects, or taken such oaths or cove-
nants as are imposed on him without his consent, contrary to law,
and the dictates of his own conscience ;
Upon proof thereof, without further circumstances, let his estate be
confiscated to the use of the army, and himself be either imprisoned
or banished, or tried for his life, as the case shall require.
5. If there be any whose loyalty is suspected, let the chief in
command upon the place minister to him the oath of allegiance, and
if he refuse, let them secure his person and estate.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 107
6. For enlargement of quarters.
7. Touching forces coming from other quarters into Ulster.
8. Let the siege of Deny be prosecuted by the common advice of
the lord of Ardes, sir Robert Steuart, sir George Monroe, and colonel
Audly Mervin.
19. Orders upon private petitions.
By sentence of major-general Lambert, colonel Okey, and Levellers,
the rest of the officers at the court martial at Oxford, two of
the late mutinous soldiers were shot to death, a third was re-
prieved, and seven ran the gantelope.
The university entertained the officers with great respect,
and presented them with gloves.
That the scholars offered to assist the officers against the 42 7
mutineers, and not above three of the townsmen joined in
the mutiny.
Letters that sir Thomas Armstrong sallied out of Tredah
upon the lord-lieutenant's quarters with two hundred horse,
but were so entertained, that every one of them was enclosed
and taken, except sir Thomas, who escaped by the goodness
of his horse.
That the enemy had three thousand horse hovering about
the lord-lieutenant's camp, but attempting nothing.
That thirty-five of the renegados being taken, ten of them
were hanged in the camp, and the rest were sent to Dublin
to be executed.
Letters that the English merchants in Muscovia were Duke of
commanded by the great duke to sell all they had there, Russia*
and to depart his dominions within a year, and not to come
thither any more, unless in the king of England's name and
by his patents. So great a dislike did he conceive against
the English, and it was fully fomented by the Dutch, upon the
parliament's proceeding against the late king and kingship.
20. Letters from sir Arthur Haselrigge of want of pay for
his regiment, referred to the committee of the army.
Order for Mr. Genner's salary.
Upon debate of a letter from the Holland ambassador, re-
solved not to dispense with the late act against importation
of French wines.
The act passed for the school and almshouses in Westmin-
ster, and the allowance to Mr. Lambert Osbaldstone.
108 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Debate of the business of the miners of Derbyshire.
The act passed against revolted seamen and against pi-
rates.
Another for suppressing scandalous and unlicensed pam-
phlets, and for punishing the authors, printers, and publishers
of them.
Psalms. Resolved that the singing-psalms be not for the future
printed with the Bible.
Levellers. Confessed by the mutineers at Oxford that they expected
six or seven thousand to join with them out of Northampton-
shire and those parts, six thousand out of the west, many
thousands out of Kent, and the whole army to join with them,
and to have these things done :
1. For agitators to be set up again at the head quarters.
2. That tithes be taken away.
3. That the laws be Englished, and another way of justice to be
in the respective counties.
4. That the excise be put down.
5. That prince Charles be brought in.
That they had store of money promised them. Upon the
desire of colonel Ingoldsby to the general, some of the muti-
neers of his regiment were pardoned, and some of the officers
were cashiered who did not come in to him when he com-
manded them against the mutineers.
Letters from Scotland, that the parliament's successes in
Ireland had caused a stop of affairs in Scotland; that all
their eyes are upon Cromwell.
That the levying of their new army did not proceed hastily.
Letters from Ireland, that sir Charles Coot was marched
out of Derry with fifteen hundred foot and four hundred
horse, and had cleared the country fourteen miles about, and
got into the city great store of provisions.
21 . Order for money for poor widows and soldiers' wives.
The act passed for taking the accounts of the kingdom.
Referred to a committee to provide some accommodation
for the earl of Denbigh near Derby-house, in satisfaction of
his right to the wardrobe.
The house adjourned.
22. Letters from Liverpool that the lord-lieutenant had
taken Tredah, and put all to the sword that were in arms
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX.
109
there, and that one hundred and eighty of Inchequin's men
were come in to the lord-lieutenant.
Letters that divers of the levelling party were taken at
Birmingham.
Twenty horse of Hind's company, the great robber, com-
mitted forty robberies about Barnet in two hours.
Divers moss-troopers taken.
Letters, but nothing certain, of the taking of Tredah.
Referred to the council of state to order the militia of the
kingdom for the present till a further act of parliament be
agreed upon for it ; and an act ordered to be drawn up ac-
cordingly.
25. Debate touching an adjournment for certain days, and
about a new representative, but nothing resolved upon it.
An act for punishing of crimes committed upon or beyond
the seas ordered to be published.
26. Governors named for the school and almshouses of
Westminster, the earls of Pembroke, Salisbury, and Denbigh,
Mr. Prideaux, lord commissioner Whitelocke, lord commis-
sioner Lisle, Mr. St. John, and divers others.
Letters from the lieutenant-general to the parliament
giving an account of the proceedings against the mutineers
at Oxford.
Order for thanks to major-general Lambert, colonel In-
goldsby, and the rest of the officers, for their good service
therein.
Letters that sir Charles Coot kept the field, and not any
considerable party of the enemy gave him opposition.
The church of St. Martin's in the Fields was robbed, and
much plate and money taken out of it ; and the church of
Waltham-abbey was also broke open and robbed.
27. The declaration published concerning a happy reforma- Declara-
tion against malignants, levellers, and such as would bring tlon<
in monarchy and tyranny again, and that they would have
respect to tender consciences, who go according to the rule
of God's word.
Order for speedy bringing in the fines of delinquents, and
for the 20,000?. fine upon North Wales, to be paid to the
committee of the army, for the service of the army.
Referred to the council of state to appoint persons in
110 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
every county, with power to suppress insurrections and tu-
mults.
Army hu- A day of humiliation kept by the officers of the army, for
miliation. j^e atheism and profaneness which was crept into the army.
The declaration passed touching the business of Oxford,
and other designs of the enemy against the present authority
and of the good success in Ireland and in England, and to
remit the crimes of many against the present authority, by
discharging them of imprisonments, and prosecution against
them, and referred to the council of state to consider who
are fit to be discharged accordingly.
Letters form Mr. Peters thus :
428 Sir, the truth is, Drogheda is taken, three thousand five hundred
Letters and fifty-two of the enemy slain, and sixty-four of ours.
Peters. U Colonel Castles and colonel Symonds of note.
Ashton, the governor, killed, none spared ; we have also to Trym
and Dundalk, and are marching to Kilkenny.
I came now from giving thanks in the great church. We have all
our army well landed. I am yours,
Dublin, Sept. i$th. HUGH PETERS.
Letters that one Den a leveller, formerly condemned by a
council of war at Burford to be shot to death, and afterwards
pardoned, hath raised a tumult in Sturbridge against the
commissioners of excise, and got together three hundred men
armed with muskets, swords, &c., who fell upon captain Pres-
cot, a commissioner in his quarters, shot him in three places,
took from him and the rest of the commissioners and soldiers
all their money, horses, arms, and clothes.
The general wrote to the governor of Stafford to appre-
hend Den, and to suppress the tumult.
28. The business of the tumult at Sturbridge by Den con-
tinued in the height of it, and they sent into the neighbouring
towns to come in and join with them, and beat up drums for
that purpose, but few came in to them.
29. Letters from Cromwell.
Letters SIR,
from
Cromwell.
from It hath pleased God to bless our endeavours at Drogheda ; after
battery, we stormed it. The enemy were about three thousand
strong in the town. They made a stout resistance, and near one
thousand of our men being entered the enemy forced them out again.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. Ill
But God giving a new courage to our men, they attempted again,
and entered, beating the enemy from their defences. The enemy
had made three retrenchments, both to the right and left where we
entered, all which they were forced to quit. Being thus entered, we
refused them quarter, having the day before summoned the town.
I believe we put to the sword the whole number of the defendants.
I do not think thirty of the whole number escaped with their lives ;
those that did are in safe custody for Barbadoes ; since that time
the enemy quitted to us Trym and Dundalk : in Trym they were in
such haste that they left their guns behind them. This hath been a
marvellous great mercy. The enemy being not willing to put an
issue upon a field battle, had put into this garrison almost all their
prime soldiers, being about three thousand horse and foot, under the
command of their best officers, sir Arthur Ashton being made go-
vernor. There were some seven or eight regiments, Ormond's being
one, under the command of sir Edmund Verney. I do not believe,
neither do I hear, that any officer escaped with his life, save only one ^
lieutenant, who, I hear, going to the enemy, said that he was the
only man that escaped of all the garrison. The enemy were filled
upon this with much terror ; and truly I believe this bitterness will
save much effusion of blood, through the goodness of God.
I wish that all honest hearts may give the glory of this to God
alone, to whom indeed the praise of this mercy belongs, for instru-
ments they were very inconsiderable, the work throughout.
Then he gives an account of his purpose for Wexford, and
concludes :
Captain Brandly did with forty or fifty of his men very gallantly
storm Tenalis, for which he deserves the thanks of the state.
Sept. \6th, 1649. O- CROMWELL.
The council of state ordered that the ministers in the se-
veral churches, to-morrow being the Lord's day, should
acquaint the people. And according to the order of the
council of state, the ministers of London acquainted the peo-
ple with the great successes of the parliament's forces in
Ireland, and returned thanks to God for the same.
October 1649.
1. More letters of the particulars of the taking of Drog- Drogheda.
he da.
That the breaches not being made low enough, the horse
could not go on with the foot, but the foot alone stormed,
and entered the town, but by reason of the numerousness
and stoutness of the enemy, who maintained the breach as
112 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
gallantly as ever men did, and by the death of colonel Castle,
whose regiment was one of those that stormed, (and he was
slain at the storm,) our men were disheartened, and retreated.
Which my lord-lieutenant seeing, went himself to the breach,
and after a little time a fresh reserve of colonel Ewer's men
fell on with the rest very courageously, and God abated the
courage of the enemy : they fled before us till we gained the
town, and they all agreed in the not giving of quarter : and
other particular passages before-mentioned.
2. Letters from the lord-lieutenant of Ireland to the par-
liament and council of state of the success at Drogheda more
particularly :
That sir Arthur Ashton the governor, and divers considerable
officers, got up into the Mill Mount, a very strong fort in the town,
but Cromwell's men got up to them, and put them all to the sword,
having command not to spare any that were in arms in the town.
That about one hundred and forty got into a tower, and being
summoned would not yield, but killed and wounded some of our
men, and when they submitted their officers were knocked on the
head, and every tenth man of the soldiers killed, and the rest were
shipped for Barbadoes.
That these people thrust the protestants out of the great church,
and set up mass there, and in this very place : one thousand of them
were put to the sword flying thither for safety : their friars and
priests were knocked on the head promiscuously with the others who
were in arms.
The letters said further, that in sir Arthur Ashton's pocket
were letters taken from Ormond to him, assuring him of re-
lief in a short time.
Cromwell himself led on his men to the storm : the priests
and friars were killed with the rest.
That Ormond and Inchequin were at variance.
The parliament ordered a day of public thanksgiving for
the great successes in Ireland.
The inhabitants of Wickloe, being all Roman catholics,
submitted to the lord-lieutenant, who marched with his army
to the west for reducing of Munster.
Letters of more moss-troopers taken.
Scots. Letters from Scotland, that Mr. Windham was gone to
their king with as inviting a message as pen could draw or
people send, promising him personal protection, restora-
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 113
tion, &c., and no condition, for so much as subscribing the
covenant.
Several persons apprehended at Lancaster, who raised a429
tumult to keep a malignant person in his benefice.
3. Several votes passed, and ordered to be printed, for re-
payment of money lent upon the public faith.
Letters from France, that prince Charles went from the
court towards Caen in Normandy, and from thence intended
to go for Jersey. That his train was but sixty horses, and
six coaches with six horses apiece, and that many of his ser-
vants and some gentlemen went on foot.
That the prince had but three hundred pistoles left him to
defray the charges of his journey.
4. A letter from the general, with a petition enclosed from Petition.
the officers of the army, being the humble desires of the
council of war, in prevention of the disorderly buying of
debentures of the soldiers at inconsiderable rates. Referred
to a select committee, with power to send for and confer
with such persons as they shall think fit in order to that
business.
The election of alderman Fowke to be lord mayor of Lon-
don, and his being presented to the house with a speech by
their recorder Steele : the house approved the election.
Letters from Salop of their ministers preaching bitter in-
vectives against the parliament.
Letters that captain Dawkins took a Dunkirk frigate, with
four pieces of ordnance, and a commission from prince
Charles.
Letters that a minister and his wife, near Edinburgh, were
lately apprehended for witches.
Letters that the lord-lieutenant upon his march towards
Wexford took in several garrisons.
Colonel Scroope was made governor of Bristol-castle.
5. These acts passed : Acts.
To give liberty of transporting ungarbled spices.
For settling the accounts of the commonwealth.
For redemption of captives.
Order for a declaration to be published to the kingdom,
upon sale of the lands of the late king, queen, and prince.
Letters from York, that some of the reduced officers there
seized upon the person of Mr. Rymer, a committe-man, and
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. I
114 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
carried him away with them ; but being overtaken by some
eminent persons, by their mediation he was released.
Letters that some aldermen of Wexford were sent out to
treat with the lord-lieutenant ten miles before he came to
the town.
That Inchequin would surrender up his forces and gar-
risons, so he might have security of his life and of his estate
of loool. per annum.
That the earl of Antrim would surrender four garrisons
upon condition to enjoy his life and estate.
That colonel Venables was made governor of the north of
Ireland.
That most of colonel Ewer's officers were wounded at the
storming of Tredah.
Prince Rupert having been for divers months blocked up
in the harbour of Kingsale by the parliament's ships, at
length, by reason of his want of provisions, and Cromwell's
being ready to take that town by land, the prince was forced
to a resolution to make his way through them :
And with the loss of three of his ships, he bore out of that
harbour, and with the remainder of his fleet, getting clear of
the parliament's ships, steered his course for Lisbon, where he
was not only protected, but caressed by the king of Portugal :
which so much displeased the parliament, that they com-
menced a war with that prince, doing him many great dam-
ages in the trade and navigation wherein the riches of that
nation chiefly do consist :
At the same time that prince Charles and his retinue, about
three hundred, arrived at Jersey, and was there proclaimed
king. Some few forces were landed in the isles of Orkney
from the lord Montrose, and some came out of Ireland into
the north of Scotland under sir James Montgomery.
Hereupon, and to oppose these forces, the Scots began to
make preparations, though at the same time they were upon
terms of treaty with their king, for whose service these forces
were designed.
The kirk having long before excommunicated Montrose,
strict order was now given for suppressing a declaration which
he had caused to be published in Scotland for justifying of
his proceedings.
Mr. Windram, laird of Liberton, though hardly drawn to it,
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 115
was at length despatched away with a message to the Scots
king : after his arrival in Jersey, he waited for an audience till
an agent that had come from Ireland was dismissed ;
Then being admitted to the prince's presence, he presented Scots
to him the desires and offers of the states of Scotland, which overtures-
were to this effect :
T . That he would sign the covenant, and pass an act for all persons
in Scotland to take it, and to ratify all that had been done there con-
cerning the same.
2. That he would pass divers acts of the parliament of Scotland,
which were ratified by their two last sessions ; as, for his approbation
of their disclaiming duke Hamilton's design, for receiving the several
acts made by the English for the militia, for the kings of Scotland to
have no negative voice in that parliament.
3. That he would withdraw his commissions to Montrose for
raising forces to be sent from beyond seas into Scotland, and to give
present order for the stopping thereof.
4. That he would put away all papists from about him, and let
none be of his counsel but known protestants.
5. That he would appoint some place about Holland to treat with
commissioners from the estates of Scotland, who would send eminent
lords to him to treat and conclude there upon all particulars, and
from the time he should come into Holland they would provide for
him what should be necessary to make him and his train to reside in
a regal manner.
6. That he would give a speedy answer to their desires.
These propositions were much debated by the prince's
council, who were of a different sense concerning them ; nor
could a present answer to them be agreed upon, the prince
having engaged himself to the queen his mother not to do
anything in matters of importance without first acquainting
her therewith, and having her advice about them. It was
thoiight fit also speedily to acquaint Montrose with this
business.
Some of the prince's council were for rejecting these pro-
positions as dishonourable and disadvantageous. Others
were for accepting them, and a speedy agreement with that
party in Scotland which was most prevalent, and by whom
the prince had greater probability of obtaining the crown than
by Montrose's designs, which were full of hazard and un-
certainty.
i 2
116 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Letters also came from the queen, urging, that if the Scots
propositions seemed at present too severe and insupportable,
there might hereafter be opportunity as soon as he had ob-
tained the kingdom, to free himself, at least in some measure,
from the inconveniencies of them.
The main of his counsel tended to this, that according to
the exigence of his affairs, at present, it was absolutely neces-
sary to comply with the kirk of Scotland.
Montrose. Montrose advised the same, and that the banishment of
himself might not hinder it ; but to that the king answered,
that he had found him so faithful, and to have performed so
eminent services both to his father and to himself, that he
could not in justice or honour leave him, and desired him to
urge him no further to it.
In regard the answer to the Scots propositions required
some considerable time, because it could not be completed to
be returned by the laird of Liberton, sir William Fleming was
sent as agent beforehand to Edinburgh, from thence to give
advice of the affairs in Scotland, that thereby the counsel
might the better know how to frame the answer.
Sir John Berkeley and colonel Slingsby were sent into the
west of England to solicit the king's friends to rise in arms
for their prince, and being accidentally discovered by a coun-
try fellow, were apprehended by the committee of the county
and sent prisoners to Truro.
Negotiation The prince had ambassadors with the emperor, the duke of
in Spain. Muscoviaj the state of yenice) the great Turk, and with the
king of Spain, to whom the substance of the embassy was :
1 . That the parliament of England having been in arms against
his father, prevailed against him, and caused him to be put to death.
2. That he being son and heir to the late king, was yet kept out
of his kingdom by the aforesaid parliament.
3. That he desired the king of Spain's neighbourly assistance, and
that he would afford him what aid he could to establish him into his
rights and dignities in the kingdoms.
To this the king of Spain made answer :
1 . That he was sorry for his father's ill success, wishing he had
"been more prosperous.
2. That he condoled with him for his father's death, and was much
affected with sorrow at the manner of it.
3. That concerning the difference between him and the parliament,
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 117
and the rights on the one or the other side, they being matters out
of his territories and jurisdiction, he could not take cognizance of
them, nor should he meddle therein. But for anything within his
own dominions he should be ready to do him what lawful favour he
could.
November 1649.
The prince's continuance at Jersey was by his counsel held
not fit to be much longer, upon these reasons :
1 . Because there was a considerable fleet of the parliament's come Reasons,
already to Portsmouth with store of provisions ; and it was necessary
to prevent the danger that might fall upon them in case those ships
should make an attempt upon the island ; which that they would do
was the more probable, because there were already men landed in
Guernsey.
2 . That if they should lie under that hazard, they knew not where
to expect relief, except all other services should be neglected, and
prince Rupert and Montrose called hither ; which would be the ruin
of their designs.
3. That their removal would give great satisfaction to the king-
dom of Scotland, and be an encouragement to their friends in
England.
4. That thereby they should be the more free from hazards and
dangers, both as to themselves and others, that should make ad-
dresses to them.
The council of state in England had good intelligence of inteiii-
all the transactions of the prince and of his counsel ; which &ence*
they procured by their money, whereof some of the prince's
servants were needy, and would betray their master for it.
The times were licentious, and men took strange liberty to
calumniate all in authority, and to clamour if they had not /-
what themselves thought fit, respecting themselves and their
private interests and concerns, much more than the rules of
right and justice, and the law itself.
When the king of Portugal could neither by force nor en-
treaties be persuaded to cast off prince Rupert out of his pro-
tection, the English admirals resolved with patience to wait
his coming out, and a long time they kept him in there, till
at last want of provisions made them retire and give the
prince room ;
Who immediately steered from thence to Malaga, but in Prince
the voyage, perplexed with extraordinary storms, he lost his
118 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
brother Maurice, who being in the vice-admiral was never
since heard of.
Prince Himself, being again followed by the parliament's admirals,
lost all his ships but two, which his pursuers looking upon as
inconsiderable, and not worthy their time and pains to hunt
after, returned, and left him sea-room to come with them
into France.
The parliament fearing lest now the Scots king should join
interest with the Scots, (which was now generally talked of,)
they had good intelligence of all proceedings in that business,
and provided for a storm from thence, and from those who
probably might join with them from England.
They endeavoured to prevent all trouble which might hap-
pen in England by quartering their army up and down in
the several counties, to be ready to attend all motions; and
to defend themselves from an invasion of the Scots, they or-
dered some force to lie constantly upon their borders.
Cromwell. Cromwell proceeded prosperously in his affairs in Ireland,
took in many considerable places and countries there,, and
gave a constant account of all his proceedings to the parlia-
ment and council of state, and in all his letters gives glory to
God, to whom it is only due.
Parliament. The parliament and the council of state by their order
were busy in making provisions and supplies of men and
money for the service of Ireland ; which caused their busi-
ness to proceed the more happily and willingly on the soldiers'
part, who, without money, are without discipline, and com-
monly without good success.
Lawyers. In the parliament were many debates about reformation of
things, according to the late petitions ; and amongst the rest
of particulars there was a great pique against the lawyers :
insomuch as it was again said, as it had been formerly, that
43 1 it was not fit for lawyers who were members of parliament
(if any lawyers ought to be of the parliament) to plead or
practise as lawyers during the time that they sat as members
of the parliament.
To this I thought fit to give some answers, as I had done
before ; that which I spoke was to this effect :
MR. SPEAKER,
I was unwilling again to have troubled you upon this argument,
had I not been again called up by the mistakes of the worthy gen-
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX.
119
tleman that spake last, to give you a true account of those matters,
and to vindicate the honour of that profession whereof I am an un-
worthy member.
The gentleman was pleased to intimate, that lawyers were hereto-
fore excluded from being members of parliament ; but I suppose he
had not much studied the records of that matter, and therefore re-
lated the discourses of others by hearsay only.
But for his conviction, and for the satisfaction of others, I shall
acquaint you with the clear passages of what he aimed at, as I sup-
pose, and as I find them upon record, which are much more au-
thentic than some (perhaps) table-talk, or discourses at random.
The statute 23 Edw. 3. calls the members of parliament the
learned men, whereof many were learned in the laws, and therefore
supposed to have had that title. But shortly after this, the great
men degenerating in the old age of the same king into several fac-
tions,
And being much offended with those who were learned in the
laws, because they hindered their oppressions by pleading the right
of law on the behalf of their clients, 46 Edw. 3. petitioned, that Rot. Purl.
Nul home de ley pursuant besoignes, en le court de roy, ne viscount ' I3'
pour le temps que il est viscount, soient retournez ni acceptez chivaliers
des countees : ' That no man of law, following business in the king's
courts, nor sheriff, be returned, or accepted knights of shires.'
To this the king answers,
Voet le roy que chivaliers et Serjeants des meaux vaues du pa'is soient
retournees desormais chivaliers en parlements, et gu'ils soient esleus en
plein counte. ' The king willeth that knights and sergeants (that is,
esquires) of the best rank in the county be from henceforth returned
to be knights in parliament, and that they be chosen in full county.'
After this ordinance, and pursuant to it, a clause was inserted Rot. Parl.
into the writ for choosing: members for the house of commons, ~i' s- 2-
N. 4. dorse.
5 Hen. 4. to this effect :
Nolumus autem quod tu sen aliquis alius vicecomes regni nostri, sive
aliquis alius homo ad legem, aliqualiter sit electus. ' We will not that
you, or any other sheriff of our kingdom, or any other man of law, by
any means be chosen.'
According to this ordinance and clause of Nolumus, the sheriffs
have been since excluded from sitting in parliament as members
during the time of their shrievalty, the debate of which point was
had, and full of learning, in a former parliament, in the case of a very
learned and worthy person, sir Edward Coke, whom most of us
knew.
He being made sheriff of Bucks, upon displeasure against him, was
120 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
chosen knight of the shire for Bucks, and sat in parliament ; and I
had the honour then to be a young parliament-man in the second
year of the late king.
The objections against him were, the constant usage not to permit
sheriffs to sit as parliament-men ; their oath to reside in their coun-
ties, the custody whereof was committed to them ; and that their
office was but annual, and so the disability was but for that time only.
But for a man to be disabled from being a parliament-man in re-
gard of his being a lawyer, is to disable him during his life, or his
continuance in his profession, by which he gains his livelihood ; and
they are not public officers, obliged to another attendance on the
public affairs, as the sheriffs are.
Yet it is true, that in this parliament, which was held 6 Hen. 4,
all lawyers were excluded, and none of them returned to serve in this
parliament ; and perhaps, from some general discourse hereof by
others, the worthy gentleman is pleased with confidence to vent his
doctrine and motion.
But in case he did read and understand the records of this ordi-
nance, and of the clause of Nolumus, yet, I suppose, he never looked
into the ground of this business, nor into that which followed there-
upon, wherein I shall hope to satisfy him, and so as to alter his
opinion.
King Henry the Fourth, being in great want of money, summoned
that parliament, and caused to be inserted in the writ this clause of
Nolumus, to exclude the lawyers, because he doubted that they would
oppose the excessive demands which he was to make to the parlia-
ment.
Thomas Walsingham saith,
Hist. Eng. That all the lawyers being excluded, the demands of the king were
pU' * j°4 by this means obtained, and by this parliament was granted an un-
Hypodigma usual tax, and to the people, tricabilis et valde gravis, " a tax full of
trou^e aQd very grievous :" Whereof (the historian saith) he would
have set down the manner, had not the granters and authors of the
same desired to be concealed for ever to posterity by causing the
papers and records thereof to be burned.
Mr. Speaker, this is the precedent intimated by the worthy gen-
tleman, and this was the occasion and issue of that precedent, the
like whereof, I presume, is not wished by him.
Walsingham styles that parliament in the margin, parliamentum
indoctorum, ' the parliament of unlearned men.'
Speed in his history saith, that this parliament was called the lack
learning parliament, either for the unlearnedness of the persons or
for their malice unto learning.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX.
But God hath blessed this nation with such an age of learned men
at this present that former times knew not, and we must acknow-
ledge that though the house should lack all their members who are
lawyers, yet the rest are of so great abilities that there would be no
lack of learning.
Yet, sir, I am sure that the addition of those many learned gen-
tlemen of our profession hath been and will be some help in your
affairs, and will not be despised by any prudent men.
The worthy gentleman was pleased slightly to call them gownmen,
who had not undergone the dangers and hardships that martial men
had done. And truly it might less become the gentleman that said
it, than others, to make that observation, if it had been so.
The ancient Romans were soldiers though gownmen ; nor doth
that gown abate either a man's courage or his wisdom, or render
him less capable of using a sword when the laws are silent or you
command it.
You all know this to be true by the great services performed by433
lieutenant-general Jones, and commissary general Ireton, and many
of the members and other lawyers, who, putting off their gowns when
you required it, have served you stoutly and successfully as soldiers,
and undergone almost as many and as great dangers and hardships
as the gentleman who so much undervalues all of them.
But we are now speaking of their right to be chosen, and to sit as
members of the parliament ; which doubtless is as much and the
same with all other the commoners of England.
The historian last mentioned saith, that the commons of England,
who have liberty in the choice of their knights and burgesses, would
not be debarred thereof by the ordinance of Edw. 3. nor by the
clause of Nolumus inserted in the writ by Hen. 4. But notwith-
standing the same, knowing the lawyers to be equally interested with
them in the public rights and liberties of the nation, have made a
constant choice of some of them to serve in all parliaments.
The lord Coke, 4 Instit. p. 48, holds, that the ordinance 46 Edw. 3.
by the general words of 5 R. 2. stat. 2. cap. 4. and 7 Hen. 4. cap. 15
was repealed.
However, we read not of any parliament (except that unhappy one
6 Hen. 4.) in which the lawyers were excluded : and after not a
few considerable services, both civil and military, performed by some
of them for you, it was somewhat an ungrateful motion now to have
excluded them.
We may lay aside the clause of Nolumus, lest other clauses of
Nolumus, which we find in the writs of summons, do come as near
home to others. Sometimes clauses were inserted in the writs for
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
election of commoners, to this purpose : Nolumus autem quod ali-
quis de retinentia domini nostri regis aliqualiter sit electus : ' We will
not that any of the retinue of our lord the king in any wise be
chosen.'
Though, sir, I acknowledge that worthy gentleman,, and many
others who have been the king's servants and courtiers, have been
very faithful to you, and done you acceptable services, and so some
of them have done in former parliaments ; and I hope you all do
think so ; yet the undervaluing of our profession to be members of
parliament hath less strength coming from such gentlemen than
from others, because some from abroad will be apt to say of them
(though scandalously) that courtiers and king's servants use to sit in
parliament rather to promote their master's ends than their own
country's rights : but such objections are now out of doors.
The like passage with this we are now debating is related in the
Roman story, when the law cincia was made, whereby it was pro-
vided, that for pleading of causes no man should take either money
or gift, and this law was endeavoured upon the like grounds to be
set on foot presently after the death of Tiberius Caesar.
But when some alleged, that this would cause the want of coun-
sellors and advocates,, whereby the poor would be oppressed by the
rich and mighty ;
That eloquence did not come by chance or gratis, without study
and labour ; that the care of a man's own family was neglected
whilst he attended other men's affairs ; that some maintained their
life by war, some by tilling the earth, yet no man laboured in
those callings to attain knowledge, but for the commodity arising
thereby ;
That the meanest of the people endeavoured what they could to
better their estates, and that if the reward of studies should be taken
away, studies also would decay, as having neither glory nor honour.
Upon these reasons the senate thought it not just, and I hope this
senate will be of the same judgment, to take away the honorarium of
advocates, but limited the same to i ooo sesterces, which some com-
pute to about yS/. of our money.
" Neither," saith Tacitus, Annal. 1. 1 1, " did that law continue, or
gain compliance to it." Neither do I think that such a law amongst
us would be to any effect, or have any compliance to it.
But I hope this honourable English senate, and that worthy gen-
tleman, a member of it, will be satisfied with the reasons given in
the Roman senate, (who were very wise men,) and not trouble them-
selves about such new laws, which will be ineffectual, prejudicial to
many, and good to none.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX.
But the gentleman objected, and it is much urged in these times
against the profession of the law and the professors of it, that they
are the occasion of multiplicity of suits, and of delays in them ; and
therefore, after the example of some foreign countries, not to be per-
mitted.
I have observed to you before, that those in power have most rea-
son to be displeased with this profession, as a bridle to their power:
but that the profession occasions multiplicity of suits is as impro-
bable as any other of his reasons or his arguments.
Mr. Speaker, the reason of the multiplicity of suits and law causes
amongst us is the greatness of our trade, which causeth a multitude
of contracts, and those occasion a multitude of lawsuits.
In those countries mentioned by that worthy gentleman there is
not one of his profession, one merchant, nor one contract, for a hun-
dred in England ; that is the cause that they have so few lawsuits
and we so many.
And give me leave, sir, to tell him that in the Netherlands, and
countries where there is much trade, there are proportionably as
many lawsuits as there are in England.
Another ground of what I affirm is, that in foreign countries
every man's estate is disposed of by their law, after a certain rule
and proportion, which the possessor cannot, either by conveyance or
by his testament, afterwards alter ;
As, when one dies, his estate is thus divided by the law : his wife
hath a part set out for her, the eldest son hath a double portion, and
all the other sons have equal portions, and every two daughters have
as much as one son of the whole estate of their father thus divided
by the law :
Whereas with us every possessor of an estate hath power to dis-
pose of it by his deed or by his will as he pleases, which must ne-
cessarily occasion the more differences and suits at law, upon con-
structions of those deeds and wills, and contests of parties claiming,
than where the known law gives a certain rule and distribution of
estates, which none can alter.
Another ground of what I say is the freedom of our nation,
where every one hath equal right and title to his estate, and there is
as full a property to the meanest as to the greatest person, which
causeth our countrymen to insist upon their right and privileges, and
to contest for them with the greatest men, or the prince himself, if
right of law be on their side.
This occasions many more lawsuits than do arise in those coun-
tries where the boors and peasants do wholly depend upon the will
of their lords, to whom they are slaves, and dare not dispute any
124 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
matter of right with him, but tamely submit unto their lord's good or
bad pleasure.
And though in some of those northern countries they have no
433 counsellors at law, as a public profession, because the smallness of
their law business will not maintain them, and the great lords are
ofttimes their parties and judges themselves;
Yet in Germany, France, Spain, and other countries, the doctors
and professors of the laws are in great numbers and credit, and gain
vast estates, though by small fees, yet often taken, and long con-
tinuing. Whereof, particularly in France, there are many prece-
dents.
And if we look so far as the times of the ancient Romans and
Grecians, their lawyers will be found numerous and of esteem among
them ; and when their commonwealth enjoyed the greatest freedom,
this profession was in the highest reputation.
Sir, the worthy gentleman was pleased to mention one thing with
some weight, that lawyers were permitted to counsel and to plead
for men in matters touching their estates and liberties, but in the
greatest matters of all others, concerning a man's life and posterity,
lawyers were not permitted to plead for their clients.
I confess I cannot answer this objection, that for a trespass of 6d.
value, a man may have a counsellor at law to plead for him, but
where his life and posterity are concerned he is not admitted this
privilege and help of lawyers.
A law to reform this, I think, would be just, and give right to
people.
What is said in defence or excuse of this custom is, that the judges
are of counsel for the prisoners, and are to see that they shall have no
wrong. And are they not to take the same care of all causes that
shall be tried before them ?
To that part of the gentleman's motion, that lawyers being mem-
bers of the house should during that time forbear their practice and
pleading, I shall only give this answer :
That in the act which he may be pleased to bring in for this pur-
pose it may likewise be inserted, that merchants shall forbear their
trading, physicians from visiting their patients, and country gentle-
men shall forbear to sell their corn and wool, whilst they sit as
members of this house ; which hath the same reason as to debar
lawyers from their practice.
But I doubt, sir, I have held you too long ; my profession and the
subject matter of the debate will plead my excuse ; and I hope, sir,
that, by your prudence, such motions as these will be less frequent
among us.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 125
December 1649.
1. The affairs in Ireland went on prosperously, and Crom-
well's honour increased with his successes. The treaty be-
tween the Scots and their king began to grow to some head,
and was very likely to take effect.
The parliament went on in their usual way, debating acts,
making references to the council of state for the raising of
money, and providing supplies for their forces in Ireland, and
for the standing army and garrisons in England.
A list presented to the parliament of divers regiments and
garrisons who have subscribed the engagement :
I, A. B. do declare and promise that I will be faithful to the com-
monwealth of England as the same is now established, without a
king or house of lords.
10. Letters that every officer and soldier subscribed the The en-
engagement, and that it was so unanimously done by them, gagern
that not one of a thousand did scruple the signing of it.
II. The general council of the army, being careful that
the soldiers should not be injured in reaping the benefit of
the late act for sale of the lands of the late king, queen, and
prince, made several votes.
For a letter of attorney to be sent to the several regiments, Votes,
troops, companies, and garrisons of the army, and to the
forces in Ireland, and other forces not of the army, who are
original creditors, and have interest in the security :
That attorneys may be authorized for the purchasing of
those lands according to the act, with the opinion and advice
of the council, concerning the letter of attorney, to be sent
to every regiment of the army, and to be signed by them.
The general and officers of the army met at Somerset- Army,
house according to appointment to meet every month, to
seek God for a blessing upon the army, both in Ireland and
here.
Letters from Ireland of the further successes of the army Letters
there, which were to this effect : Ireland.
On the 1 5th of November our army marched over the
river Barrowe, into the county of Kilkenny, towards the
enemy : about three hundred of their men lay at Emstrong : a
party of the parliaments horse and dragoons were sent
thither in the dusk of the evening. At first the enemy va-
poured over the wall, but when the dragoons had set fire to
126 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
the gate, it so quashed them, that they presently quitted the
town, and escaped by boats over the water, leaving the town
to the parliament's men to plunder and possess it.
The parliament's army still advanced towards the enemy's
body, who upon their approach brake down the bridge at
Thomas Town, and this winter season the fords were unpassa-
ble, so that the parliament's could only have a sight of the
king's army, but could not come to join battle with them,
nor proceed in their designs for Kilkenny. In their march
back they took Cnoctofer-castle, and put into it thirty horse
and twenty dragoons, but recalled them, the castle being too
far into the enemy's country. On the igih captain Rey-
nolds was sent with a party of horse and dragoons unto Car-
rick, a walled town, where is a fair house of the lord Ormond's ;
in the town was a regiment of foot and two or three troops
of horse. The dragoons, after a little dispute, set fire to the
gate, and the enemy, both horse and foot, quitted the place
and escaped over the water ; only some eighty Welchmen,
who were in the great house, submitted to mercy, and took
up arms with the parliament.
On the 2 1 st the army marched to Carrick, to pass over the
river where it is fordable. And the 24th of November the
parliament's encamped before Waterford ; presently the lieu-
tenant-general, with some horse and dragoons, marched to
Passage Town, six miles below, where there is a strong fort
that secures the river.
The dragoons fell presently upon the storm, and in a short
time set fire on the gate ; whereupon the enemy within called
out for quarter ; and upon assurance given by the lord lieu-
tenant that they should have quarter for their lives and their
wearing apparel, they surrendered the fort to him, where
were six pieces of ordnance; and the town was of great ad-
vantage to the parliament.
434 The parliament left in Carrick colonel Reynolds with his
regiment of horse, a troop of dragoons, and two foot compa-
nies. The next day after they marched out of it, Ormond
(whom they supposed inclined towards Cromwell) marched
towards Carrick, and besieged it.
The king's forces made themselves sure of carrying the
town, and therefore drew a party of horse and foot over the
water, to prevent the parliament's escape that way.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 127
The Ulster forces undertook the storm ; they came on very
resolutely, and made desperate assaults for the space of four
hours : they set fire to all the gates, and in one place under-
mined the wall, attempting to blow it up with a barrel of
powder.
But through the mercy and strength of God, colonel Rey-
nolds with the rest maintained the town very gallantly, and
beat oif the enemy with the loss of about four or five hun-
dred men, and wounded very many ; he losing not above four
of his men all the while.
God hath prospered colonel Reynolds very much, he goes
out almost upon every party, and behaves himself with much
gallantry and resolution. The parliament's dragoons have
done them great service.
About a mile from Carrick is a little castle upon the river,
where the parliament put six or seven dragoons to keep it ;
Inchequin summons them by his trumpet ; none of them
could read the summons, but perceived by the trumpet what
it was ; and though they could not write, yet without com-
pliment, and in plain phrase, they returned no other answer
but this to the trumpet :
" Bid Inchequin go about his business, and be hanged, for
he had nothing to do with them." And thus, though they
could not return an answer in writing, they did in resolu-
tion.
The parliament's forces were now before Waterford, and
make preparations for a storm when their great guns with
other necessaries shall be despatched to them. Ruisile and
Bandon bridge are theirs. The lord Broghil and colonel
Fair, since their arrival in Munster, have gained many a horse
and foot unto them.
The lieutenant-general and officers received an order of
parliament for stating the accounts, and giving debentures to
such reduced soldiers as should engage for Ireland. In pro-
secution of that order of parliament, and according to the
further direction of the council of state, the general sent his
orders and instructions for the reducing of troops to the
number of sixty, and concerning such so reduced as shall
engage for Ireland, and such as refuse to go for Ireland to
be dismissed, the rest to be conducted into Ireland for re-
cruits for the forces there, and care taken for their present
128 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
pay, and for their accounts to be stated, and debentures
given them to purchase king's lands.
13. Letters from Berwick, that every officer and soldier of
that garrison, except two only, signed the engagement. That
wheat there was at i os. a bushel ; corn and other provisions
desired.
Letters From Carlisle of the want of corn ; that the garrison una-
Scotiand nimously subscribed the engagement ; that they give out in
Scotland that Cromwell was routed in Ireland, and with four
broken troops escaped to Dublin : which much rejoiced them
at Edinburgh.
That they expect the return of the laird of Liberton from
Jersey.
From Newcastle, of the unanimous subscription of the en-
gagement by that garrison.
That many witches were apprehended thereabout of late ;
that the witch-trier taking a pin, and thrusting it into the
skin in many parts of their bodies, they were insensible of it ;
which is one circumstance of proof against them.
From Scarborough, of the garrison's free subscribing of the
engagement; that they see our enemies at sea chase our
ships; desire care of the winter guard.
From Hull, that the regiments, both officers and soldiers,
signed the engagement, not one refusing.
14. Order for ships to convoy and transport the recruits for
Ireland.
An account from Liverpool of about two thousand soldiers
shipped from thence to Ireland.
From Weymouth, that colonel Popham was there with
ships ready to transport colonel Cox's men for Guernsey, and
the men also ready.
Order of parliament for a thanksgiving throughout the
city for the good successes in Ireland.
15. A private soldier sentenced to be shot to death for
killing a man.
In the road at Broadway hills many were robbed and
murdered. A tailor found dead, with seven or eight wounds,
with 505. in his hand, and his horse loose by him.
Directions given to several regiments of horse to quarter
in such places as are most convenient to scour the high-
ways of thieves and robbers.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 129
Letters from Dover, that the garrison freely subscribed
the engagement. That the king of France and those of
Bourdeaux were upon agreement. That the States of Hol-
land intended to disband five thousand horse and foot, and
many of the commanders purposed to come into England,
hoping for entertainment.
17. The general council of the army, after a long debate
about settling the business for the sale of the king's lands,
referred it to a committee to consult with the committee of
parliament, for obstructions in the sale of the king's lands,
&c.
Referred to some officers to consider of a course for pay for
captain Harrison's company of Lancashire men, who marched
with Cromwell into Scotland.
One Vaughan a minister, once a cavalier, then turned a
zealot, then turned against the commonwealth, and preached
that they were guilty of perjury, &c.
Letters that the soldiers quartering about Towcester, and
riding abroad in the night, had frighted away the thieves
from Broadway hills and those parts, to the great content-
ment of the country.
18. The committee of officers had a long debate about
making the way practicable of buying the king's lands, &c.,
appointed for the army's security.
Mr. Penruddock, an agent for prince Charles, was taken
and committed close prisoner to the Tower.
Letters from York, that there was a rendezvous of colonel
Lilburn's party that are marching for Ireland, about one
hundred old blades, stout men, and well horsed, ready for
the service.
An account from Chester of soldiers shipped from thence
to Ireland.
The port of Coventry intercepted a packet of scandalous
books, entitled, The character of K. Cromwell; The Wood-
slock scuffle, &c.
Letters that Montrose having solicited the king of Den- Montrose.
mark and the duke of Holstein for six thousand men to be '
4 i j
levied in their dominions for prince Charles, and for a place
of rendezvous, and free quarter in Holstein, and for shipping
and money to transport them, was put off by them without
obtaining any of his requests to them.
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. K
130 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS1
That from thence he went to Stockholm, to solicit the
court of Sweden for their assistance.
One Hammond, a trooper, according to the sentence of
the counsel of war, was shot to death for killing one of his
fellow-soldiers. He discovered matters of concernment to
Mr. Knight, the general's chaplain, who went with him to
the execution.
^' Colonel Bampfield, an agent for prince Charles, and
that had a hand in the escape of the duke of York, was ap-
prehended and brought to Whitehall, and examined by the
council of state, and by them committed to the Gate-house.
Letters from Guernsey complaining of the want of ships
for securing that island, and relating the French news.
From Dunstar-castle, that recruits for Ireland were rais-
ing there by captain Desborough.
From Scarborough, of a vessel laden with corn from Jer-
sey, forced in thither by storm, and secured by the garrison.
From Plymouth, an account of recruits to be shipped for
Ireland.
From Berwick, that notwithstanding the late seizures and
confiscations of corn carried by the Scots thither, yet they
were still supplied for their money.
Scots. The Scots published a proclamation for restraining the
exportation of victuals out of that kingdom.
20. Some stageplayers in St. John's street were appre-
hended by troopers, their clothes taken away, and themselves
carried to prison.
Several returns were made of subscriptions of regiments
and garrisons to the engagement.
Letters from Rye of the dearness of corn there : it was
desired to have a magazine there because of the appearance
in arms in France.
King's 21 . The general council of the army made several resolu-
tions touching the soldiers purchasing of the king's lands,
and sent instructions about it to the several regiments and
garrisons.
Letters from Plymouth of the shipping from thence of sir
Hardress Waller, with his companies and other recruits for
Ireland ; all which went with great willingness.
Ireland. From Ireland, that the lord-lieutenant was still before
Waterford, had summoned them, but they refused to sur-
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 131
render ; but the inhabitants, to save their estates, which are
very great, would willingly comply.
That preparations were made to storm, and twelve hundred
horse and foot came from Cork to assist the lord- lieutenant ;
that the enemy avoided fighting as much as they could, and
gave out that the prince would be shortly with them from
Jersey.
22. At Tyburn eighteen were executed for robberies, bur-
glary, and murder; one captain Reynolds, who had been of
the king's party, as he was going to be turned off the ladder,
with the rope about his neck, cried, God bless king Charles !
Vive le roy !
The commissioners for articles gave relief to sir Allen Sir Allen
Apsley, governor of Barnstable, who was sued contrary to P86^
those articles upon the surrender of it.
The citizens, at the choice of the new common-council-
men, elected colonel Pride and lieutenant colonel Lilburn
to be two of the new common-councilmen.
24. The general and his officers considered which garrisons
were fit to be reduced, to ease the nation in point of charge.
Letters from Portland, that colonel Cox with his men were
under sail for Ireland with a fair wind.
From Newcastle, that the pirates lay lurking up and down
in those seas, and did great mischief; that one of them went
into the river Tees, and took out of a vessel as she lay on
ground two hundred firkins of butter, and went on shore,
and took divers gentlemen ; but being pursued by a party of
foot from Hartlepool they left the gentlemen behind, and
got to their ship.
From Edinburgh, that the Scots will do nothing till they Scotland.
hear from the laird of Liberton ; that Montrose is expected
in Scotland, which bred a jealousy in their army, which some
would have purged.
That Montrose by his declaration threatens to invade the Montrose.
north parts of Scotland, and to be revenged for the death of
the king, and lays it to their charge that they have sold
him.
From Halifax, that some of the clergy tampered with the
soldiery not to subscribe to the present government.
An account from several places of the soldiers signing the
engagement, but that divers ministers refused to sign it.
K 2
132 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Victory in 25. Christmas-day the house sat, and letters came from
*[$/ Chester, that from the north of Ireland they understood that
about four thousand horse and foot of the enemy, who came
to relieve Carickfergus, were routed by sir Charles Coot and
colonel Venables.
That the Irish were commanded by Monroe, the lord of
Ardes, and the earl of Claneboy ; that one thousand of them
were killed, and five hundred horse taken, and but two hun-
dred of the parliament's forces did fight ; that Claneboy was
slain, or sunk in a bog, being corpulent, and colonel Mont-
gomery and colonel Hamilton taken prisoners.
From Trym, that Mr. Stanly with forty horse set upon
sixty of the enemy, killed about ten or twelve of them, all
reformados, took the lieutenant-colonel that commanded
them, and one more, and many horse.
Other letters of the defeating of the lord of Ardes, Clane-
boy, and Monroe, by sir Charles Coot and colonel Venables ;
that they took all their arms, ammunition, bag and baggage,
killed colonel Henderson, and fourteen hundred more, co-
lonel Hamilton, and most of the foot officers.
That the horsemen lost their horses, and betook them-
selves to bogs ; that the English lost but one corporal and
three soldiers.
26 Other letters confirming the victory against the lord
of Ardes and the rest; and that it was done by only two
hundred men, who were sent out as a forlorn, and fell upon
the rear of the enemy, who fell into disorder, and were
wholly routed by those two hundred only.
Montrose. 27. Letters from Hull, that Montrose was at Hamburgh,
bestirring himself to get forces for prince Charles, but had
little probability to get any considerable number or assist-
ance from the emperor, the king of Denmark, or the princes
of Germany.
28. Letters doubting that colonel Cox and his men, in
their voyage for Ireland, being dispersed by storms, and not
heard of since, may be in some danger.
436 The act passed for taking the engagement by all persons
gagement "throughout the kingdom, with a penalty upon the refusers.
Those in office or public employments to lose their offices ;
others, not to have the benefit of law to sue in any court.
act passed touching the rates upon the excise, in-
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 133
creasing them, to the intent to lessen the other assess-
ments.
The act passed for continuing the assessment of 9O,ooo/.
per mensem, for six months, for the forces in England and
Ireland.
An act passed for the discharge of poor people out of pri-
son who are not able to give satisfaction to their creditors.
29. The messenger that brought the good news from Ire-
land had lool. given him by the house.
Upon a petition of the lord mayor and aldermen of Lon- London pe-
don, touching the late election of lieutenant-colonel Lilburn L^'m.
to be a common-councilman, the house voted his election to
be void, according to a late act, disabling the election of di-
vers persons into offices within the city of London.
Lieutenant-colonel Lilburn took the engagement with a
declaration of his own sense upon it.
Mr. Chetwyn, who procured the election of Lilburn to be
a common-councilman, was, upon some complaint made
against him, imprisoned by the lord mayor and court of
aldermen ; and afterwards, by order of parliament, commit-
ted to Warwick-castle, and an act ordered to be brought in
to discharge him from being a freeman of London.
Some votes passed against other citizens upon the same
business.
Copies sent of the declaration of the general assembly of Declaration
the kirk of Scotland to the king, wherein they reprove him
for adhering to the council of James Graham and his accom-
plices ; and advise him to settle the presbyterian government
and pure worship in all his dominions, upon doing whereof
they declare he shall have their assistance ; but otherwise all
the blood shed by his father will be laid to his charge.
31. Letters that colonel Zanchy had ruined colonel Wo- Inchequin.
gan's party who revolted from the parliament ; and that In-
chequin was got into Kilmallock against the will of the in-
habitants, to gain conditions from Cromwell, giving out his
strength to be greater than it is, he having not above four
hundred with him.
Letters from Exon, that the ministers preach against the
engagement, and that most of the commissioners for the as-
sessment discountenance it.
134 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Letters from Dublin, that colonel Hewson, the governor,
marched out with a party to relieve Anklow, but the Irish
that besieged it run away before he came.
That Waterford pretended to treat for rendition of the
town, and in the mean time took in two thousand French-
men, and then hung out their flag of defiance.
Ireland. That the lord-lieutenant settled courts of judicature at
Dublin, for the present, to proceed in the way of the chan-
cery.
That Knockfergus was surrendered upon conditions, and
but four of the garrison would go with the governor to Char-
lemont.
That the slaughter in the north was greater than at first
reported ; that the earl of Claneboy was not slain, but ren-
dered himself prisoner to mercy.
That the lord-lieutenant left one hundred men in Passage,
a small castle five miles from Waterford, which colonel Wo-
gan, governor of Duncannoii, besieged with five hundred
men; and that colonel Zanchy, returning upon them with
four or five troops of horse, surprised them, and slew all the
party but two, and Wogan, whom they took prisoner.
That four common soldiers betrayed the castle of Bris-
corfe to the townsmen for 7/. ; and captain Codde, the go-
vernor, and all his men, were put to the sword, except the
four traitors, whom nevertheless the enemy would trust.
The general sent out his orders for his soldiers to assist
the collectors in the gathering the arrears of the assessments
for the forces now in Ireland.
January 1£49.
1. Divers returns made of subscriptions to the engagement
by several regiments of the army and garrisons.
L.G.Jones. Letters from Chester of the sad news out of the south of
Ireland, of that gallant able man lieutenant-general Jones,
that he died at Dungarvon of a fever, and was buried at
Youghall : he was greatly lamented.
Letters, that a trooper being left behind by a fall from his
horse near Towcester, some of the townsmen came out and
fell upon the soldier, cut and wounded him, that he is not
like to recover.
Frigates. Tne house ordered the Prince, the Mary, and the Eliza-
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 135
beth to be prepared for sea-service, and other names to be
given them ; and referred it to the council of state to make
the Royal Sovereign serviceable :
And to prepare for the next summer's guard forty-four
states' ships, and twenty-eight merchant ships, to be manned
with eight thousand eight hundred and two men for eight
months'; and to give letters of marque, and to make such fur-
ther provisions, that the merchants may be enabled to pre-
serve their ships and goods against wrongs of other nations.
Order, that all the iron-works in the forest of Deane be
demolished, and no timber felled there, but preserved for the
use of the state.
The lord-lieutenant of Ireland honoured the lord commis-
sioner Whitelocke's son with the standard of his lifeguard, a
reward for the service he had done him when he had the
command of a forlorn, where, they told me, his horse was shot
under him, his hat shot through, and himself hurt with the
but-end of a musket.
2. Jealousies of the parliament's intent, by putting forth Jealousies
the engagement to perpetuate themselves, and to bind up the lament **
hands of future representatives.
Letters, that ministers in the north do labour by their
pulpit advantages to preach us out of our religion and li-
berty.
Confirmation of the news of defeating Monroe, with four
thousand men, by sir Charles Coot, and the surrender of
Knockfergus.
3. Letters, that Montrose had freighted twenty-eight ships Montrose.
from Denmark, with provisions of war and soldiers for Scot-
land ; that the states of Scotland had called in Montrose's
declaration, and commanded it to be burnt by the hands of
the common hangman.
Letters, that both Ormond and Cromwell had drawn their
forces into winter quarters.
4. Letters, much lamenting the death of lieutenant-general
Jones, and confirming the defeat given by colonel Zanchy to
Wogan at Passage, where Zanchy killed eight hundred of
Wogan's men, and took him prisoner.
Account of recruits for Ireland. 437
5. The officers of the army met about removing obstruc- Obstruc-
tions in the sale of the late king's lands, and agreed upontlons-
136 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
some desires to be made to the parliament for further time
to receive debentures within the security, and other matters,
in order to the soldiers' satisfaction.
Two troopers sentenced to death by a court martial, for
taking entertainment money for the service of Ireland, and
running away from their colours, and three soldiers were
sentenced to death at Bristol for killing of a townsman. The
examinations were sent up to the judge-advocate.
An act passed for continuance of the committee of the
army, and the treasurers at war, with the same powers they
had formerly.
The act published for subscribing of the engagement.
Letters from Ireland that the enemy with their whole army
lately stormed Carrick, but colonel Reynolds beat them away
with the loss of some hundreds. And that more execution
was done with swords and staves than with powder and bullet,
their ammunition within being soon spent.
That the dropping weather had made the ground so moist
and rotten, that it would not well bear their guns, so that the
council of war advised to rise from before Waterford, and to
retire into winter quarters to refresh their sick and weak
soldiers.
Jones. Letters from Cork to this effect :
We had a very sore and stormy march hither, and that which
added to the bitterness of it was the sickness of the truly noble and
ever honoured lieutenant-general Jones, who was taken with a very
violent fever, of which he died at Dungarvon the i oth instant. He
was a gentleman very useful in the army, and is very much lacked
and lamented. His approved constancy and fidelity to the English
interest was such and so manifest, that he will very much shine and
be famous for it to posterity.
His straits, hazards, difficulties, and necessities were very many, and
I might add temptations too. Yet he brake through all with unmoved
gallantry, steadfastness, and resolution. His temper and disposition
was very sweet and amiable, and obliging to all. And he had very
much love and respect to all that came lately over.
That colonel Zanchy, at the defeat he gave to Ferrel and
Wogan at Passage-fort, took thirty prisoners more than the
number of all his own party. That they killed all stragglers
by the way, that seven parliament troopers fell upon thirty
Ulsters in a house, and killed all of them.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 137
Many persons were slain, and great mischief done by a sad
accident in a ship-chandler's house, which was blown up with
gunpowder, and divers neighbours' houses together with it.
The speaker and the lord general were feasted at Blackwall
by a captain lately come from the Straits.
Letters from Carlisle that the moss-troopers grew very in-
solent, and committed many robberies and outrages upon the
borders, and were harboured by the Scots ; but some of them
were taken by the parliament's soldiers.
From Berwick, that colonel Hamilton, who was the death
of colonel Oconelly at the storm of Trym, was taken. That
the Scots went on to purge their army of sectaries and in-
sufficient men, that is, such as never before were in service.
8. Letters of the great want of physicians for the parlia-
ment's forces and protestants in Ireland, so that any of them
being sick, were fain to trust themselves in the hands of
papist doctors, which they write is more than the adventures
in the field.
That some chief of the enemy's armies are very zealous to
make their peace with the parliament.
The house ordered the commissioners of the great seal to Ireton.
grant out a petition and patent for major-general Ireton to
be president of Munster.
Order that Mr. Thomas Goodwyn be president of Magdalen Universi-
college in Oxford, and referred to the committee of the uni- ies*
versities to consider how the heads of the houses in the several
universities may be settled and disposed of without trouble to
the house.
Several orders and references to the council of state and
committee of the army touching recruits, and for supplies of
provisions, ammunition, and money for the forces in Ireland.
9. Letters from Newcastle, that lieutenant-colonel Hobson
sent his warrant to apprehend some cavaliers, but they and
the moss-troopers joined together, stood upon their guard,
took away the warrants by force, secured themselves, and dis-
armed the men ; but a greater party of soldiers being sent,
brought them away prisoners.
From Scarborough, that there was a meeting at York of
the commissioners for settling the militia of that county,
where, according to the instructions from the council of state,
they were to raise three thousand foot and four hundred
138 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
horse for defence of that county and service of the common-
wealth.
That the pirates took away a great ship within sight of
Burlington quay, and carried her away.
Ireland. From Dunstar, that the enemy surprised Ensiscoifie-castle
in this manner : that some Irish gentlemen feasted the garri-
son soldiers, and sent in women to sell them strong water, of
which they drank too much; and then the Irish fell upon
them, took the garrison, and put all the officers and soldiers
to the sword.
That upon hearing of this the lord-lieutenant gave orders
that the Irish should be put out of all the garrisons in the
power of the parliament.
That an Irish frigate coming ashore for provisions near to
Cardiffe, the governor suspected and apprehended them, and
sent out a party in small boats, which took the frigate, which
was richly laden with plate and other commodities.
From Wey mouth, that in the night some persons in Bland-
ford proclaimed prince Charles king of England, but some of
them were apprehended and imprisoned.
From Yarmouth, that sixty prisoners that were in the gaol
did break prison, yet all but three of them were again appre-
hended.
10. Account of several companies and parties of soldiers
willing to serve in Ireland, and marched to the seaside to be
transported; and many undertook the service very cheer-
fully.
Three troopers condemned to death for killing a man, but
evidence appearing to extenuate the crime, the general par-
doned them.
The ship which carried the soldiers unto Guernsey return-
ed to the general rendezvous of the ships at Stokers bay.
Letters of account of sea affairs.
11. Proposals for a fleet to be sent into the Straits, to meet
42 8 with those French who have lately taken many merchants'
ships of London, and disposing of their goods, refusing to
make any restitution.
Letters that Montrose could get but few to join in assisting
prince Charles, and those he had were more by connivance
than by any act of state.
12. Several proposals made to the general and his officers
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 139
in order to the removing of obstructions in the sale of the
late king's lands.
The parliament ordered a letter to be written by the speaker Cromwell
to the lord lieutenant of Ireland, and to confer with himse
concerning further supplies of men, money, and ammunition,
and for the settling of the civil government there.
The ground of this resolution was, that the news of the Reasons,
king's coming to Scotland became more probable than for-
merly, and the Scots proceedings in the raising of new forces
gave an alarm to the parliament, and some of their members,
who had discoursed with the lord general upon those matters,
and argued how requisite it would be to send an army into
Scotland to divert the war from England, found the general
wholly averse to any such thing, and by the means of his
lady, (a strict presbyterian,) to be more a friend to the Scots
than they wished : therefore they thought this a fit time to
send for the lieutenant of Ireland, and the rather his army
being now drawn into winter quarters.
Order for relief of some of those who suffered great loss in
the late unhappy accident of the houses in Tower-street being
blown up with gunpowder.
Referred to the council of state to send a letter into Russia
touching the trade there.
14. Letters from Scotland, that in the pulpits they preach Scotland,
altogether for the king's coming in, and yet proceed to purge
their army of all cavaliers ; that nothing certain was yet re-
turned from the laird of Liberton.
Letters that colonel Hacker had taken sixty moss-troopers ;
that Montrose was expected every day in Scotland.
One Coppe, an anabaptist in prison, a great swearer and
curser, and held that God could not damn him, yet persuaded
many to be of his religion.
Many were drowned in the great floods upon the melting
away of the snow.
15. Letters that the forces landed in Guernsey wanted ac-
commodations of beds, &c., and were fain to lie in a church
ever since they were landed.
That two frigates of the prince prepared from Jersey to
attempt Guernsey, hearing of the parliament's soldiers landed
there, were presently diverted.
Letters from Oxford, that the iudges sat there upon a com- Engage-
ment.
140 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
mission of oyer and terminer, and at the first sitting they and
the high-sheriff, under-sheriff, officers of the court, and grand
jury, all took the engagement in the face of the country
solemnly and cheerfully.
That one of the prisoners obstinately refusing to plead was
pressed to death in the sight of two others who refused to
plead, upon which one of them pleaded, but the other re-
fusing was also pressed to death.
An account of divers of colonel Desborough's men shipped
for Ireland, and of the apprehending colonel Slingsby, and
another officer of the king's in Cornwall, who were carried to
prison till further order from the parliament or council of
state.
16. Divers surveys returned into Worcester-house of lands
of the late king, queers, and prince's appointed to be sold.
Courts 17. The general sent his orders to several garrisons to
irtial. kold courts martial for the punishment of soldiers offending
against the articles of war, provided that if any be sentenced
to lose life or limb, that then they transmit to the judge-
advocate the examinations and proceedings of the court
martial, that the general's pleasure may be known there-
upon.
The commission also from the general gave authority to
examine witnesses upon oath against the offender, and for his
defence.
An account of recruits for Ireland, and returns of sub-
scriptions to the engagement from several regiments and
garrisons.
18. Letters that the mayor and magistrates of Yarmouth,
and all the officers and soldiers of the garrison there, did will-
ingly take the engagement, and that there was great affection
and unity between them.
That the commissioners appointed by the council of state
were settling the militia in those parts. That a Danish ship
of twelve guns was cast away in sight of the town, who
sent out boats and saved twelve of her men; the rest were
drowned, and six of her guns saved.
From Jersey, that the prince intends to remove back again
into France; that his counsel is much divided about what
answer to give to the laird of Liberton's message.
Durham. From Durham, that a written paper was fixed upon the
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 141
market-cross, of the title of king Charles II, &c., and that all
who opposed him were guilty of rebellion, which was treason
in the highest nature, and therefore the authors kindly wished
all to amend.
19. Most part of this week was spent in parliament upon
debates of a new act for regulating the elections of members
for future representatives, and upon a bill for managing and
ordering of the sequestrations.
Granger and others were apprehended for counterfeiting
warrants, and receiving great sums of money collected for the
service of the forces in Ireland.
The generals at sea met at Portsmouth to hasten out the
navy to sea.
The general and his officers made several resolutions touch-
ing the purchasing of the late king's lands.
Several other persons apprehended and committed to the
marshal-general for counterfeiting debentures and warrants,
whereby they received several sums of money from collectors.
21. The general and his officers met, and passed several
votes to be presented to the committee of parliament, touch-
ing the removal of obstructions in the sale of the late king's
lands, and for the examination of the soldiers' times of service,
and what arrears are due to them, &c.
22. Long debate upon the act of sequestrations, to which
the house added several provisos.
Letters from Weymouth about the pirates infesting that
coast.
From Newcastle, that the taking of the engagement sticks
most with the presbyterians. who pretend conscience to oppose
it ; but the cavaliers in policy subscribe it.
That the cavaliers report that lieutenant-general Cromwell 43 9
was sent for out of Ireland, because he was forced from epor
thence, and could no longer subsist there.
From Edinburgh, that Liberton wrote a letter only to let
them know that he was safely arrived in Jersey, but not one
word of the king's mind.
That sir William Fleming came thither from Jersey to see
what posture they were in : that many witches were daily
apprehended and brought to the fire.
From Hull, that Mr. Strickland, the parliament's agent in
142 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Holland, finds there a very fair comportment as to the affairs
of England.
From Plymouth, that the cavaliers have frequent and great
meetings. That the soldiers and officers there did willingly
subscribe the engagement.
23. In a meeting of the officers of the army with the com-
mittee for removing obstructions in the sale of the late king's
lands, several things were agreed upon for the advantage of
the soldiery in the purchase of those lands.
Colonel Desborough and his court-martial at Plymouth
sentenced two soldiers to death for running away after they
had listed themselves and taken money for the service of
Ireland.
Letters that a ship, with thirty horse and one hundred
and twenty foot, bound for Ireland, were cast away, and all
drowned.
From King-sale, of Cromwell's viewing several forts; his
taking the mace from the mayor of Kingsale, and delivering
it to colonel Stubber, the governor. That all things were in
good condition in Munster, and that Waterford was upon
treaty of yielding.
Pembroke. The earl of Pembroke died : his son, who was a member
of the house of commons before, continued to sit in the
house, now being himself an earl upon the death of his
father.
Letters from Jersey, that the prince and the Scots com-
missioners were upon agreement ; that they desired him to
go with them into Scotland, but he was advised not to adven-
ture it without good shipping to carry him safe thither.
That the prince sent to Dunkirk for some frigates for
Jersey ; that he gave commissions to French renegades to
take prizes of all English merchants, and to bring them to
Jersey ; that they took a good ship of Lime.
24. Divers returns of subscriptions to the engagement from
several regiments and garrisons.
Scots de- There was sent from Scotland and published here the copy
claration. of a declaration of the general assembly of Scotland, in an-
swer to that of Montrose, to whom they gave only the title
of James Graham;
Charging the people of Scotland not to hearken to or join
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 143
with him, or draw on themselves the wrath of the most high
God, by breach of the covenant and gross backsliding, nor
hearken to any of his calumnies and slanders ;
Nor countenance or assist any who shall invade that king-
dom or raise war therein, under pretence of commission from
his majesty, or putting him in the exercise of his royal power,
before satisfaction had from him to the just and necessary
desire of that kirk and kingdom concerning religion and the
covenant.
25. The council of officers ordered that Clarendon and King's
Bowrod parks, in Wilts, should be lands set apart for satis- lands*
faction of the contractors, trustees, and officers employed
about the sale of the king's lands.
Order of the parliament to sit on Saturdays and Mondays
for the future, for the speedy despatch of business, and that
no private business be heard in the house till the first of
March next.
Debate upon the heads of a bill for a new representative, New repre-
and regulating elections, and about the number of the whole sentatlves*
to be elected, and for some particular counties.
Debate about the act for the better managing the estates
of recusants and delinquents, and a proviso added touching
the reserving the chief mansion house of recusants, not hav-
ing been in arms, from sequestration, and for restraining
waste in their timber, and reserving the rights of the lords
of the manors to copyhold estates.
Another proviso was added, not to take away the power of
the committee for removing delinquent ministers and school-
masters, with other provisos.
Referred to the committee of Goldsmiths'-hall to take into
consideration the business concerning the soldiery, and min-
isters in Lancashire, that such satisfaction may be given
them as may tend to the service of the commonwealth, and
to take into consideration the troop of horse in Oxfordshire,
and to pay it out of the sequestrations in Oxfordshire, until
further order from the house or council of state.
26. Ordered that the lords commissioners of the great seal
do take care that writs be issued out, and sent down into
every county to the several sheriffs to proclaim the act touch-
ing the engagement. Acts of
This course of proclaiming new acts of parliament was parliament
proclaimed.
144 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
very ancient and constantly used, (especially in elder times,)
as appears by the records, but of late disused. I thought fit
to have it revived again, that the people might be informed
what acts were passed, which they were not so fully by the
printing as by proclaiming of them at their markets.
Orders touching the composition of delinquents.
Votes for taking off the additional exercise upon most of
the commodities mentioned in the last act touching the
excise.
Letters from Ireland of colonel Hewson's taking in some
forts near Dublin.
28. Letters that the Scots had no answer from sir George
Windram, laird of Liberton, but that the king would be
satisfied from him whether his subjects of Scotland would
engage to establish him in England as king ; that he is not
yet removed from Jersey; that divers soldiers came from
Ireland into Orkney.
Letters that the states provincial of Holland have resolved
to send an agent into England for their better correspond-
ence with the parliament.
Ireland. 29. Letters from Ireland of taking the fort upon the bog
of Allan; of a Dutch ship of three hundred tons cast away
upon that coast; that the lord-lieutenant had sent to be-
siege Eniscorfie-castle belonging to Mr.Wallup, a member of
the house, which the enemy had lately surprised :
That the lord-lieutenant visited all the English garrisons
in Munster, and gave orders to them ; that Inchequin was in
Kerry; that sixteen of the enemy's horse came from Dun-
cannon to the lord-lieutenant.
30. Letters from Holly-head, that a vessel bound for Lon-
donderry with coals, clothes, and other merchants' goods,
was taken by a Scots man-of-war, the mariners and sixteen
440 passengers put on shore, the owner and master carried away
prisoners. That the gentlemen and commonalty of Ireland
r do generally submit to the lord-lieutenant's orders.
From York, that a minister lately informed that there
would be shortly a massacre of the well-aftected in the
nation.
From Shrewsbury, that many cavaliers wear ribands with
motto's, God prosper. That the ministers encourage them,
and preach against the present government.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 145
They report an agreement between the king of Scots and Report,
his people of that kingdom upon the terms proposed at the
Isle of Wight, and that the presbyterians of England will
join.
From Plymouth, that a vessel of Dartmouth was by a
storm forced into the Mount's bay, and wrecked, and all lost
save one person.
Returns of subscriptions to the engagement.
31 . The town of Pool having warned a general sessions to
be held, not one justice came to join with them.
The act giving to/, to him that shall apprehend a felon
caused the countrymen to apprehend many of the thieves
and robbers in all places, and the money was duly paid to
them.
February 1649.
1. Divers people took away by violence from the owners,
wheat and other corn, carrying to market to Basingstoke,
and beat the carters, and some of them being imprisoned for
it, the rest brake the prison, and let out them and other
malefactors.
Letters from Rome, that there is an agent from England ; Letters
and the English priests seem very confident that within fewfromRo
years their religion would be established in England.
2. At a court-martial in colonel Pride's regiment a soldier
was sentenced to run the gantelope, and afterwards to be
cashiered, for threatening to cut his fellow-soldiers' throats in
case king Charles the Second came in ; and for swearing and
drunkenness.
Another had the like sentence, having been found to have
been in arms against the parliament, and then came in to
them, and at his disbanding gave out threatening words
against the officers.
The parliament voted that a book written by one Coppe,
entitled, A fiery flying roll, &c., contained many horrid blas-
phemies, and damnable and detestable opinions, and that the /V
book, and all copies of it that can be found, shall be burnt
by the hands of the hangman.
A petition from Wiltshire for propagation of the gospel, Gospel.
&c., approved by the house, and in order thereto they ap-
pointed every Friday to consider of ways for the better ad-
vancing the gospel of Christ.
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. L
146 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
An act committed for the better propagating of the gospel
in Wales.
Style. The parliament ordered, touching negotiations with foreign
princes and states, that the style and title to be used by this
parliament in all negotiations shall be, Parliamentum reipub-
licce Anglice.
And the style, when any address shall be made to them,
The parliament of the commonwealth of England.
And no other title to be used.
/^ Order for an act to be brought in for the punishment of
incest, profanation of the sabbath, and adultery.
The parliament upon the hearing sir Jacob Garret's busi-
ness sentenced three of his false accusers to stand in the
pillory.
Thus they took upon them and exercised all manner of ju-
risdiction, and sentenced persons secundum arbitrium ;
Which was disliked by many lawyers of the house, (whereof
I was one,) and we showed them the illegality and breach of
liberty in those arbitrary proceedings ;
And advised them to refer such matters to the legal pro-
ceedings in ordinary courts of justice : but the dominion and
power was sweet to some of them, and they were very un-
willing to part with it.
Scotland. 4. Letters that Jermyn and other lords and courtiers are has-
tening from Paris to Breda, hearing that the Scots are sending
money to defray the charges of their king and court there.
That the Scots are busy in purging their army, but are
startled at the news of the parliament's sending for the lord-
lieutenant of Ireland ; that they report the ground thereof
to be, that he is routed in Ireland, and that the parliament
of England fear new troubles. Yet the Scots sent an express
into Ireland to know the certainty.
5. Letters of the losses by pirates about Scarborough.
From Weymouth, that one Mr. Thomas May was secured
by the governor there, and to be sent up in custody to Lon-
don, for raising false rumours concerning the parliament and
the general.
From Portsmouth, that general Deane came thither with
the Phoenix, and informed of several vessels with recruits for
Ireland cast away.
Humilia- An act passed for a day of public humiliation throughout
tion.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 147
England and Wales, to seek God for a blessing upon the
proceedings of parliament, and their armies in England and
Ireland.
Debate about an act for a public register to enrol all deeds, Public
and to find encumbrances upon all estates and lands.
An additional act passed for removing of obstructions in
the sale of the late king's lands, &c.
A petition from Westminster for settling civil government
there, referred to the committee for corporations.
Debate of an act for regulating and erecting a corpora-
tion in Norfolk concerning the worsted -weavers and yarn-
men.
6. Returns of subscriptions to the engagement from several
regiments and garrisons.
Letters from Taunton, that the commissioners for settling
the militia in that county had agreed upon officers of horse
and foot, to be named to the council of state for commissions.
That colonel Pine is most active in this and all other business
of that country.
At a horserace near Brackley, there being many gallants
with pistols, swords, and arms, captain Smith with the Ox-
fordshire troop came thither, and disarmed some of the chief
and most suspected of the company.
The same captain Smith in six months apprehended fifty
robbers in those parts : thirty of them were hanged.
Letters from Shrewsbury of the meeting of cavaliers in
that county, and suspicions of new plots.
Account of troops and recruits marching towards Chester
for Ireland.
8. Letters from Newcastle that the cavaliers report gene-
rally that the Scots and their king are agreed, and thereupon
many of them are gone into Scotland ; that course is taken
to prevent them for the future ; that the ministers in York- 44 r
shire preach openly against the engagement; that many
moss-troopers are daily taken.
From Yarmouth, that commissions came from the coun-
cil of state for the militia, which the bailiffs and others are
putting in execution, and soldiers list themselves, and take
the engagement very willingly; that the like was done in
Norwich for that city and for the county of Norfolk : the
L2
148 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
like was done in Essex : that the four ships sent to guard the
fishers have much advanced the fishing trade.
From Cork, that five ships with soldiers were all cast away
coming from Minehead for Ireland, only twenty or thirty
men swam to shore :
That the enemy besieged captain Barrington in Arklow-
castle, and he sallied out upon them, beat them off, and killed
many of them :
That lieutenant -colonel Axtel, governor of Ross, made
several incursions into the enemy's quarters in the county of
Kilkenny, took many prisoners and great store of cattle.
Account of recruits for Ireland.
Some debauched persons in a tavern, drinking healths in a
balcony, breaking glasses, and drawing a great deal of com-
pany together, some soldiers who saw it went up to the gen-
tlemen, and carried them away prisoners to Whitehall.
9. Letters from Dunstar, confirming the sad news of the
five ships that went from Minehead for Ireland all cast away,
captain Ensor and captain Whiting, with eighty horse and a
hundred and fifty foot, and all the seamen drowned, except
twenty or thirty.
From Ireland, that the popish clergy there have agreed to
raise seven thousand men by March next, and to pay them,
and that Antrim shall command them.
That the estates of Scotland are setting out a declaration
in answer to Montrose's declaration, and conform to that of
the kirk.
Henderson. One Henderson proclaimed in several streets of Newark,
/ pronounce Charles II, of England, Scotland, France, and
Ireland, defender of the faith, fyc., as king of England, although
his father suffered wrongfully ; yet you cannot be governed
without a head, but now you are governed by a stinking lousy
committee.
For these words he was apprehended and sent to prison.
A petition to the general and his council of officers in
the behalf of three thousand maimed soldiers and widows,
whose husbands were slain in the service of the parliament :
the general and his council recommended it to colonel B/ich
to move the house therein.
The council of state sent three of their messengers to ap-
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 149
prehend one Mercer, who stabbed two of them that they died
immediately, and wounded the third, and so escaped from
them.
11. Letters that an Irish frigate boarded a Newcastle ship
near Hartlepool, which the governor seeing, caused some of
his guns to be so planted that they shot the Irish frigate
through and through, and caused her to hasten away, and
leave her prize behind, which came in safe to Hartlepool.
From Scotland, that Liberton was returned with a message Scotland.
from the king, which was read, but nothing done upon it;
that he speaks high what the king will do for and stand by
Scotland, yet they go on in purging the army.
That an English merchant having a cause to be pleaded
there, the Scots lawyers refused to plead for him, because the
business was drawn up in the new way, in the name of the
council of state.
About twenty-four persons came in the night to White-
friars with muskets as soldiers, called up the constable, re-
quired him to go along with them to apprehend some dan-
gerous persons, and brought him to the lodging of sir Edward
Hales, whom they knew to have a great sum of money there:
That when they came into the house, they bound the con-
stable and sir Edward Hales, and the master of the house
broke open trunks, and carried away with them ioo/., besides
rings, watches, &c. :
Then they locked the doors after them, left their muskets
behind them, and got away in boats, which they had laid
ready at Whitefriars' stairs ; but seven of those thieves were
afterwards apprehended.
12. The house named these persons to be of the council of
state for the year following, viz.
Earl of Denbigh, lord-chief-justice Stu-Iohn, sergeant Brad-
shaw, lord Grey of Groby, major-general Skippon, alderman
Penniugton, sheriff Wilson, sir William Masham, lord com-
missioner Whitelocke, sir James Harrington, colonel Hutchin-
son, Mr. Bond, Mr. Alexander Popham, Mr. Wanton, colonel
Purefoy, Mr. Jones, colonel Ludlow, earl of Salisbury, Mr.
Luke Robinson, lord -chief -justice Bolle, lord -chief -baron
Welde, lieutenant-general Fairfax, lord-lieutenant Cromwell,
Mr. Henry Martin, sir Gilbert Pickering, Mr. Stapely, Mr.
Heveningham, sir Arthur Haselrigge, Mr. Wallop, sir Henry
150 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Vane, junior, lord I/ Isle, sir William Armyne, sir Henry
Mildmay, sir William Constable, lord commissioner I/Isle,
Mr. Scot, and Mr. Holland.
Some high sheriffs named.
Debate touching means of advancing the gospel of Christ.
An act touching the way of presentations, and settling of
ministers in livings, committed.
An additional act for the more severe punishing of profane
swearing and cursing, committed.
An act for suppressing and punishing the abominable sins
of incest, adultery, and fornication, committed.
13. Letters from the west, that many presbyterians in their
pulpits prayed very zealously for restoring the king of Scots
to his father's crown in England.
That a French vessel which came from Barbadoes was
wrecked, and thirteen of her men lost, and the rest saved.
Academy. Sir Bathazar Gerbier set up his academy in Whitefriars,
for the teaching of all manner of arts and sciences : a good
design, if the conduct and success had been answerable.
Scotland. 14. Letters from Scotland that their king, in his message
by Liberton, would have exempted from any benefit of the
agreement all such as shall be found to have had a hand in
the death of his father, without mentioning whom, which breeds
a general jealousy that it may reach to all that consented to
the giving up of his father at Newcastle or joined in the
covenant with England.
That the king will only acknowledge the Scots commis-
sioners to be commissioners of parliament during the treaty,
or after, as it shall succeed ; and private letters were sent
from the king to the chancellor and some others.
442 That they talk much of major-general Lambert's marching
northwards with seven or eight regiments, but have more
cause to be troubled at Montrose and sir Marmaduke Lang-
dale.
15. An account from Chester, that after too long a stay
ships are ready at length to carry the money ordered by the
council of state to Leimster and the north of Ireland.
That the enemy bend all their strength northward, probably
to stress sir Charles Coot, and gain a place of retreat or back-
door for Scotland. That care is taken that way by land, and
to send some ships about to that coast.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX.
151
16. The officers of the army kept a day of humiliation, Army lm-
grouiided on the dealings of God with their brethren in Ire-mi
land, who though he had made them give a glorious testimony
against the bloody enemies, yet hath afflicted them by the
death of many worthies. Which chastening of the Lord they
did desire to lay to heart, as also that affliction in the mis-
carriage of some vessels sailing from Minehead, besides the
present condition of this nation.
Upon a petition of three thousand maimed soldiers and
widows, resolved that there shall be no abatement of what
they have received by way of pension in the stating of their
arrears.
The council of officers passed several votes, and appointed
a select committee touching the purchase of the late king's
lands.
Letters that the earl of Castlehaven was chosen general of
the Irish forces ; that they intend to cast themselves upon the
Spanish interest, and to lay aside Ormond and Inchequin.
18. Letters from Newcastle that the king and the Scots
are not like to agree, they being much displeased at his last
message, and that divers of the chief of the state and minis-
ters declare their dislike in joining with him, unless he resign
up himself wholly to their dispose :
That yet they intend to choose commissioners to go to the
king : that they have caused Montrose's declaration to be
burnt by the hand of the hangman, and purge maligriants
out of the army daily : that five hundred more of Montrose's
men were landed in Orkney : that more witches were burnt.
From Youghall, that the lord-lieutenant was marched out
of that garrison with a thousand horse and a thousand foot :
that some ships were cast away upon that coast.
Several resolves of the council of officers touching their
security by purchase of the lands of the late king.
19. An act passed for providing a competent maintenance
for preaching ministers throughout the nation.
A commission issued out under the great seal to several
commissioners in the respective counties, authorizing them to
inquire by juries upon oath what benefices are within each
county, and the value of them, and which are fit to be united,
&c., and to certify their proceedings into the chancery.
152 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
The act for suppressing and punishing incest, adultery, and
fornication, recommitted.
An act read for settling the fee-farm rents.
The act for relief of creditors recommitted.
Amendments to the act for removing obstructions in the
sale of the late king's lands passed and published.
20. The subscriptions of the army to the engagement were
by the general returned to the parliament, who upon the
general's subscribing of it, as one of the council of state in
his own sense, the house voted, that his taking of it in that
manner was a taking of it within the late act for subscribing
of the engagement.
They likewise ordered that the speaker should send that
vote to the general in a letter, and to return to him the hearty
thanks of the house for his great care in returning of those
subscriptions.
Three soldiers were sentenced at a council of war to go
from Whitehall through Holbourn with halters about their
necks, and so to Tyburn; one of them to have his right
ear nailed to the pillory, the other two to have six lashes
apiece.
The offence of the first was for being listed for Ireland, and
deserting the employment, and counterfeiting colonel Pride's
hand, directed to constables; by colour whereof he pressed
two horses, pretending himself to be quartermaster to the
party, and then he and his companion running away with the
horses.
The offence of the other two was, that after they were
listed for the service of the state they run away from their
commanders.
Letters from Ireland that the lord-lieutenant in his march
to Kilkenny had several forts quitted to him, and at St. Tho-
mas's town the officers were delivered up to him, together
with the town, by the soldiers.
21. Letters from Warrington of a great meeting to take
the engagement. That thieves armed, and twenty or thirty
in a company, pretending themselves to be footsoldiers,
break open houses, bind the people, and rob them of all their
goods.
From Ireland, that prince Rupert took some rich prizes
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 153
from the Londoners, arid sent them to Galloway and Lime-
rick.
A little frigate, called the Wandering Cavalier, was taken by
the parliament's ships, loaden with arms and ammunition, and
brought into Kingsale.
22. Letters that Wogan, the revolted perfidious fellow
lately taken, had escaped out of prison, and colonel Phaires,
marshal, in whose custody he was, being corrupted by him,
went away with him.
23. Letters from Milford -haven of ships driven in thither
from the Irish coast by foul weather. That there were four
hundred horse of colonel Cromwell's, the lord -lieutenant's son,
to be transported to Ireland.
From Weymouth, that they were taking the engagement,
and that none refused it, and that they were busy in settling
the militia.
From Yarmouth, that the lord -lieutenant had all the sea-
ports in Ireland of any consequence, except only three.
That the regiments are full, the soldiers well recovered,
and longing to be abroad against the enemy.
That a small frigate of the parliament's of twelve guns
maintained fight with two of the enemy's, one of eighteen, the
other of twenty-six guns, and at last run herself on shore, and
saved her men, guns, and tackle.
Letters that the heads of houses, fellows, and graduates of
the university, and the mayor, aldermen, and common-coun-
cilmen of Oxford, had all taken the engagement, and all the
officers both of the city and university.
25. Letters from Edinburgh, that both the statesmen and Scotland.
kirkmen are full of jealousy touching their king, that new
propositions are drawing, and commissioners choosing, to be
sent to him. That more men were landed in Orkney with
some cannon and ammunition.
That there it was confidently reported from Ireland, that the 443
lords of Clanrickard, Ardes and Armstrong, were marching
with eight thousand men near Carrickfergus, and had taken
in several garrisons from the parliament.
From Berwick, that the king propounds that the lord Ar-
gyle, the chancellor, and other the capital statesmen of Scot-
land, should come in person to treat with him, and that there
154 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
should be a general act of oblivion without any exception :
but the Scots were against both these propositions.
That colonel Hacker's men had taken more moss-
troopers.
From Beaumoris, of one Robinson, sir Timothy Fether-
ston, and others, pirating at sea on that coast, by commission
from the lord of Ormond.
Ireland. Letters, that the army took the field in two bodies : co-
lonel Reynolds, with about sixteen troops of horse and two
thousand foot, ordered to march by the way of Carrick, and
major-general Ireton to follow with a reserve : that the lord-
lieutenant was to march over the Blackwater, with fifteen
troops of horse and about three thousand foot : and accord-
ingly they begun their march January 29.
That, two days after, he took the castle of Kilkenny and
Cloghern, a strong house belonging to sir Richard Everard,
one of the supreme council. From thence he marched to
Roghill-castle, which upon summons was rendered; which
gives them command far into the country.
That the lord Broghil took in the old castle-town, and a
castle of sir Edward Fitz Harris ; and that the Irish sent
their commissioners to compound for their contribution as
far as the walls of Limerick.
That the lord-lieutenant came late in the night, in very
tempestuous weather, to Fethard, and got into an old abbey
and some cabins and poor houses in the suburbs, from whence
he sent a summons to the town ; but they shot at the trumpet :
and being informed that the lord-lieutenant was with the
party, they said, that it was not a fit time to send a sum-
mons in the night, and shot angrily at the party; but the
lord-lieutenant made not one shot at them again.
In the end, the governor was willing to send two commis-
sioners to treat with the lord-lieutenant, and after one night
spent in the treaty the town was delivered the next morning
upon terms, which were the more willingly given them, be-
cause the lord-lieutenant had but few foot, and no great
guns nor ladders, arid there were seventeen companies of the
Ulster foot within five miles of the town.
The enemy quit it in some disorder, and the sovereign and
aldermen have since sent to the lord-lieutenant a petition
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 155
desiring that he would protect them : and he hath made
them a quarter.
From thence we marched to Callar, hearing that colonel
Reynolds was there with his party; and we found that he
had fallen upon the enemy's horse and routed them, being
about one hundred with his forlorn: he took my lord Os-
sory's captain-lieutenant, and another lieutenant of horse,
prisoners, and one of those that betrayed the garrison of
Eniscorfy, whom the lord-lieutenant caused to be hanged.
The enemy had possessed three castles in the town, with
about one hundred and twenty men in each of them, and a
troop of horse besides in Butler' s-castle, which was delivered
upon conditions : the other two castles refusing terms, the
garrisons were all put to the sword.
From hence colonel Reynolds was sent with his regiment
to remove a garrison in the way to Ross, which he did ; and
the army marched back to Fethard and Cashel, where they
had good quarters both for men and horse.
26. An act passed enjoining all papists, and all such who
had borne arms and assisted against the parliament, to de-
part twenty miles from London, and those under restraint
five days after their enlargement, with an exception of in-
habitants who have compounded.
An act passed for giving further time for subscribing of
the engagement, and other directions concerning it.
An act passed for propagating and preaching of the gospel, Gospel.
and for the maintenance of able ministers and schoolmasters
in Wales.
The like act passed for the four northern counties.
An act for providing maintenance for preaching ministers,
and other pious uses, throughout the nation.
Debate in a grand committee of the house upon the heads .'
of a bill for equal representatives and regulating elections.
An act read for the excise of ale and beer brewed in pri-
vate houses.
27. Letters from Pembroke, that colonel Cromwell and
colonel Venables were there, waiting for a wind for Ireland ;
that the lord-lieutenant was marched towards Limerick, and
that Preston was chief leader of the rebels.
From Chester, that two of the soldiers that betrayed
156 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Eniscorfy to the enemy were taken in Werrel, one of them
escaped, the other was sent to the gaol.
From Dartmouth, that the engagement was willingly sub-
scribed there.
From Weymouth, that many of prince Rupert's men run
away from him to the parliament's fleet.
Returns of the engagement taken by officers and soldiers.
28. A public humiliation and fast was kept this day.
March 1649.
1. The contractors for sale of the late king's land, &c., be-
gan to sit and make contracts.
Letters from Portsmouth, that the whole fleet did now
ride there at anchor, and that the agents to this state from
Spain and Portugal were there ready to go along with the
fleet.
2. Letters from Chester, that sir Charles Coot marched
towards Belfast, but found no opposition, only a few strag-
gling troops, and that he hath settled that country : and sup-
plies of money and clothes were sent to him by order of the
council of state.
From Liverpool, of a tumult by the meaner sort of people
at Almskirk against the commissioners of excise, who for
many hours together defended themselves with their swords
and pistols against the rabble, and kept the inn-door ; but at
length the governor of Liverpool sent some forces, who dis-
persed the rioters, and apprehended some of them.
From Portsmouth, of eighteen of the parliament's ships,
which set sail from thence to be a convoy to the merchants ;
that when all the ships meet they are expected to be two
hundred sail.
Scotland. From Edinburgh, that the committees of the state and
444 commissioners of the kirk had agreed upon new proposals to
be treated upon with the king at Breda, wherein two points
were more insisted on than formerly :
1. The king swearing to the solemn league and covenant.
2. That he seclude from him all delinquents.
That six lords, two gentlemen, and three ministers are to
go with these new propositions.
That five ships, with arms and ammunition, were landed
in Orkney, forerunners of Montrose.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 157
4. Letters from Edinburgh, that their commissioners are
ready to go away to the king upon the new propositions,
which are in effect the same with the former.
From Liverpool, of divers ships gone from thence with
supplies for Ireland ; that the tumult against the officers of
excise was, by gentle means, and some use of force, fully
quieted; that the engagement was there much preached
against.
From Shrewsbury, that the ministers preach much against Preachers,
the present government, and to encourage the people to sedi-
tion, and to rise for their king.
That at the day of the public fast kept in one of their
churches, there was another mock fast kept in the other two
churches by agreement of the ministers, and two sermons
preached in them purposely to disturb the fast enjoined by
authority.
5. The parliament passed a list of the captains to com-
mand the ships ordered to be set out for this summer's
guard, being forty-eight of the states' ships, and twenty-one
merchants' ships.
They also passed an act giving power to the council of Act for
state and to the admirals at sea to impress seamen for this sei
year's service, if there should be occasion ; and if there be
not seamen sufficient, volunteers, with provisos not to press
masters, gunners, and such as have served an apprenticeship
to seamen or watermen.
Referred to the committee of the navy to consider of some
further encouragement to be given to those that shall volun-
tarily offer themselves to serve the state in their ships, and
to present an act to the house for it.
Order for the building of more ships for the service and
safety of the commonwealth.
Upon a letter from the mayor of Salisbury, of his seizing
some printed books derogating from the Lord^s day, and
setting up the Jewish sabbath, referred to the committee for
plundered ministers to peruse the book, and to state and re-
port the matter of fact to the house, and to bring in an act
for the more due observation of the Lord's day.
Order for the commissioners of the great seal to pass par-
dons of course for several persons convicted at the assizes,
158 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
and certified by the judges to be fit objects for the mercy of
the parliament.
Debate of a way of supplying the remainder of the money
for pay of the army in England and Ireland ; about the as-
sessment of 1 2O,ooo/. per mensem ; and to avoid free quarter.
Amendments reported to the bill for the sale of fee-farm
rents.
Debate of an act of indemnity for tenants and others who
in the late wars have expressed their good affections to the
parliament , against the oppressions of their ill-affected land-
lords that have been against the parliament.
Order, that no private business be heard in the house for a
month longer.
About this time alderman Rowland Wilson, one of the
sheriffs of London, died. He was son of Mr. Rowland Wil-
son, a wealthy merchant, who lived to see his son in that
honourable condition : though but a young man for that em-
ployment, yet he was an elder in wisdom and abilities.
He was a gentleman of excellent parts and great piety, of
a solid, sober temper and judgment, and very honest and just
in all his actions.
He was a member of the house of commons and of the
council of state : he had served the parliament as colonel of
one of the city regiments, not in training only, but also in
the field against the enemy.
He was beloved both in the house, city, and army, and by
all that knew him, and his death as much lamented.
The members of parliament and of the council of state,
the lord mayor, aldermen, and divers citizens of London, and
many officers of the army, were invited and present at his
funeral; and the city regiment, (whereof he was colonel,)
with other companies of soldiers, were in arms to attend the
corpse of their officer to his grave.
Ministers. Letters from Chester of the ministers in that country bit-
terly exclaiming against the engagement, and condemning
' all that take it to the pit of hell.
That i i,ooo/. was put on board for Dublin, and 6cooL for
Carrickfergus ; from which town the enemy is forty miles,
and the country thereabout free from tories.
Engage- fH 7. From Exeter, letters of the averseness of the citizens to
ment.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 159
the engagement; that on the public fast-day all the min-
isters went out of town, and caused the church-doors to be
shut up, purposely because they would not observe it, being
appointed by the parliament ; that all the magistrates, except
two constables, refused to take the engagement.
From Dartmouth, that twenty-two sail of ships were ready
to set out for Newfoundland.
From Taunton, that the public-fast day was not keptTaunton.
there ; the two presbyterian ministers of that town being
ready to observe the parliament's order for receiving their
tithes and augmentations, but not in other matters which
they like not ; for then they affirm it not to be a free parlia-
ment.
That a woman pretending to prophesy, with others of her
crew, denied Christ and the scripture wholly.
From Pool, that eight good ships went from thence to
Newfoundland, and two to Barbadoes.
From Edinburgh, that the Scots had agreed upon their Scots,
commissioners to go to the king ; that first they were to go
to Capher, and from thence to send to the king and to the
prince of Orange for a safe conduct to come to Breda, and to
stay there.
That they carry with them, for the supply for their king,
40,000 marks, Scots money, that is, 22oo/. English money;
that one thousand arms and twenty cannon are lately landed
in Orkney.
An act passed for the advancement of the gospel and of
learning in Ireland, and for settling upon the college in
Dublin several lands formerly belonging to the archbishop of
Dublin and other ecclesiastical persons, and for erecting and
maintaining a free-school in Dublin.
Order for an act to abolish the hierarchy in Ireland, and
to forbid the use of the Common Prayer Book there.
Debate of an act for restraining the killing of flesh meat 445
or poultry, from 14 March to the I5th of April.
Letters that colonel Cook, governor of Wexford, went out
with a party, and took in Enniscorfy, formerly betrayed to the
enemy, and upon a storm put them to the sword.
8. Letters from Ireland, confirming the retaking of Ennis-
corfy, and that no enemy appeared to make any opposition in
those parts.
160 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Letters to the same effect as before, touching the commis-
sioners agreed upon to go to the king from Scotland.
9. Several orders concerning supplies of money, provisions,
and recruits for Ireland.
Ireland. 11. Letters concerning the further successes of the lord-
lieutenant in Ireland, since his last taking the field from
Youghall ; and that at the taking of Castleton by the lord
Broghil he gave quarter for life, and their wearing apparel to
the private soldiers, but the officers to be at his discretion.
That thereupon, by advice, he caused all those officers to be
shot to death, to affright those little castles from so peremp-
torily standing out.
That colonel Zanchey reduced the castle of Dundrum,
where were two troops of horse and some foot of the
enemy's : Zanchey' s horse charged those without, and the
men stormed the town, which was delivered up to him,
leaving their horse and arms behind : here Zanchey received
a wound in his right hand.
That the enemy scouting into their quarters, and taking a
castle seven miles from Cork, colonel Phayer, the governor
there, pursued them with sixteen foot and fifty horse unto a
bog, where he killed twenty and took thirty of them prison-
ers, and the castle was surrendered to him.
That they have settled themselves in the heart of the
enemy 's quarters, and thereby much hinder them from
recruiting and gathering together again in the spring, and
have gained a very rich country, which by agreement are to
give them i^oo/. per mensem.
From Newcastle, that more moss-troopers are daily taken :
that prince Rupert's ships were in much confusion, and many
of them taken : that the Scots commissioners are not yet
gone to the king, and there is much difference about their
going betwixt the kirk and the state : that the forces in
Orkney increase daily.
From Beaumoris, that major-general Mitton and other
officers, upon intelligence that Ormond had given a com-
mission to colonel Robinson to garrison the isle of Barsey,
they sent thither ensign Aspinal with thirty men, who, three
days after his landing there, seized upon colonel Gerrard,
Mr. Conwey, and six gentlemen more, who landed there to
surprise the island, took their boat, and sent them prisoners
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 161
to Carnarvan, and the pirate fled away who had set them on
shore, and was an Irishman.
12. An act passed for redress of delays, and mischiefs
arising by writs of error in several cases.
Amendments reported to the act for relief of creditors, and
recommitted.
An act passed for selling the fee-farm rents, heretofore
payable to the crown.
Debate about a book lately printed, and voted that the Vote,
book asserting the observation of the Jewish sabbath, and Sabbath,
condemning the observation of the LordVday, as the Christ-
ian sabbath, is erroneous, scandalous, and profane, con-
trary to the practice of the apostles and of all the Christian
churches.
Order that all the printed copies of the book be brought in
and burnt, and referred to the committee of plundered min-
isters, to take care for the apprehension and imprisonment of
the authors, and for punishment of the printer and publisher
of it.
Order to send over six able ministers to preach in Dublin,
and they to have 2oo/. per annum apiece out of bishops' and
deans' and chapters' lands in Ireland. And in the mean time
the lord-lieutenant to take care that it be paid out of the public
revenue, and if any of those ministers die in that service in
Ireland, that the parliament will make competent provision
for their wives and children.
A bill committed for preventing and redress of many
injuries done to the merchants of this commonwealth by
ships of the French and other nations under pretence of
visiting them, and for recalling and inhibiting the mariners
and seamen of this nation from serving other princes and
states.
An act for the indemnity of tenants well affected to the
state.
An act passed for the better packing of butter, and redress
of abuses therein.
13. Letters from Chester, that Oneal's army was in great
want about Carnarvan, That as soon as supplies should come,
sir Charles Coot intended to take the field.
That the plague raged much at Kilkenny. That Inchequin
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. M
162 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
appeared in a body about Kilmallock, and the lord-lieutenant
sent a party to look upon him.
From Exeter, of the commissioners' proceedings in settling
the militia there.
From Harwich, that captain Goose of the Hart frigate, and
all his officers, being on shore, twenty-eight of the mariners
of the ship, who agreed together to betray her to the prince,
and to carry her to Dunkirk, took their opportunity when
the rest of their fellow seamen were under hatches, and kept
them there.
Those under hatches were forty men, who would not join
in this treachery, and being now shut in there by the rest,
they hoised sail to carry the ship to Dunkirk.
But being off at sea, these twenty-eight fell out among
themselves, and seventeen of them" took the boat to put out
to sea, and were drowned.
The other eleven were not able to carry on the ship, and
seeing themselves pursued, put back into Harwich, where
they were apprehended and committed to prison.
14. The trustees for sale of the fee-farm rents published
their intention to begin the sale of them on a day set by
them.
Blasphemy. One Boutholmey, a quartermaster, was tried by a council of
war for blasphemy, and sentenced to have his tongue bored
through with a hot iron, his sword broken over his head, and
to be cashiered the army.
Letters from Ireland of more castles taken in, and that
the lord-lieutenant was wholly become master of the county
of Tipperary, and was upon his march into the county of
Limerick, where he had intelligence that the enemy was em-
bodied, that so he might prevent their joining together.
That the sickness was very hot at Limerick, Kilkenny, and
other places.
From Pool, of tumults about the excise, especially at
Shafton, where they rescued prisoners, and took away from
the officers goods distrained for the excise, but they were
quieted by a small party of soldiers sent to them.
446 15. Letters that general Preston was come into Waterford
with fifteen hundred men, and that the lord-lieutenant had
besieged Kilkenny.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 163
From Liverpool, of tumults about the excise, but quieted.
From Scotland, that the commissioners were upon going to
the king, and that sir James Smith had advanced 2coo/. upon
the business, and was one of the commissioners for the treaty
at Breda.
16. From Coventry, of the preaching of one Salmon, and Blasphemy,
of his wicked swearing and uncleanness, which he justified,
and others of his way, that it was God which did swear in
them, and that it was their liberty to keep company with
women for their lust.
That one Wyke, another of his crew, kissed a soldier three
times, and said, " I breathe the Spirit of God into thee," and
many the like abominable blasphemies spoken by them ; for
which they were imprisoned till a trial for the crimes.
18. Letters from Berwick that the Scots parliament had
sat, and despatched away their commissioners to the king for
the treaty.
From Cork, that the lord-lieutenant published a declaration
in answer to certain declarations and acts, framed by the Irish
popish prelates and clergy.
Letters that sir Charles Coot had reduced Castledove.
That the plague was hot in Galloway, and many principal
actors in the rebellion perished by it.
That the parliament forces took in a fort over-against
Passage, whereby the trading by sea to Waterford is wholly
stopped up.
That the tories behaved themselves so barbarously towards
their own party, that the priests have excommunicated them.
19. Returns of subscriptions to the engagement by divers
regiments and garrisons.
An act for establishing an high court of justice in London
and Westminster, committed.
An additional act for providing a maintenance for preaching
ministers and other pious uses, committed.
Amendments passed to an act for the better preaching of
the gospel, and maintenance of ministers in Bristol.
An act passed for settling certain houses upon the corpora-
tion for the poor of London, and for money for that work.
An act for constituting commissioners as a standing coun-
cil for the ordering and regulating of trade, committed.
M 2
164 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Amendments to the act of indemnity for tenants who have
adhered to the parliament, recommitted.
Petition of the inhabitants of Westminster referred to a
committee.
Petition from Arundel, and another from the Cinque Ports,
referred to the committee of corporations to consider of their
franchises and report them to the house.
Ireland. From Chester, that the rebels in Ireland did blow up some
strong castles and quitted them.
That colonel Hewson, with two thousand five hundred foot,
and one thousand horse, one demiculverin, and a mortar
piece, marched to Bellishanon, where he planted his guns,
and after the granados had flown in among them, killing at
one time fourteen men, the enemy beat a parley, and de-
livered up the place. That the lord-lieutenant was before
Clonmel, and that the plague was very hot in the Irish
quarters.
20. Letters from Ireland, that the lord-lieutenant was be-
fore Clonmel.
That the plague, which is seldom known in Ireland, was
very hot in Limerick and Kilkenny.
That the mayor of Waterford refused to admit Ormond
into that town, saying, that he was the king's lieutenant
there. That Ormond and Muskerry were gone away for
France. That much contention was amongst the Irish
officers, and many of them desired to go and serve the king
of Spain, which the Spanish ambassador in Ireland laboured
to effect.
That about eighty of the enemy's foot and ten horse of the
garrison of Clonmel went forth to fetch in provisions, but
were fallen upon by some of the parliament's horse that
quartered nqar the town, who killed twenty-three of them, and
took seventeen prisoners, and the horses.
21. Letters from Dublin of the taking of Balishanon, a
strong fort and well manned, by colonel Hewson, without the
loss of one man.
That there were great differences among the Irish, and
between them and the king's party, and among the cavaliers
themselves.
From these passages we may observe the contentiousness
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX.
165
of men's natures, and the little quiet to be expected in this
world : the English were at variance with the Scots and
Irish ; the Scots at variance with the English and Irish ; the
Irish hated both the English and Scots.
The native Irish differed among themselves, rebels from
rebels, rebels from the English cavaliers, rebels and English
cavaliers there in war against the parliament party.
In Scotland was contention between the kirk party and
the state, both were jealous of the king's party, all of them
together designing against England.
In England the civil war not fully appeased betwixt the
king and parliament ; contention among the parliament
party between the royalists and republicans, and again be-
tween the presbyterians and independents.
22. Letters that prince Rupert was yet at Lisbon, and had
with him but six ships, and those not well manned.
Letters of many robberies and wicked actions, and of a
butcher of Malton that hanged his wife; and of a woman
who burnt two of her children as soon as she was delivered
of them.
An account of forces shipped for Ireland.
From Scotland, that the Scots commissioners are gone to
Breda ; and that the king went from Beauvois to Breda, and
parted with the queen his mother, who with Jermyn returned
to Paris.
The heads of their propositions to the king were,
That all who continue excommunicate by the kirk may be re-
moved from his person :
That he would declare that he will, by solemn oath under his
hand and seal, allow the national covenant of Scotland and the
covenant of the three kingdoms, and ratify all acts concerning the
covenant, establishing presbyterian government, the Directory of
worship, the Confession of Faith, and the Catechism in Scotland, as
they are approved by the general assembly of the kirk and by the
parliament there :
That he will consent that all matters civil be determined by the
present and subsequent parliaments, and all matters ecclesiastical by
the ensuing general assembly of the kirk, as was formerly agreed by
his late father.
23. The army petitioned the parliament, that such as had Army
articles upon rendition of towns, and paid their compositions, l'et
166 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
447 and were not engaged in the second war, might not be taken
within the late act of delinquents, to remove out of London
and Westminster.
Letters that the lord-lieutenant had taken in Clonmel, and
slain 2000 of the enemy there, and was marched towards
Waterford where Preston commanded.
Scotland. From Edinburgh, that Mr. Douglas, who preached to the
Scots parliament at their first meeting, admonished them to
avoid the two rocks of the malignant Scylla and sectarian
Charybdis ; and doomed both malignants and sectaries to be
heretical.
That the Scots parliament sat but two days, (as is usual
with them,) to confirm what work the cabal had cut out for
them, and then adjourned to the fifth of May next.
That the Scots army were about choosing of a committee
of themselves to purge the army, but with difficulty it was
carried to be referred to the committee of estates, and they
referred it to David Lesley.
25. Letters that the Scots commissioners were landed in
Holland. That a ship came to Edinburgh from Holland
with many German officers, expecting employment there.
That the Scots commissioners have commission to take up
300,000^. Scots money to gratify the king, in case there be
an agreement.
Account of recruits for Ireland, and of proclaiming the act
for taking of the engagement at York and at Manchester.
From Milford Haven, that the country thereabouts did
unanimously take the engagement ; that Mr. Peters opened
the matter to them, and did much encourage them to take it.
Votes. 26. The parliament voted, that the concernment of arti-
cles relating to the late act for removing delinquents out of
London, &c., be referred to the commissioners for articles to
do therein according to justice.
An act for empowering commissioners to put in execution
all the powers heretofore given to commissioners for com-
pounding with delinquents, and for managing all sequestered
estates, and to the committee of Haberdashers'-hall.
Vote, that all who have compounded, and are now beyond
sea without leave, their estates shall be sequestered, and the
committee of Goldsmiths'-hall to put this vote in execu-
tion.
IN THE YEAR MDCXLIX. 167
Vote that the estate of sir Christopher Hatton be forth-
with sequestered.
Several other votes touching compositions of delinquents.
An act for such as hold the estate of any delinquent by
mortgage, judgment, or statute, to compound for the estate,
committed.
An act passed for the redemption of captives.
27. An act passed for establishing an high court of jus-
tice, and the commissioners1 names, any twelve to be of the
quorum.
Letters from Towcester of settling the militia in that
county.
Letters of a charge given by judge Nicholas, at the assizes Judge
at Sarum, in vindication of the proceedings of parliament, Nlcholas-
and of theirs and the people's power, and the original of it.
One was indicted for saying there was no law, and that a
company of rogues had beheaded the king, and therefore
there was no law.
The indictment was for scandalous words, and he was found
guilty, fined iool., and imprisoned without bail till the fine
was paid.
28. An act passed touching the way of collecting the excise
of ale and beer brewed and spent in private families.
The act for erecting the high court of justice proclaimed in
Westminster-hall.
Letters that the marquis of Hertford coming from London,
in obedience to the late act for removing of delinquents, re-
sided at his house at Netley near Southampton, and the day
after he sent to the governor of that garrison to give him
notice thereof, and to assure him that he would not give any
offence to the garrison.
The governor returned a civil answer to the marquis, and
that as long as he continued in a peaceable manner, not any
from the garrison should molest his lordship.
From Dover, that an English hoy setting sail from Ostend
for London, captain Evans, by commission from the prince,
with eight or nine English and Flemings, put themselves into
a ship's boat, made up to the hoy, and boarded her about
two miles from Ostend, at which the governor shot from the
castle at Evans, but could not reach him.
Thereupon he sent fifty soldiers on board a fisherman to
168 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
rescue the hoy, who after a little skirmish in Dunkirk road
brought away the hoy, and stowed Evans and his company
in the hold, upon which two or three French sloops came
out from Dunkirk and set upon the Ostenders.
They, because the winds were cross,, and the French sloops
pursuing them, brought the hoy and prisoners, and delivered
them to the governor of Dover-castle, who committed Evans
and his fellows to the marshal.
That the same hoy was formerly taken by an Irishman of
war under the fort of Ostend, and by the governor's order
rescued from them, he saying, that he would not endure such
things to be done under his command.
From Pendennis-castle, that colonel Slingsby, prisoner
there, was by order of the council of state carried from
thence to Exeter, to be tried by the common law, for levying
war against the parliament.
An account of recruits shipped for Ireland.
30. From Exeter of the solemn reception of the judges of
assize by the magistrates and military officers, and of the
conducting them through the several counties by the troops
of horse, and of the great respect showed by the soldiery to
the civil magistrates.
From Taunton, that the commissioners had settled the
militia in that county, colonel Popham a regiment of horse
and another of foot, colonel Pine, colonel Ceely, and colonel
Gorge, regiments of foot.
From Scotland, that their commissioners gone to the king
had power to take up 300,000^. Scots, that is, 25,ooc/. ster-
ling, to gratify the king if he agreed with them.
That the kirkmen were generally very zealous for the
closing with their king, yet some of them averse to it and
praying against it.
April 1650.
1. From Newcastle, that very many cavaliers pass into
Scotland, and some of them come out of Norfolk and Suffolk.
Ireland. From Cork, that the lord-lieutenant had taken in all the
three counties of Tipperary, Limerick, and Kilkenny, except
the three shire towns, and had kept the enemy from drawing
together.
That the lord Broghil beat up the quarters of three regi-
ments of Inchequin's horse, most of them English, brought
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 169
the officers to Cashel, tried colonel Claydon, colonel Johnson, 448
and lieutenant-colonel Langhern, three of them by a court
martial, for betraying their trust, having formerly served the
parliament; and they and major Sims were sentenced to die;
that three of them were shot to death, and colonel Claydon
was pardoned.
That the enemy burnt and destroyed the county of Lime-
rick, and drove away the cattle seven or eight miles round
the city.
Letters to a great man, that there is no rest to be found in Letters.
the wisest constitutions and laws of men, until they acknow-
ledge the weakness thereof, and fly to the infallible and all-
sufficient wisdom of the scriptures, to rule mankind in the
world. The only Magna Charta in this world is the holy
scriptures, which give perfect rules for the people's liberties,
and for rulers' government and authority, and so guide all
judgments that none shall suffer injury.
That the people will never fix quietly upon any form or
way till they are brought to the word of God.
2. A declaration of the lord mayor and aldermen and London
common-council of London, returning thanks to the parlia- address'
ment for their gift of the new park to the city, and of the
houses, and loool for the poor, and that they do declare and
resolve, (through God's assistance,) with the hazard of their
lives and estates, to stand and fall with the parliament against
all wicked practices and opposite pretended powers whatsoever.
The speaker, in answer to it, told them, that the house took Answer.
notice of this their resolution, and of the seasonableness of
it ; that the house kindly accepted it, and gave them thanks
for it.
Several orders touching the forces and payment of moneys
into "Weavers' -hall.
An act for adding some of the judges to be commissioners
in the high court of justice.
An act for one to make use of a new invention to prevent New in -
the great consumption of coal and wood, about lead, iron, ventlon'
copper, saltworks, &c.
From Dublin, that the lord Broghil and Henry Cromwell L. Broghii.
fell into the lord Inchequin's quarters, killed one hundred and
sixty, and took one hundred and twenty prisoners with the
officers, and one hundred and fifty gallant horse.
170 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That colonel Reynolds fell into the earl of Castlehaven's
quarters, routed them, and drove them to a bog.
From Coventry, that Salmon and Wyke, prisoners there,
preached every LordVday at the grate of the prisons, and
very many stood in the streets to hear them.
3. From Portsmouth, that a ship of London of sixteen
pieces of ordnance, and her bills of lading from the Straits
were of 30,000^., was taken by an Irish man of war near the
Isle of Wight, and another vessel in her company run herself
on shore, and thereby lost all but the lives of the mariners.
Adamites. 4. A letter sent from the diggers and planters of commons,
for universal freedom, to make the earth a common treasury,
that every one may enjoy food and raiment freely by his
labour upon the earth without paying rents or homage to any
fellow-creature of his own kind, that every one may be deli-
vered from the tyranny of the conquering power, and so rise
up out of that bondage to enjoy the benefit of his creation.
The letters were to get money to buy food for them, and
corn to sow the land which they had digged.
5. From Ireland, that the lord-lieutenant was gone near to
Limerick, and that colonel Hewson was marching with near
three thousand men to him.
That the Spanish agent had obtained leave of the lord-
lieutenant to send to Spain for money, ships, and instruc-
tions, for transporting Irish officers and soldiers, who were
willing to go into the service of his master.
Ireland. A messenger brought intelligence to the governor of King-
sale, that Macke Carke and O Sulipht were raising forces
westward, and that all the priests were gone to them.
That Inchequin for twenty miles burnt and wasted the
county of Limerick, and then retreated over the Shanon with
more cows than horses; that thereby Kilmallock could get no
forage for their horse, and many of them came in to the lord-
lieutenant.
That colonel Hewson came to the lord-lieutenant with
three thousand five hundred horse and foot, that colonel
Reynolds and colonel Ewer's regiments were sent out as a
forlorn hope, and discovering the enemy's body, of above
three thousand, attempted to fight notwithstanding the dis-
proportion, but they had no mind to it.
That the parliament had there a healthy and gallant army,
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 171
all new clothed and well armed, and money in their purses ;
that they have in Ireland six thousand good horse and
eighteen thousand foot.
That Ormond came to Clare with six horse only, and sent
propositions to the lord-lieutenant that most of the Irish had
left him.
That they have ships to prevent commerce, and sea as-
sistance.
That eight ships were come in from Wales and England
loaden with oats, and fifteen thousand yards of cloth, and
two thousand pair of boots.
From Cork, that the Scots and Irish are at great differ-
ence, and the Irish fly to Connaught as their last refuge, ex-
cepting Spain. That the catholics hasten the prince into
Scotland to divert the army from Ireland, if they can possibly.
Granger and others, according to the sentence of parlia- Forgeries.
ment, lost their ears at the new Palace Yard in Westminster,
and at the Old Exchange in London for forging warrants
from the committee of the army, and counterfeiting hands to
bills of exchange ; whereby they procured 3<DOO/. to be paid
them out of the public treasuries in London and several
counties.
The high court of justice sat.
6. From Exeter, that the judges of assize there had much judges,
settled the people's minds, as to the present government, in
their charges to the grand jury, wherein the lord chief jus-
tice Holies and judge Nicholas were very much commended.
An account of shipping some troops designed for Ireland.
From Towcester, that the officers and people in that coun-
try did generally and cheerfully subscribe the engagement.
From Liscard, that the committee were very active in set-
tling the militia, and the country were ready to come in and
be listed.
8. From Chester, that Kilkenny was surrendered upon Scar-
articles unto the lord-lieutenant ; that colonel Hewson, in his bo
return to Dublin, with part of his brigade, took Scarlough
the great tory, and divers priests and friars accidentally, and
that the lord-lieutenant besieged Cartherlow.
From Scarborough, that the governor having notice of a
small man of war belonging to the prince, he got a north sea
vessel, and sent captain Lassels with fifty men in her to see
172 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
if they could meet with the pirate who lay near to that har-
bour.
449 That the pirate espying this little vessel at sea came out to
her and set upon her, her men having orders to keep close,
and not be seen till the word given; and as soon as the
pirates were ready to board, the soldiers came forth and fell
on them, forced their men, being twenty-nine, under deck,
and brought away them and their ship to Scarborough, six
of their men and one captain being slain : and all the men in
the pirate's ship were papists, and those who had long used
this course of piracy.
9. An act and declaration passed for imposing penalties
upon such as purchase any crown lands, as original creditors,
and pay with assigned or false bills.
An additional act passed for the further ease and relief of
poor prisoners.
Orders. Order that the lords commissioners of the great seal take
care that all indictments, outlawries, and other acts against
any person for adhering to the parliament, remaining upon
record, be searched out, taken off the file, cancelled and
burnt, as things scandalous and void.
Order that all patents for granting any title of honour to
any person after the carrying away of the great seal to Ox-
ford, be annulled and made void.
And that they do not take that title to whom it is granted,
nor any presume to give it them, and that the lords com-
missioners do prepare an act for that purpose.
An act read for laying an imposition upon coals towards
the building of ships.
An act read against transportation of gold and bullion out
of this nation beyond seas.
An additional act passed for providing maintenance for
ministers by augmentations.
Vote, that no merchant or trader beyond seas shall have
any place in the custom-house during the time that he
tradeth.
That the arms of the king be taken down in all ships, and
the generals at sea to see it done.
That the arms of the king be taken down in all churches
and chapels, and the justices of peace, churchwardens, and
other officers, ordered to see it done.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 173
That the council of state have power to remove from Lon-
don, and twenty miles distance from thence, all such delin-
quents whose abode there they shall judge to be dangerous.
An act passed empowering commissioners to put in execu-
tion the powers formerly given to the commissioners for
compounding with delinquents, the committee of Haber-
dashers'-hall, &c.
10. An account of transporting forces for Ireland.
Letters that Ormond is desirous to go out of Ireland, and
Inchequin to come in to the parliament.
From Lisbon, that general Blake with the parliament's General
fleet arrived there, and understood that prince Rupert in-
tended to set sail from thence within two days ; whereupon
Blake sent to the king of Portugal for leave to come into the
river of Lisbon, and coming near with his ships, the castle
shot at him.
That upon this Blake came to an anchor, and sent a boat
to know the reason why they shot at him : the captain of the
great castle made answer, that they had no order from the
king to let them come in.
That the merchants' ships that came with Blake seeing this,
set sail for the Straits.
After this the king sent one of his greatest nobles to con-
gratulate with Blake, and to desire him not to come in ex-
cept the weather proved bad, whereby he could not ride
where he was, it being his majesty's fear that he and prince
Rupert would quarrel and fight in his harbour. The king
also sent to Blake a large present of fresh provisions for his
refreshment.
That the weather beginning to be foul, Blake came into the
bay of Wyers in the river, two miles from prince Rupert,
whose men came daily from him to Blake, and one of his
ships, the Swallow, was coming away, but was discovered,
and the boatswain clapped in chains, that the admiral had
not above forty seamen in his ship, and very few in the rest
of his fleet.
That captain Molton went on shore from Blake to satisfy
the king of the falsities of prince Rupert's declaration.
11. A Scots vessel taken by an Irish man-of-war was res-
cued by a Dutchman.
174 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
The commissioners settled the militia in Cornwall.
From Chepstow, that at the assizes was as great an ap-
pearance of gentlemen and freeholders as ever was seen in
that county.
One tried and found guilty there for poisoning his wife,
and was upon his own words greatly suspected to have poi-
soned his four wives and three children.
Orders issued that every regiment of foot should be re-
cruited to twelve hundred, the colonel's company to be two
hundred, the lieutenant-colonel's company one hundred and
sixty, the major's one hundred and forty, and the other seven
companies to be one hundred apiece.
Scots. 12. From Scotland, that notice being had of their com-
missioners arriving in Holland, the kirk kept a day of humi-
liation to seek God for a blessing upon the treaty, and en-
joined the like through Scotland.
That many German officers are there expecting employ-
ment when the king comes thither.
That Cromwell granting liberty of conscience to the Irish,
they will all submit to him.
13. From Dublin, that the governor, colonel Hewson,
after he had taken Lawlinbridge, by order marched with a
strong party, and met the lord-lieutenant at Gauran, five
miles from Kilkenny, and March 19 entered the town without
opposition.
Ireland. That the castle stood out, and after a sharp dispute upon
one attempt to storm, the common soldiers (that they might
have quarter for themselves) delivered up their officers, viz.
colonel Hammond, major Townly, two captains, one quarter-
master, one lieutenant, and a priest.
March 22. All the officers were shot to death except the
lieutenant, who was spared, for that he joined with the sol-
diers to deliver up the officers, and the priest was hanged ;
the soldiers that were English took up arms with ours.
Kilkenny. Next day our forces marched towards Kilkenny, and, March
24, were necessitated to attempt a storm to divert the ene-
my's forces from falling upon a party of ours, who were then
attempting another part of the town, called Irish Town.
Our men were forced to retreat, but yet the design took
effect ; for by that means the whole strength of the enemy
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 175
was held in play, while our other party gained Irish Town :
captain Higly was slain in the attempt, with about seven or
eight of our common soldiers.
Then colonel Hewson led on the reserve very gallantly,
and received a slight shot ; then the town beat a parley,
and sent forth commissioners, and after a day's dispute it was
agreed,
That they should deliver the town with all the artillery, 450
arms, ammunition, and officers, only they should march a
mile out of town with colours flying, matchlight and ball
in mouth, and at a mile's end should deliver up all their
arms, except one hundred, to defend them from the tories,
and one hundred and ninety horse for the officers ; the
townsmen to have liberty for the three months to go or stay,
paying 2000^.
There was a good quantity of corn in the public store, with
a good number of arms : captain Frewen was unhappily
killed by a shot during the treaty, there being no cessation :
lieutenant-colonel Axtel is made governor of Kilkenny.
The plague is very hot there, and at Gouran ; yet it hath
pleased God so to preserve ours, that none of them have
perished by it, though frequently quartered in the infected
houses.
That Axtel, the new governor, had the command of the
storm, and received a shot in the back, which pierced his
buff- coat and a little bruised the flesh.
That sir Theophilus Jones, Dr. Jones, colonel Reynolds,
and their regiments, with some dragoons and foot, were or-
dered to attend the earl of Castlehaven, with whom Ferald
was to join, but there were great discontents between them.
That the governor, with three troops of horse, returned and
marched to Castle Dermont, a great part whereof the enemy
had burnt the day before, and betook themselves to a strong
tower : the governor caused great store of straw and other
combustible materials to be put to the door and set on fire,
which caused those within to cry out for mercy ; and in the
tower were taken captain Sherlock, who had been a bloody
tory, and three friars.
That colonel Trevor left the enemy and carne to Dublin
upon license formerly granted him by the governor, and that
176 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
the Irish had chosen the earl of Antrim for their general,
colonel Trevor for lieutenant-general of horse, and Hugh
Boyoneal for major-general.
A party of our forces from Trym fell into the enemy's
quarters, killed some of them, and returned with three hun-
dred cows and forty garrons.
That the lord-lieutenant was quartered in an infected
house, and many of his officers and soldiers lay in the sick
beds of those that died of the plague, and yet not one of
them died of the infection.
The lord-lieutenant returned from Kilkenny to the siege
of Clonmel.
15. From Berwick, that in Scotland were great prepara-
tions for entertainment of the king.
Witches. That at a little village within two miles, two men and three
women were burnt for witches, and nine more were to be
burnt, the village consisting but of fourteen families, and
there were as many witches.
That twenty more were to be burnt within six miles of
that place, and all their goods are forfeited to the king and
the lords.
From Ireland, that the lord Broghil went with a party into
the county of Limerick, which so terrified the enemy, that
they and the inhabitants fled with their goods and cattle over
the Shanon into Clare, having set fire on all their houses and
castles, so that the parliament's forces were fain to retreat
into Tipperary. That the plague was very hot in Kilkenny,
Limerick, and other places.
Letters from the lord-lieutenant of the former passages,
and that at the storming of Kilkenny they lost thirty men ;
that it was not performed with the usual courage and success ;
that they had made two retrenchments or counterworks,
strongly palisaded, and both of them did so command the
breach that it was a mercy they did not further contend for
an entrance there :
That an officer attempting to pass over the bridge into the
city to fire the gate, which indeed was done with good reso-
lution, but lying too open to the enemy's shot, he had forty
or fifty men killed and wounded : that the castle was exceed-
ing well fortified and capacious.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 177
That he, preparing for a second battery, the enemy seeing
himself thus begirt, sent for a treaty, and rendered the town
and castle upon articles.
That one lieutenant-colonel, three majors, eight captains,
being English, Welsh, and Scotch, with others, were pos-
sessed of Cantwell, a strong castle situate in a bog, well fur-
nished with provisions, and were ordered by sir Walter Butler,
governor of Kilkenny, to strengthen that garrison.
But they sent two officers to the lord-lieutenant to offer
him the place and their service, or that they might have
passes to go beyond sea to serve foreign states ; which last
was consented to.
That colonel Abbot attempted Enisnag, where were gotten
a company of rogues who revolted from colonel Jones. The
soldiers capitulated for life, and their two officers were hanged
for revolting.
That adjutant-general Sadler with two guns reduced some
castles in the counties of Tipperary and Kilkenny, then sum-
moned Pulkerry, a garrison under Clonmel, battered it, and
they refusing to come out he stormed it, put thirty or forty
of them to the sword, and the rest remaining obstinate were
fired in the castle.
That he took Ballo Poin, the enemy marching away, and
leaving their arms behind them. Upon the like terms he
took the Granno and Donkill, considerable places to Water-
ford.
Complaints for want of money; that the horse have not
had one month's pay of five ; he earnestly presseth for sup-
plies ; that not above two thousand are come to them of the
five thousand recruits ordered.
Concerning his coming over into England, he confesseth he
received many private intimations of the parliament's pleasure
for his coming over, and copies of their votes, but all these
were but private intimations; that he received not the speaker's
letter till March 22, which was dated Jan. 8, and then sup-
posed the army to be in winter quarters, and the time of the
year not suitable for present action : he concludes thus :
Making this as the reason of your command, and your forces
having been in action ever since Jan. 29, and your letter, which was
to be the rule of my obedience, coming to my hands after our having
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. N
178 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
been so long in action, with respect had to the reasons you were
pleased to use therein ;
And having received a letter (signed by yourself) of the 26th of
Feb., which mentions not a word of the continuance of your pleasure
concerning my coming over j I did only conceive it much consisteth
with my duty humbly to beg a positive signification what your
will is ;
Professing, (as before the Lord,) that I am most ready to obey
your commands herein with all alacrity ; rejoicing only to be about
that work which I am called to by those whom God hath set over
me, which I acknowledge to be you ; and fearing only in obeying
you to disobey you :
45 * I most humbly and earnestly beseech you to judge for me, whe-
ther your letter doth not naturally allow me the liberty of begging
a more clear expression of your command and pleasure, which, when
vouchsafed unto me, will find most ready and cheerful observance
from, sir,
Your most humble servant,
Carrick, 2 April, 1650. O. CROMWELL.
Directed To the Speaker.
16. An act passed empowering commissioners for manag-
ing estates under sequestration.
An act passed for the better keeping of the Lord's day.
An act passed for preventing wrongs and abuses done to
merchants at sea, and prohibiting mariners from serving fo-
reign princes or states without license ; and to empower the
council of state to issue commissions under the seal of the
admiralty, giving authority to English ships to fight with
and take such French or other foreign ships as shall require
them to be visited, or disturb them in their trade, under
colour of visiting.
Provided, that if they take any foreign vessels, that, after
the fight, they shall not kill any persons therein.
A declaration passed upon this act.
An act for general commissions of mark committed.
An act for reducing and bringing in all the moneys and
revenues belonging to the commonwealth into one treasury,
committed.
Petition. 17. Upon a petition from divers of London, Westmin-
ster, &c., the house voted,
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 179
That the scope thereof was to bring scandal and reproach upon Vote,
the just and necessary laws and proceedings of the parliament, and
to weaken the present government, to give thereby advantage to the
common enemy, and to raise new tumults and troubles in the nation.
Referred to a committee to examine by whom and by what
practices this petition was contrived and promoted.
From Pendennis, that the commissioners settle the militia
there; from Scilly, conjectures of a contest there betwixt
the English and Irish.
18. From Pool, of a man of war of two hundred tons
wrecked upon that coast ; that she struck ground about mid-
night, and could never be got off again ; that they fired eight
guns, but no help came to them till next day noontide ; in
the mean time the ship brake in two parts, and all the people
which were in that part that fell away were drowned sud-
denly :
That the other part stood firm above water till the next
day about two o'clock in the afternoon, when a gentleman,
living near, got a boat, and brought away about sixty men,
women, and boys, and saved their lives :
That before they were got to shore, the other part of the
ship wherein they were brake to pieces, and sunk down into
the sea, and that in all there were drowned about fifty men,
women, and children, passengers ; and goods, gold, silver,
pearl, and rich jewels, to a great value.
From Holland, that Montrose is at Bergen in Norway, Montrose.
staying for some officers and men that he left at Hamburgh ;
that he hath sent five hundred men to Orkney ; that sir
John Cockeran hath received some moneys from the king of
Poland and from Dantzick for the prince ; that general King
can procure nothing in Sweden :
That the agent sent by Montrose into Livonia, Courland,
and Lithuania, is come back with little comfort ; that his fri-
gate, with ten guns and forty men, is gone from Gottenburgh
to him into Norway :
That nothing is done at the treaty at Breda, the prince of
Orange not being yet come thither, and the king's council
are unwilling to resolve any thing without him, because they
expect his assistance, and to transport them into Scotland.
19. From Exon, five men secured for swearing to each
180 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
other to be ready for a rising, to cut the throats of all the
parliament's friends, &c.
From Chepstow, of a Scotchman who went about begging,
but he went about under that pretence to inform the king's
friends that there would be shortly a strong party of Scots
in their country to join with them to set up king Charles II.
From Coventry, of the care of the earl of Denbigh and
other commissioners for settling the militia of that county,
of two regiments of horse and two of foot, besides those of
the city, and their being feasted at the city's charge.
Complaint of rudeness of some troopers, and that they fell
out, and two or three of them were killed.
From Bristol, of a highwayman that came to the mayor,
and confessed that he had been a long time in that wicked
course, and was weary of it, and if they would procure him
his pardon, he would discover many robbers to them; and
accordingly he invited his old companions to go forth with
him as formerly, and when they were together he had a party
of soldiers ready, who came and apprehended them.
From Chester, that the lord-lieutenant having great offers
from Inchequin, is hasted to Limerick, where a hundred die
of the plague weekly :
That Hugh O'Neale, chief in Clonmel, offers to yield the
place for a sum of money, so that his garrison there may be
transported for the Spanish service :
That sir Charles Coot and major-general Venables are
marched out with five thousand horse and foot (as is sup-
posed) towards Catherlowe, which is a very strong hold, en-
compassed with the river Barrowe.
20. Orders for completing of twelve regiments of horse of
the army under lieutenant-general Fairfax, eight of them to
six hundred in a regiment, and four to eighty in a troop.
Information by colonel Shilborne, come from Ireland, that
sir Thomas Armstrong having made his terms to come in,
and by agreement being to do some service at his best op-
portunity, he, with a considerable party of horse that were
to come in with him, fell upon a party of the Ulster forces,
put near five hundred of them to the sword, and brought
away some prisoners.
Thus did thieves and soldiers betray one another ; and you
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 181
will see more of the same nature hereafter according to the
old verse,
Nulla fides pietasque viris qui castra sequuntur.
The lord-lieutenant sent this sir Thomas Armstrong to the
governor of Waterford upon some overtures of surrender of
the town upon terms; the governor of Duncannon desired
twenty days to fit his business to come off the better ; the
lord-lieutenant suspecting it as a delay would give him but
three days only.
For Waterford two points were in difference :
i. For general Preston to have leave to carry away five
hundred men for Spain, which the lord-lieutenant inclined
to grant.
1. For a church for exercise of public mass, which the
lord- lieutenant positively denied.
22. From Berwick, that Montrose and Hurrey are raising a 45 2
great army to march into England.
From Edinburgh, that they are strongly alarmed with in-
telligence that Hurrey is landed in the Naas with fourteen
hundred men, and that Montrose is speedily to follow from
Orkney :
That David Lesley is gone out of town, and the Scots
horse ordered northward.
From Pendennis, that the commissioners of the militia Massey.
secured some persons of quality ; that a letter was sent to
one Courtney with a declaration from major-general Massey,
revolted to the prince.
From Dartmouth, of the people's freely taking the engage-
ment.
From Denbigh, of the death of the archbishop of York
and of divers others of quality; that the people willingly
took the engagement.
From Cork, that Mac Charty and O Sullivant are eight
hundred, and two hundred small horse, called garrons :
That the bishop of Cloher was of late in competition for
the title of generalissimo, and boasted to bring seven hun-
dred Roman catholics into the field ; that both he and Or-
mond have not above twelve hundred horse and three thou-
sand foot :
That upon the rendition of Cant weirs-court, a place near
Kilkenny, exceeding strong by nature and art, twelve offi-
182 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
cers of quality came in to the lord-lieutenant, and had leave
to embark for Spain :
That the riding of the parliament's ships in the mouth of
the Shanon blocks up the Limerick vessels and Duncannon :
That the parliament forces are recovered from a sick and
languishing condition, the flux and fever (the two predomi-
nant distempers) much abated, and the garrisons kept clear
and healthy, through the mercy of God, none having any
infection.
For the condition of the army, and what the lord-lieute-
nant and his officers have brought it unto, (which is a good
precedent,) he thus describes :
Our foot are in a gallant posture, well armed, well clothed ; and
for bread, corn, and other things, plentifully provided for by the state.
Letters. The parliament indeed gave full power to the council of
state to take care for supply of their forces ; and the council
used the greatest care and diligence that possibly could be
that nothing might be wanting for the carrying on of the
business of Ireland and for the forces there : the letter goes
on :
The army's diligence, courage, thankfulness, and behaviour is
such, through the strict care and providence of our general and
chief officers, that never men did obey orders more cheerfully, nor
go upon all duty more courageously.
Never did greater harmony appear or resolution to prosecute this
cause of God than in this army ; such a consent of hearts and hands,
such a sympathy in affection, not only in a carnal but spiritual bond,
which lies faster than chains of adamant.
I have often observed (especially in that time and those actions) a
wonderful consent of the officers and soldiers, and indeed of all the
parliament forces, upon the ground of doing service for God, and
how miraculously they were all in their actions successful. The
mind of man being satisfied and fixed upon God, and that his un-
dertaking is for God's glory, it gives the greatest courage to those
men and prosperity to their actions.
The letter says further,
Our musters are strict ; here is no free quarter allowed nor prac-
tised ; either they pay or give ticket, which being demanded by the
poorest Irish, is not, durst not be denied by any officer.
Our horse have in many places wanted hay, but by the supply of
oats from England have made good shift with straw ; we have seven
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 183
thousand horse, and our foot trebles that number, yet are English
recruits of moneys and necessaries to be continued.
And by this government of the army in Ireland, and the Cromwell,
great success of it, and the well ordering of the civil affairs of
that kingdom, Cromwell got a very great interest, not only
in the officers of the army, both there and here, but likewise
in the parliament and council of state, and with their whole
party ; only the Scots and presbyterians generally were no
favourers of him or his proceedings.
23. An act passed for the better observation of the Lord's
day, days of thanksgiving and humiliation.
Order of the trustees appointed by parliament for provid-
ing maintenance for ministers and other pious uses, for those
who have augmentations to their benefices, to make their
claims by a day.
24. From Edinburgh, that sir John Hurrey is come with
fourteen hundred men into Cathness, and the rear of his
army is to follow from Montrose :
This Hurrey was an officer in the pay and service of the
parliament, and revolting from them, he now was an officer
under Montrose : he seized a pass.
That major-general Middleton was sent for by the estates :
he was likewise an officer in the service and pay of the par-
liament : he revolted from the parliament, and was now in
service in his own country, and backward he was yet to en-
gage in this business, not liking it, and pretending to be ill.
That at Breda all is private ; none can tell what is done but
the king and the commissioners, all writings being locked
up, and guards put upon the clerks.
That the clergy in Scotland have procured strict orders Scots,
from the commissioners of the estates for the prosecuting of
sectaries, and have a great arbitrary power in proceeding
against them, and they are purged out of the army as well
as malignant s.
25. The trustees for sale of the lands of the late king, &c.,
gave a day for all debentures to be brought in for the sol-
diers^ arrears, and new debentures to be given them.
Orders of the committee for the accounts of the soldiery
touching their arrears.
26. The general and the officers of the army kept a day of Army,
184 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
humiliation at Somerset-house, to seek God for a blessing
upon the present undertakings of the army.
Petition. A petition to the parliament from the officers of the army
in behalf of themselves and the soldiery,
Reciting the engagement of the parliament to satisfy their ar-
rears, and the transferring the security for 600, cool, for their arrears
from the excise to the lands, parks, &c. of the late king, whereof
they hoped to receive the benefit for their past lawful service and
future encouragement :
Yet they are informed that a fifth part of the parks are to be al-
lowed for a pretended interest of herbage and pawnage to those who
claim custodies of those parks for lives, whereas it were the full
value if they had the fee-simple, and nothing is due to them but
their fee only : and this course will weaken if not invalid the in-
tended security, as discontent and discourage the soldiery.
453 They pray that no such allowances may be made,
And that the parliament would declare their resolutions herein
speedily, before the army marched from hence.
27. From Edinburgh, that Hurrey and Montrose have
three thousand men and one thousand more coming in to
them, whereupon lieutenant-general Lesley is ordered north-
ward with most of the horse and one thousand four hundred
foot, who labours to appease them by his protestations of
faithfulness to the king, and persuasion to forbear intestine
broils, seeing in a little time the king and they may come to
an agreement, and then go jointly against the common enemy,
the sectaries of England.
29. From Berwick, that messengers are to be sent to Moii-
trose's party to know their intentions, and if the answer be
not satisfactory, then to fight them is the resolution. That
Montrose's party raise all the country where they go, from
sixteen to sixty.
That the committee of estates have seven thousand foot and
thirty troops of horse, which are marched northward.
That one Peter Gordon having notice of a search for delin-
quents, he being a notable one, took four others with him in
a boat and boarded a ship in the harbour, wherein were one
thousand two hundred bushels of wheat, and twelve fats of
wine, and carried them and the ship to Orkney.
Scots That the grandees caused subscriptions to be taken in the
bonds.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 185
way of bonds with conditions to obey the laws, and preserve
the peace, &c.
30. Debate upon the petition of the officers of the army,
and voted that for fourteen days nothing but public business
touching money be taken into consideration.
An act passed for empowering the commissioners for se-
questrations to examine upon oath, and to give acquittances
for the moneys they shall receive.
An act prohibiting the exportation of coin and bullion into
foreign parts committed.
An act for sale of the lands of the lord Deincourt com-
mitted.
Debate upon the act against incest, adultery, and forni-
cation.
Vote that the carmen be a distinct company from the
woodmongers, subject to the government of the city of
London.
May 1650.
1. From Chester, that major-general Venables and sir
Charles Coot kept the field, and sir Charles had reduced
many small forts near Carrickfergus.
From Dublin, that the Irish have got into a great body
near Trym.
From Exon, that most of the late secured gentlemen of
Cornwall, upon assurance of their peaceable living at home
given under their hands, and a negative engagement not to
act anything prejudicial to the present government, are per-
mitted to return to their own houses.
From Dublin, that the parliament's forces had taken in Ireland,
the strong castle of Tully, and lost captain Eriffe and two
other officers ; that they fell upon Mac Phaileas's quarters,
killed near two hundred, lost cornet Puffey; that colonel
Reynolds with a brave brigade attends the enemy's motion.
That the earl of Castlehaven and lieutenant general Farrel
mustered all their forces to a great body; that sir Charles
Coot had taken in Inniskilling and some other forts.
From Taunton, that the mayor, who was formerly for the
parliament, now refused to take the engagement, was turned
out by the corporation, and they chose a new mayor.
From Berkshire, that five drunkards agreed to drink the
king's health in their blood, and that each of them should
186 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
fcut off a piece of his buttock and fry it upon a gridiron ;
which was done by four of them ; of whom one did bleed so
exceedingly, that they were fain to send for a chirurgeon, and
so were discovered.
That the wife of one of them, hearing that her husband was
among them, came to the room, and taking up a pair of
tongs, laid about her, and so saved the cutting of her hus-
band's flesh. |
2. From Monmouth, of malignants secured, and one of
them with a declaration of major-general's Massey's in his
pocket, and of proclaiming an act of parliament at the county
court by order from the council of state.
From Scilly, that there are seven hundred Irish and four-
teen hundred English, and great store of provisions j that
sir Richard Green vil is expected with four thousand men
from Cornwall.
That there was a plot by the Irish to cut off the English,
which being discovered, one of the Irish officers was shot to
death and three sent to Jersey, and English officers put in
the head of the Irish.
Proposals. From Dublin, of a meeting of Ormond, Castlehaven, the
bishop of Clogher and others ; where Ormond proposed,
whether they could make up an army fit to engage with
Cromwell :
Ireland. If not, whether it were not necessary to draw all their
strength into these quarters, and utterly waste them, that
they might not be able to subsist:
If they were not able to do that, whether it were
not convenient to make propositions of peace for the
kingdom :
If not that, then, whether it would not be necessary for
every man to make conditions for himself.
The conclusion was, that they would fall into the parlia-
ment's quarters, and destroy all, both protestants and papists.
But this so distasted the country gentlemen, that they put
off the business till another council.
The governor of Dublin sent to colonel Reynolds and sir
Theophilus Jones, who have three thousand five hundred men
to come to his assistance.
3. From Pendennis, that divers vessels of the Dutch were
taken by the Irish men of war and brought into Scilly, which
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 187
the Dutch agent could not get released, and therefore the,
Dutch had commissions to take the Irish ships.
4. From Dublin, that Ormond and his council resolved to
fall into the parliaments quarters, and to burn and spoil what
they can, but sir Theophilus Jones and colonel Reynolds are
upon their march with two thousand horse and three thou-
sand foot towards them, and that notice hereof was sent to
sir Charles Coot, who had taken the field with three thousand
men.
6. Letters from Edinburgh, that colonel Strachan's, colonel Montrose
Griffith's, and part of colonel Ker's forces, with two other
troops and sixty foot, fell upon Montrose's party in Ross,
routed them, and took five hundred prisoners, among them,
Hurrey, Napier, and Fenerick, and slew three hundred. That
Montrose himself hardly escaped : they took his horse, pistols,
belt, and scabbard, and have sent a party to pursue him.
From Barnstable, of troops shipped for Ireland.
7. Upon a report from the committee of the army, voted 454
that two months1 pay be provided for the marching army.
Upon consideration of drawing the forces this summer (as
there may be occasion) into several parts of this nation, and
that they may have pay wheresoever they come, and the
country be secured from free quarter ;
Voted, that there be an assessment towards the mainte-
nance of the forces in England and Ireland for six months,
after the rate of 90,000^. per mensem for the first three
months, and 6o,ooo/. per mensem for the last three months.
A declaration passed concerning the compositions of de-
linquents.
An act enabling grantees of wards1 lands to pass their
grants under the great seal, and to enjoy their grants, com-
mitted.
Order touching the charges upon deans' and chapters' lands
for pious uses.
A representation to the parliament from the gentlemen Durham,
freeholders and inhabitants of the county of Durham, de-
livered by the grand jury at the assizes, and sent up by the
high sheriff to the parliament to this effect :
i. That the courts of justice amongst them being suspended and
removed to Westminster, they cannot sue for any small debt or sum,
but the cost exceeded the debt, and suits are multiplied to six hun-
188 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
dred writs in one term, and fines and recoveries of their estates are
unperfected.
That such an establishment may be had of courts of justice as the
parliament shall think fit.
2. That the college and houses of the dean and chapter, being now
empty and in decay, may be employed for erecting a college, school,
or academy for the benefit of the northern countries, which are so far
from the universities.
3. That part of the lands of the dean and chapter near the city
may be set out to trustees for pious uses.
Referred to a committee to state this business, and report
their opinions touching the desires of the county.
Upon a letter from the aldermen and common-council of
Bridgewater, of their removing the mayor, for refusing to
take the engagement, and choosing another, the house ap-
proved thereof.
8. From Bristol two men were apprehended who were
leaders of the countrymen that fell upon colonel Reeves' s
soldiers quartered near the city.
That a soldier was shot to death for murder.
Of several recruits embarked for Ireland.
From Yarmouth, of settling the militia in Norfolk, four
regiments of foot and one of horse ; that many of the cava-
liers take the engagement.
That the general published orders to be observed for the
hospital of Ely-house, where the maimed soldiers were.
Leeds. 9. A petition from the inhabitants of Leeds in Yorkshire
against an illegal patent for incorporating that town, desiring
it may be vacated.
From Coventry, of the militia of that county settled, of
seven hundred horse and twelve hundred foot.
From Towcester, of recruits willingly come in.
From Stafford, of a discovery of a design for an insurrec-
tion there upon the advance of the army.
Whereupon colonel Sanders and colonel Twisselden se-
cured the high sheriff and other gentlemen.
10. From Londonderry, that the lord president is marched
forth with three thousand foot and twelve hundred horse, by
the lord-lieutenant's desire, towards Connaught, but will not
be able to make any considerable attempt upon that pro-
vince for want of shipping to convey his ordnance and
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 189
provisions, the ways there being exceeding boggy and moun-
tainous.
Yet this will be gained by marching to the borders of it,
(which is the chief thing aimed at by the lord-lieutenant,)
that the forces under Clanrickard will not dare to march out
of their own country to join with the forces under Castle-
haven, or with any brigade of the enemy.
From Edinburgh, that Montrose's forces being grown up.Montrose.
to about four thousand horse and foot, and two thousand
more expected, they divided themselves into two parties, and
so marched out of Cathness into Sutherland, having at first
taken the strong castle of Dunheith, which is near encom-
passed with the sea.
In it was taken 1 5oo/. sterling and store of provisions : the
earl of Sutherland fled, and divers ministers ; yet some minis-
ters were taken, and some joined with them.
This hot alarum caused David Lesley to hasten from his
rendezvous at Brichen, and to desire the rest of his forces left
with Holborn to march up to him: he in the mean while
goes on with what he had, and raising as many as he could
by the way, came up to about three thousand men.
Montrose sends up a proposal, that he might freely, with
as many as would voluntarily join with him, pass into Eng-
land, and he would engage to do violence to none in his
passage.
But lieutenant-colonel Strachan, and the others before
mentioned, being many miles before the rest of the army,
(though the sectary troops,) ventured to engage the enemy,
routed Montrose^s whole army, slew about three hundred,
took five hundred prisoners, among them Renegado Urrey
and other persons of quality.
That the kirkmen a little before vented in public, that the Kirk,
treaty was but a juggling to deceive the godly party, when
(as was believed) they had before heard, that the treaty was
concluded, with a full coming up to the kirk's demands.
Mr. L'loyd, chaplain to the lord-lieutenant, brought letters
from him, that he was set down before Clonmel, and his guns
planted. That after that business shall be over, he intended
to come for England. That two officers, going to view the
town, were taken prisoners.
190 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That the enemy in Clonmel are about two thousand foot
and one hundred and twenty horse.
11. Letters that Wogan the revolter, with five hundred foot,
came to take possession of Bourough-castle, which the lord-
lieutenant's forces hearing of, marched towards him, but
Wogan quitted the castle, leaving only fourteen men, who
upon the approach of the lord-lieutenant's forces yielded upon
quarter.
That sir Hardress Waller's forces took Laugher-castle, a
considerable fort within six miles of Limerick, and an attempt
of his to take Kilmallock prevented by a discovery, but his
forces possessed an abbey near the town.
Montrose. 13. From Berwick, that the news of routing of Montrose's
forces doth much distract the malignants.
That the committee of estates have given Mr. Strachan
loooL sterling and a gold chain, and to Hacket TOGO marks
sterling, and to Kifiin 50^., and to the soldiers engaged in that
service three months' pay.
From Holland, that the Scots king went from Breda to the
455 Hague ; that the Scots commissioners proclaimed their king
at Breda to be king of Scotland, England, and Ireland ; and
that the agreement was set up there upon posts.
Adultery 14. The act passed for suppressing the detestable sins of
incest, adultery, and fornication.
H.Martin. Upon which Mr. Henry Martin declared his opinion, that
the severity of the punishment by this act, being death, would
cause these sins to be more frequently committed, because
people would be more cautious in committing them for fear
of the punishment, and being undiscovered would be em-
boldened the more in the commitment of them.
Order for a bill for the maintenance of the ministers in
Colchester.
An act passed for securing such sums of money as shall be
sent for the service of the navy and army.
Order for colonel Alexander Popham to raise a regiment of
horse in Somersetshire, to be a part of the militia of that
county, and to be kept together for the public service, and
referred to the council of state to grant him a commission.
15. From Chester, that Wexford men have beaten Phelim
Birne, killed four of his captains, and one hundred and
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 191
twenty of his men, and have taken Fyrnes and Cornow from
him.
That the Irish army in Ulster will not fight with sir Charles
Coot, but are withdrawn into their quarters. That the Lem-
ster army is retreated over the Shanon, and the lord-lieu-
tenant is master of the field in all places.
From Exon, that in settling the militia in that county,
they only appoint captains, and no other officers.
From the Hague/ that the king and the Scots commis-
sioners were come from Breda thither, and the treaty between
them agreed.
From the Isle of Wight, that a ship of five guns, belonging
to sir George Carteret, governor of Jersey, bound for Virginia,
with many passengers, all sorts of goods, and tools for hus-
bandry, for planting an island, which the prince had given
to sir George, was taken by captain Green and brought in
thither.
16. From Litchfield, of one who under the notion of a Trepan,
cavalier addressed himself to divers gentlemen of that coun-
try, acquainting them that he had instructions from the king
to desire them to sign an engagement which he showed them,
and got many of them to subscribe it, then discovered it to
the officers of Litchfield, who sent for those gentlemen and
made them prisoners.
From Taunton, of many volunteers listed for the service of
Ireland.
From Hull, that an Irish frigate brought to Amsterdam
two great lords who escaped out of Ireland, and reported that
the king was undone in his interest there.
That the governor of Hull renewed a proclamation, that no
master or owner of any ship coming to Hull, or in the har-
bour, should receive in any passenger to go beyond seas, or
land any coming from beyond seas, without notice given to
the governor.
A design was discovered, and the plotters apprehended.
It was to seize Pendennis-castle for the prince.
Order for a day of humiliation through the kingdom.
17. Letters that Montrose was taken two or three days
after the fight, sixteen miles from the place of the engagement,
in a disguise, and sorely wounded.
From Dublin, that the governor was marched out with an
192 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
additional strength to join with sir Theophilus Jones and
colonel Reynolds, and that they would be about four thou-
sand :
That Castlehaven, Clanrickard, and Mac Thomas were
joined in a body, and that a spy numbered with them twenty-
five colours of foot, and ten colours of horse :
That Iniskiling was surrendered to sir Charles Coot, ac-
cording to the agreement : that the Irish army in the north
grow strong, and more forces to be sen£ to sir Charles Coot,
who already marcheth with two thousand seven hundred foot,
and eleven hundred horse :
That Castlehaven and his party are retreated towards
Connaught :
That the parliament's forces in Wicklow have taken Femes
and Carnow, and have killed one hundred and twenty of
Mac Phelim's men.
Montrose. 18. From Edinburgh, the particulars of Montrose' s defeat,
that he had but eleven hundred foot, and no horse, yet with
them marched fifty miles into the country, and would not
stay for the rest of his forces, nor those who were to join with
him, but sent to them to come after :
That he would not keep the hill, where he might have been
safe, but marched into the plain campania, where he had
neither lanes nor ditches to favour against the horse, in
which he knew the other party's strength consisted :
That some conceived that Montrose expected to meet with
David Lesley, who had received his propositions for marching
into England, and further overtures ; and did not expect to
have met with Strachan and his sectary troops, who fell on
him ; and he having no horse was the more easily defeated.
From Newcastle, that sir William Fleming and others were
landed at Leith, with letters from the king and the commis-
sioners : that they were agreed of the substantial points, yet
with reference in some particulars to a resolution in parlia-
ment.
From Ireland, that colonel Reynolds fell upon the earl of
Castlehaven, killed twelve hundred of his men, and took as
many prisoners ; that they were struck with such a panic fear
that they made no resistance.
Montrose. 20. From Berwicke, that in Scotland Montrose was sen-
tenced to be quartered, and preparations for his execution,
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 193
before they heard from their king, or he from them, lest he
should intercede for his pardon.
That the king and their commissioners are unquestionably Scots.
agreed, but they hold it not fit for him to come thither till
they be in a better posture ; that they kept a day of thanks-
giving, and the ministers prayed exceedingly for the king's
coming, as one brought into the kirk, and therefore to God.
That the duke of Lorrain had promised to assist the king
with ten thousand men.
From the Bath, that four wagons came thither laden with
sick and maimed soldiers, who had good allowance from the
parliament to be there, in hopes of some help by those
waters ; that a private gentleman near that place sent them
201.
21. An act passed for a day of public humiliation.
An act passed for an assessment for the forces in England
and Ireland for six months, at 9o,ooo/. per mensem for the
first three months, and 60,000?. per mensem for the latter
three months.
Order that the lords commissioners of the great seal grant 45 6
a brief for a collection for losses by fire.
Order for colonel Bennet to raise a regiment of foot ; the
like for colonel Hayne.
A letter from the officers at the headquarters to the colo-
nels and governors of the respective regiments and garrisons
in England and Wales,
Exhorting them to prayer and to unity, and to join in Army,
keeping a day of humiliation set apart to seek God for his
assistance to them in all services whereunto they shall be
called : and to reform drunkenness, swearing, profanation of
the Lord's day, contempt of the ordinances of Christ, and all
sins in their several charges, and to sanctify the camp.
Order for an honourable reception of Mynheer Scaph, an
agent sent from the States of Holland to the parliament of
England.
22. Letters of designs against Pendennis-castle, and the
commissioners of the militia being very active, and giving
great assistance to them.
23. From Dartmouth, that two Irish pirates chased a mer-
chantman into the harbour, and attempted to board her at
noonday, but the governor rescued her.
WHITELOCK, VOL, III. O
194 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Law. Certain proposals were agreed upon to be presented to the
parliament, at a general meeting of attorneys and officers for
the reformation of the proceedings of law, whereby they hoped
that the client will be much secured, the creditor and pur-
chaser fully provided for, the charge of suits greatly abated,
and the process of law much shortened.
24. From Chester, that Trechohan was quitted and burnt
down by the enemy.
From Liverpool, report that Clonmel was taken by storm ;
and that the countrymen drawn together by the bishop of
Cloher were dispersed, and gone home, being not willing to
bear arms.
From the leaguer before Clonmel, that they prepared to
storm ; that all the English under Ormond had submitted to
the parliament.
That the enemy had lately two considerable defeats given
them, one in the county of Wexford by colonel Cook, who
routed the enemy, slew many, and took divers prisoners.
The other in the county of Cork, by the lord Broghil, who
slew about seven hundred, and took many prisoners, and
totally routed the party.
From Dublin, that they have recovered Drumore and other
forts.
25. From Hull, that the engagement was generally taken
by the inhabitants of the East Riding.
Suspicion of a plot.
From Coventry, that the country came in so fast to take
the engagement, that the commissioners could not give it to
all of them.
Scotland. From Edinburgh, that the lord Frendraght, of Montrose's
party, after his defeat, for vexation starved himself, and that
the lord Kinoul was also starved.
That the presbytery of Orkney and Cathnes had relaxed
Montrose of his excommunication.
That sir William Fleming arrived there with a letter to
Montrose, to disband about three hundred in Orkney under
his bastard brother.
That the commissioners' secretary was arrived with the
news of a full agreement with the king.
Ireland. From Bristol, that Clonmel was surrendered to the lord-
lieutenant upon articles, that they would have made con-
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 195
ditions for Ormondand Inchequin,but were refused; but passes
were offered for them to go beyond seas, which they would not
take ; but the lord Ardes and others of quality took them.
That colonel More and colonel Reynolds besieged Tet-
rogham.
That the bishop of Ross being taken in the late defeat at
Kerny, was hanged before a castle kept by his forces, who
thereupon surrendered it. That this bishop was wont to say,
there was no way to secure the English, but by hanging them :
and now came himself to be hanged.
That in this defeat at Kerny, the lord Broghil slew about
seven hundred, and took twenty captains, lieutenants, and
other officers, and the standard of the church of Minister, it
being a church army.
That the horse did the service before the foot came up, at
such a pass, where a hundred musketeers might have beaten
back all the horse in Ireland.
27. From Edinburgh, the particulars of the execution of Montrose's
Montrose, that being brought before the parliament the chan- ex
cellor made a large speech to him, telling him how much for-
merly he was for the covenant, and how he had since broken it.
He told them,
His cause was good, and that he had not only a commission but
particular orders for what he did from his majesty, whom he was
engaged to be a servant to, and they also had professed to comply
with ; and upon that account, however they dealt with him, he would
own them to be a parliament.
That if they would take away his life, the world knew he regarded
it not. It was a debt that must once be paid, and that he was will-
ing, and did much rejoice that he must go the same way his majesty
did. And it was the joy of his heart, not only to do but to suffer
for him.
The parliament gave sentence upon him,
That he should be hanged upon a gibbet six ells and a half high,
and after he was hanged, his head to be severed from his body, and
put upon the Talbooth at Edinburgh ; his right hand to be cut off,
and sent to Glascow, his left to Aberdeen ; his right foot to St.
Johnston, and his left to Dundee.
That all the time of his sentence and execution he seemed
to be no way altered, but his speech full of composure ; when
they bid him kneel, he told them he would observe any pos-
o 2
196 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
ture to manifest his obedience, especially to them who were so
near to a conjunction with his majesty : and a minister at-
tending to offer him absolution, he refused it from the min-
ister, but desired him to pray with him ; which the minister
refused, unless he would take absolution from him.
He himself prayed very zealously, and suffered with great
meekness and courage.
From Liverpool, that the engagement is willingly taken ;
that some powder and match going to some cavaliers was
seized upon.
28. A bill for settling the militia of the commonwealth
committed.
Order for an act to be brought in, to empower the militia
of London to raise horse, another for Westminster, another
to be for setting the poor to work throughout the nation.
Ireland. Letters from Clonmel, May 10.
Clonmel. This day we entered Cloumel, which was quit by the enemy
the last night, after a tedious storm, which continued four
hours. Our men kept close to the breach, which they had
entered, all the time, save only one accidental retreat in the
storm. We lost in this storm colonel Cullum and some other
officers, with divers private soldiers and others wounded.
457 The enemy had made many great preparations within by
a traverse or crosswork, and to beat our men off as they en-
tered ; but afterwards many of them stole out of the town,
and left some few with the inhabitants to make conditions :
in the morning our forces pursued and killed all they could
light upon.
29. From Newcastle, that the Scots are in daily expecta-
tion of their king's landing in some part of the north ; that
some parliament ships are wafting up and down on that coast
under captain Hall.
30. From Clonmel, that colonel Reynolds is waiting upon
the motions of Castlehaven with fifteen hundred horse and
dragoons :
That they found in Cloumel the stoutest enemy that ever
was found by the army in Ireland, and that there was never
seen so hot a storm of so long a continuance, and so gallantly
defended, neither in England nor Ireland.
From Portsmouth, of a man of war taken with the com-
mission of Charles II.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 197
From Berwick, that the Scots commissioners went beyond Scots.
their instructions in promising their king assistance against
England ; that their ministers pray for the confusion of the
sectarian army in England ; and that their army is marching
southwards.
31. From Coventry, that few or none of the commonalty
of that country but had taken the engagement.
From Bristol, that the lord-lieutenant of Ireland was
landed there, and that they fired their great guns thrice over
at his arrival.
From Guernsey, that major Harrison had besieged the
castle, and made one hundred and fifty shot at it.
From Dublin, that colonel Reynolds was sat down before Ireland.
Tecroghan, where colonel Hewson met him ; that they made
their approaches within pistol-shot of it without the loss of
one man :
That it is a very strong place, never possessed by the par-
liaments forces during all the time of the rebellion :
That the titular bishop of Clogher, general of the northern
Irish, marching with about three hundred horse and four
thousand foot, being faced by one thousand of the parlia-
ment's horse, retreated, and many of his men dispersed.
From Scotland, that Montrose would have nothing to do Scotland.
with the kirkmen at the time of his execution, and that the
people showed much sorrow and regret at his death :
That the Scots parliament invited the king thither, and
expect his sudden arrival ; that the lord Argyle (late turned
royalist) and other lords are so desirous of his coming, that
they postpone the church's interest thereto.
The lord-lieutenant of Ireland came to town ; he was met Cromwell.
on Hounslow-heath by many members of parliament and
/ officers of the army, and at Hyde-park saluted with great
guns, and a volley of shot from colonel Barkstead's regiment,
and lodged in Whitehall.
June 1650.
1. Great ceremonies and appearances of joy upon the
coming of the lord-lieutenant of Ireland to London ; most of
the persons of quality, the members of parliament, and offi-
cers of the army about the town, paid their visits to him, and
congratulated the safe arrival of his excellence after so many
198 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
dangers both by sea and land, wherein God had preserved
him, and the wonderful successes which he had given
him.
3. From Edinburgh, that the ministers are earnest in
prayer for the king's coming, but so that he may first con-
descend to all that is propounded; that they are busy in
settling officers for his majesty's house, and in purging the
army:
That letters came from the king, expressing much sorrow
at the report he hears that there is some blood of his good
subjects shed of late ; but not knowing how it is, desires to
understand the business fully : that sir John Urrey and co-
lonel Spotteswood are forthwith to be beheaded.
From Liverpool, that the excise was quietly settled in
those parts.
A soldier for swearing and blaspheming, and abusing a
poor woman to whom he owed money, was sentenced by the
court martial
To ride the wooden horse an hour three days, with a gag
in his mouth, to run the gantelope through two companies of
foot, to have his sword broken over his head, and to be ca-
shiered the army.
Cromwell. 4. Visits from the lord-lieutenant of Ireland to the lord
general Fairfax ; and the lord mayor and aldermen of Lon-
don visited and complimented his excellence.
The lord-lieutenant sat in parliament, and had the hearty
thanks of the house for his great and faithful services in Ire-
land.
Order for letters to the commissioners of the several coun-
ties to hasten the collecting of the assessment.
An act passed to empower the militia of London to raise
six hundred horse.
An act passed for the better payment of augmentations
out of sequestered impropriations and tithes.
An account to the parliament from Mr. Strickland, their
agent in Holland, and from Mr. Charles Vane, their agent in
Portugal, of their transactions.
From Ireland, of the taking two ships, with five hundred
barrels of powder, bound for Limerick :
That this town hath sent two aldermen forth to treat for
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 199
its surrender; that Kilmallock, and another strong place,
upon the news of Clonmel, were quitted by the enemy.
From Milford, of recruits shipping.
From Chester, that Trecoghan holds out : the castle is
much battered, but the place is reputed inaccessible :
That some of the forces from Clonmel are attempting Ca-
therlow; that most of the Irish get to a head near Charle-
mont ; that sir Luke Fitz-Gerald's lady defends Trecoghan.
From Pendennis, that there were two Dutch men of war,
with commissions to take such Ostenders, Jerseymen, and
Scillymen, and Irishmen, as had taken ships belonging to
their state.
5. An order from the general forbidding any soldiers to
meddle with matters of title, or holding of possessions.
From Plymouth, of the soldiers keeping a fast-day.
From Denbigh, that the commissioners for propagating
the gospel in Wales ejected many malignant and scandalous
ministers.
From Southampton, of a malignant Lancashire minister,
who being cast out of his living came and preached in those
parts, and endeavoured to promote the princess cause ; pro-
phesying of his legal authority, and the glory of it, and that
he shall govern this nation with much more glory than his 458
father did, and that a great plague should be this summer.
6. From Weymouth, of a fight at sea close under Port-
land, informed to be between one of the parliament's ships,
laden with ammunition for the fleet at Lisbon, and three
Irishmen; but who had the better of it they could not
know.
From Coventry, that colonel Pride and his regiment quar-
tering in the town, behaved themselves very civilly and or-
derly.
From the fleet before Lisbon, of a design by prince Ru-
pert to fire the admiral, by sending a boat with two negroes
and an Englishman in Portuguese habit, under pretence to
sell provisions to the fleet, and had a device to have fired the
ship:
But the Englishman casting out by chance an English
word, they were suspected, and apprehended ; the English-
man confessed all the business, and that prince Rupert pro-
mised him lool. to effect it,
200 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That prince Rupert standing on the shore to see this done,
when he perceived it was discovered, and the men appre-
hended, came to the water-side, where some seamen were
filling water, and asked them who they were for ; they an-
swered, "For the parliament :" whereupon the prince with his
company, calling them dogs, fell on them with swords and
pistols, killed two of them, wounded two more, and carried
away three of them prisoners, whom they keep in chains, and
have killed and taken several other seamen of the parlia-
ment's fleet there.
7. From Dublin, that one hundred and twenty of the
enemy came to relieve Trecoghan, thinking by stealth to get
over a bog ; but colonel Hewson having notice of it, sent
out a party of horse and foot, who killed sixty of them, and
pursued the rest to a bog, where they killed sixteen of them,
and took four prisoners :
That the soldiers which were in Clonmel fled to Water-
ford, and were there denied entrance, only Hugh Boy Oneal
and two or three more commanders were admitted :
That the plague is very hot there :
That the parliament's forces in the north recovered Tuum ;
which was surrendered through the terror of a mortar-piece,
that made only two shots, but none of the shells lighted
within forty yards of the place.
8. From Edinburgh, that Hamilton, Calandar, Lauderdale,
and other lords, are forbid to come into Scotland with the
king; that Calandar offered submission to the kirk, but it
would not do, and he is to depart the kingdom by a day,
under pain of ioo,ooo/. Scotch.
Blake. From Portugal, that general Blake had taken five of the
king of Portugal's ships, laden with rich commodities from
America, and sent word to the king, that unless he will com-
mand prince Rupert's fleet out from his river, they will en-
deavour to seize upon the rest of his fleet coming from
America.
Scotland. 10. From Berwick, that the parliament of Scotland sent a
letter to their king, expressing their affection to him, and
their rejoicing at the happy agreement, desiring him not to
be discouraged at some seeming obstacles, as the death of
Montrose, &c., they doing nothing therein but to accomplish
his interest :
IN THE YEAR MDCL.
That Hurrey and Spotteswood were beheaded; and an
acknowledgment made, that Spotteswood (a bishop's son)
was one of those that murdered Dr. Dorislaus in Holland,
and that another Scotchman, prisoner now at Edinburgh,
was of his company :
That a French marquis landed in the north of Scotland to
assist Montrose, not knowing what was become of him ; but
the marquis was secured, and from him were taken many
letters from the king, and from several princes and great
men, encouraging him in the business he had undertaken.
From York, of a fast-day kept there by the officers and
soldiers, and the like at Newcastle.
From Dublin, that Hewson from before Trecoghan writes
that Ormond and all the Irish were drawing down towards
them to raise the siege, and he sent for all the horse of these
quarters.
General Blake sent a paper to the king of Portugal of the
grievances declared to his majesty by the parliament's fleet
riding in the bay of Wyers against prince Rupert ; which them-
selves and others of their nation had suffered ; and now de-
sire justice.
11. The lord-lieutenant of Ireland gave an account to the Cromwell.
house of the whole state of affairs in Ireland, in relation to
their own forces in garrison and field, their present employ-
ment and settlement, and of the forces of the enemy, and the
garrisons yet in their power.
He left Ireton, his deputy in Ireland, to prosecute the
parliament's interest there.
The lord Scaph, agent from the States of Holland, had
audience with great respect.
An act passed for settling the militia of Westminster in
the same manner with that of London.
From Chester, that sir Charles Coot took from the Ulsters
two thousand cows :
That sir Thomas Armstrong is come into Dublin with
two hundred and fifty horse ; that the Lemster army lay be-
fore Trecoghan, and they were upon treaty of delivery :
That Ormond and Inchequin were come in, and under-
took that they and all the English and British shall join with
the parliament's forces against the popish army, and they
202 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
take six months to make their peace with the parliament, or
to go beyond seas :
That a strong party of the tories came near to Dublin, and
took away much cattle.
From Coventry, that a soldier of colonel Pride's regiment
was sentenced to be tied neck and heels together, and to be
set where the whole regiment should march by him, and to
be cashiered, for stealing a hen, and putting it under his
coat in his march : which justice pleased the country.
12. A letter from the officers of the general's regiment of
foot to their fellow-soldiers, exhorting them to prayer and
unity, and full of pertinent and wholesome scripture expres-
sions, and good counsel.
13. From Chester, that the bishop-general Macmoghun, a
vicious wicked wretch, is in the head of the northern Irish.
From Newcastle, that in the marches of Scotland they
have listed every fourth man ; that some of their forces are
marched to sea-towns to attend the arrival of their king;
that they are much started at the news of the English army's
marching northwards :
That they will not believe Cromwell to be come to London ;
that the kirkmen bid the people not to fear, as the malig-
nants, even so shall all sectaries perish.
The solemn fast kept, the parliament, council of state, ge-
neral Fairfax, lieutenant-general Cromwell, and the judges,
being all together.
459 14. From Edinburgh, that Dalgely of Montrose's party
being sentenced to be beheaded, and being brought to the
scaffold, ran and kissed the scaffold, and without any speech
or ceremony laid down his head on the block, and was pre-
sently beheaded.
Scotland. That they recruit their army : that they put it to the vote
in parliament, whether they should make any more addresses
to the king ; and it was carried to send another letter to him,
to desire his speedy coming thither, and they will endeavour
to set him on his throne ; and will pass by those things con-
trary to his agreement found in the letters about Montrose,
if he will now come in and comply with them : and they for-
bid divers great men to come into Scotland.
From Beaumaris, that sir Thomas Armstrong, the lord
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 203
Moore, major-general Oneal, major-general Barry, with divers
officers, and two hundred and fifty horse, came into Dublin.
From colonel Reynolds, that few strong places in Ireland Ireland,
remain unreduced. That some of their ministers preach
damnation to the parliament's army, and to all that assist
them. That the army and garrisons there subscribed the
engagement unanimously, so have the magistrates, and gene-
rally the inhabitants, though not required to do it.
That the enemy taking Toome, Venables was sent to re-
duce them, which he did ; and in the meantime, the enemy
got into the woods between his party and sir Charles Coot's,
that they could not join. That in their absence many Scotch
ministers were sent to debauch the people in those parts of
Ireland.
That the enemy are about five thousand foot besides horse,
yet dare not fight with a much smaller party of the parlia-
ment's forces, who are almost naked and full of sickness for
want of clothes. That they secured some Scotch ministers.
15. Letters of a very solemn keeping of the fast-day at
Shrewsbury, and of the militia settled in Herefordshire.
Of great perplexities in Scotland by the king^s delaying
his coming thither ; and of Montrose's brother designing to
sail with his brother's frigate to Norway: the captain and
divers others being on shore, the rest of the mariners brought
the ship to Leith, and in it divers papers of consequence,
with subscriptions of ministers and lords to the declaration
of Montrose.
17. Letter that the levies go on in Scotland, and that the
people cry out upon the taxes, and they shall be undone if
the English army come into Scotland before theirs be ready.
That the ministers do preach against what their commis-
sioners have done.
That the parliament army about York is full of courage
and desirous of service.
That in Holland Van Trump commanded out all the men
of war to wait on the prince into Scotland.
The parliament had a long debate, and passed several votes
about ordering of moneys for the armies in England and
Ireland.
18. Several orders about moneys for the navy, and for sup-
plies for them, and for the forces in England and Ireland.
204 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Letters from several garrisons to the officers of the army
at the headquarters, in answer to theirs about the fast, and
which were full of courage and piety.
19. Letters that the Ulsters, about six thousand in a body,
did much spoil in sir Charles Coot's quarters. That the clergy
about Chester kept a fast-day rather to pray against than
for the parliament and army.
Of recruits ready for Ireland.
That nine hundred in one parish near Liverpool willingly
took the engagement.
That divers gentlemen about Exon were secured by the
militia there.
That the ministers there refused to publish the act for the
fast-day, but the people generally kept it and shut up their
shops.
That the lord general's regiment and the train were at
Nottingham in their march northwards.
Army. 20. Letters to the officers of the army at the headquar-
ters from some of their fellow-officers and soldiers ; and it was
strange to see in many of those letters the wonderful zeal
and affection of the officers and soldiers to the parliament's
service, and with what a spirit of prayer and piety, not usual
in camps, they were carried on and encouraged one another.
Letters that Mr. Ay scam, the parliament's agent to the
king of Spain, at his first arrival at Madrid, took up his
lodging in an inn there the first night ; that the next day a
more convenient house was provided for him by his steward.
Ayscam That in the meantime Mr. Ayscam and his interpreter
murdered. J r,
being at dinner in the inn with one footman attending them,
six Englishmen, three of them habited as merchants, the
other three as soldiers, knocked at the door, and being ad-
mitted because they were Englishmen, Mr. Ayscam rose from
the table to salute them.
As he saluted them, the foremost laid hold on his hair and
stabbed him into the head, whereupon the interpreter endea-
voured to escape, but was stabbed in the belly, and they both
fell down dead immediately.
The murderers fled for refuge to the Venetian ambassa-
dor's house, but he denied them entrance, and then they took
sanctuary in the next church.
Mr. Ayscam' s papers and goods were secured by the Spanish
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 205
secretary of state, and a guard allowed to Mr. Ayscam's secre-
tary till his return for England.
Two troopers sentenced by a court-martial for raunters,
and cashiered the army.
21. Letters that five thousand of the Irish were fallen into
the county of Derry, to hinder the joining of sir Charles Coot
and Venables.
Of an hue and cry sent from the lords commissioners of
the great seal after captain Dowglas, and that in search of
him another notorious delinquent was found, who leaped out
of a window eight foot high, yet was apprehended and sent
to prison.
That since the forces went from Dublin to Trecoghan, the
tories fell into those parts, and drove away many cows from
about Dublin. That a party of eighty of the parliament's
horse being sent after the tories to rescue the prey, and dis-
persed to hunt after them, a party of the enemy's horse fell
suddenly upon them and took sixty -four of them prisoners.
That Mr. White, who formerly betrayed the bog of Allen
to the rebels, coming from them to Dublin, was met with and
killed by the tories.
That the lord deputy Ireton came to the siege of Catherlow, Lady
and sent colonel Axtel with eleven hundred horse and foot to £eral(L
Trecoghan. That the lady Fitz- Gerald (whom the soldiers
called colonel Mary, she defending Trecoghan) wrote to her
husband for supplies, else that she must be forced to sur-
render upon conditions, and that none in the castle but one
doth know her wants.
22. Letters of much trouble in Scotland, by reason of the 460
army of English sectaries marching northwards.
That one Whitford, another of the assassins of Dr. Doris-
laus, was executed in Scotland, as one of Montrose's party.
24. Letters that the king had left Holland, and either was
already or would shortly be in Scotland.
That a Holland ship laden with goods for Edinburgh was
taken by the parliament's ships and brought to Newcastle.
That the Scotch levies proceed apace, and some lords are
questioned for having a hand in the invasion of Montrose.
25. Orders touching the forces marching northwards, and
about recruits for Ireland, and for widows' maintenance,
whose husbands were slain in the parliament's service.
206 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
An act passed for continuance of the committee for the
army, and treasurers at war.
An act passed for constituting major-general Skippon
commander-jn-chief of all the forces in London, and the
lines of communication.
Acts. The act touching articles of war continued for six months.
Debate of an act for suppressing raunters.
South An humble acknowledgment to the parliament from the
gentlemen and well-affected of South Wales, with thankful-
ness and profession of their future duty and obedience. And
the speaker gave them the hearty thanks of the parlia-
ment.
Junta of The junta of the council of state with whom Cromwell
consulted, having intelligence of the king's resolution for
Scotland, and of the levies there made of forces to assist him
in his intended invasion of England, whereof they had more
than ordinary assurance ;
Resolution They thought it therefore not prudent to be behindhand
Scotland, with their enemy, nor to be put to an after-game to stay till
they should first invade England, but rather to carry the war
from their native country into Scotland, who they were sure
had resolved in a hostile manner to enter England.
As to the objection that their invading Scotland would be
contrary to the covenant, they were satisfied that the cove-
nant was by the Scots broken and dissolved before, and was
not now binding betwixt the two nations ; and the levying
of forces in Scotland, and marching some of them to the
borders of England, with the hostile acts done by them for-
merly, were sufficient grounds for the parliament to provide
for the security of themselves and countrymen; the which
could not be so effectually done as by carrying the war, which
they designed upon us, unto their own doors.
Upon these and many other weighty considerations it was
resolved here, that having a formed army well provided and
experienced, they would march it forthwith into Scotland to
prevent the Scots marching into England, and the miseries
accompanying their forces to our countrymen.
Fairfax un- The lord general Fairfax being advised with herein, seemed
at first to like well of it, but afterwards being hourly per-
suaded by the presbyterian ministers and his own lady, who
was a great patroness of them, he declared himself unsatisfied
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 207
that there was a just ground for the parliament of England
to send their army to invade Scotland.
But in case the Scots should invade England, then he was
forward to engage against them in defence of his own country.
The council of state, somewhat troubled at his excellency's
scruples, appointed Cromwell, Lambert, Harrison, St. John
and myself, a committee to confer hereupon with Fairfax ;
and to endeavour to satisfy him of the justice and lawfulness
of this undertaking.
The committee met with the lord general Fairfax, and
being shut up together in a room in Whitehall they went
first to prayer, that God would direct them in this business ;
and Cromwell began, and most of the committee prayed, after
which they discoursed to this effect :
Cromwell. My lord general, we are commanded by the council of Conference
state to confer with your excellency touching the present design ^h Fauv
(whereof you have heard some debate in the council) of marching the
army under your command into Scotland; and because there seemed
to be some hesitation in yourself as to that journey, this committee
were appointed to endeavour to give your excellency satisfaction in
any doubts of yours which may arise concerning that affair, and the
grounds of that resolution of the council for the journey into
Scotland.
Lord general. I am very glad of the opportunity of conferring
with this committee, where I find so many of my particular friends,
as well as of the commonwealth, about this great business of our
march into Scotland ; wherein I do acknowledge myself not fully
satisfied as to the grounds and justice of our invasion upon our bre-
thren of Scotland, and I shall be glad to receive satisfaction therein
by you.
Lambert. Will your excellency be pleased to favour us with the
particular causes of your dissatisfaction ?
Lord general. I shall very freely do it, and I think I need not
make to you, or to any that know me, any protestation of the conti-
nuance of my duty and affection to the parliament, and my readiness
to serve them in any thing wherein my conscience will give me
leave.
Harrison. There cannot be more desired nor expected from your
excellency.
Whitelocke. No man can doubt of the fidelity and affection of your
excellency to the service of the commonwealth ; you have given
ample testimony thereof, and it will be much for the advantage of
208 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
their affairs, if we may be able to give you satisfaction (as I hope we
shall) touching the particular points wherein your doubts rise.
St. John. I pray, my lord, be pleased to acquaint us with your par-
ticular objections against this journey.
Lord general. My lords, you will give me leave then with all free-
ness to say to you, that I think it doubtful whether we have a just
cause to mate an invasion upon Scotland.
With them we are joined in the national league and covenant ;
and now for us, contrary thereunto, and without sufficient cause given
us by them, to enter into their country with an army, and to make
war upon them, is that which I cannot see the justice of, nor how we
shall be able to justify the lawfulness of it before God or man.
Cromwell. I confess (my lord) that if they have given us no cause
to invade them, it will not be justifiable for us to do it ; and to make
war upon them without a sufficient ground for it will be contrary to
that which in conscience we ought to do, and displeasing both to
God and good men.
But (my lord) if they have invaded us, as your lordship knows
they have done, since the national covenant, and contrary to it in
that action of duke Hamilton, which was by order and authority from
the parliament of that kingdom, and so the act of the whole nation
by their representatives ;
And if they now give us too much cause of suspicion that they
intend another invasion upon us, joining with their king with whom
they have made a full agreement, without the assent or privity of this
commonwealth, and are very busy at this present in raising forces
and money to carry on their design ;
If these things are not a sufficient ground and cause for us to en-
deavour to provide for the safety of our own country, and to prevent
the miseries which an invasion of the Scots would bring upon us, I
humbly submit it to your excellency's judgment.
That they have formerly invaded us, and brought a war into the
bowels of our country, is known to all, wherein God was pleased to
bless us with success against them ; and that they now intend a new
invasion upon us I do as really believe, and have as good intelligence
of it, as we can have of any thing that is not yet acted ;
Therefore I say, (my lord,) that upon these grounds I think we
have a most just cause to begin, or rather to return and requite their
hostility first begun upon us, and thereby to free our country (if God
shall be pleased to assist us, and I doubt not but he will) from the
great misery and calamity of having an army of Scots within our
country.
That there will be war between us, I fear is unavoidable. Your
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 209
excellency will soon determine whether it be better to have this war
in the bowels of another country or of our own, and that it will be
in one of them, I think it without scruple.
Lord general. It is probable there will be war between us, but
whether we should begin this war, and be on the offensive part, or
only stand upon our own defence, is that which I scruple. And
although they invaded us under duke Hamilton, who pretended the
authority of the parliament then sitting for it, yet their succeeding
parliament disowned that engagement, and punished some of the
promoters of it.
Whitelocke. Some of the principal men in that engagement of
duke Hamilton's, and now in great favour and employment with
them, especially in their army since raised, and now almost ready to
advance into England; and I believe your excellency will judge it
more prudent for us (who have an army under your command ready
formed, and experienced soldiers, whom God hath wonderfully pros-
pered under your conduct) to prevent their coming into England, by
visiting of them in their own country.
Lord general. If we were assured of their coming with their army
into England, I confess it were prudence for us to prevent them, and
we are ready to advance into Scotland before they can march into
England; but what warrant have we to fall upon them unless we can
be assured of their purpose to fall upon us ?
Harrison. I think, under favour, there cannot be greater assur-
ance or human probability of the intentions of any state than we
have of theirs to invade our country, else what means their present
levies of men and money, and their quartering soldiers upon our
borders ? It is not long since they did the like to us, and we can
hardly imagine what other design they can have to employ their
forces.
Lord general. Human probabilities are not sufficient grounds to
make war upon a neighbour nation, especially our brethren of Scot-
land, to whom we are engaged in a solemn league and covenant.
St. John. But, my lord, that league and covenant was first broken
by themselves, and so dissolved as to us, and the disowning of duke
Hamilton's action by their latter parliament cannot acquit the injury
done to us before.
Cromwell. I suppose your excellency will be convinced of this
clear truth, that we are no longer obliged by the league and cove-
nant which themselves did first break.
Lord general. I am to answer only for my own conscience ; and
what that yields unto as just and lawful, I shall follow ; and what
seems to me, or what I doubt, to be otherwise, I must not do.
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. P
210 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Whitelocke, Your excellency is upon a very right ground, and our
business is to endeavour your satisfaction in those doubts you make.
If we shall stay till they first invade us, we shall suffer much misery
to come among us, which probably we may prevent by sending first
to them ; and surely, by the law of nations, if an ally enter in an
hostile manner into his neighbour nation, contrary to the alliance, and
be beaten out again, that nation thus invaded may lawfully after-
wards invade the other, to requite the former wrongs done unto
them.
But besides this, we cannot but see their present preparations to be
against us ; for they are in amity with all others ; and their conjunc-
tion now with the king's party may plainly enough discover their
designs against this commonwealth.
Lord general. I can but say as I said before, that every one must
stand or fall by his own conscience ; those who are satisfied of the
justice of this war may cheerfully proceed in it ; those who scruple it,
(as I confess I do,) cannot undertake any service in it.
I acknowledge that which hath been said to carry much weight
and reason with it, and none can have more power upon me than this
committee, nor none be more ready to serve the parliament than
myself, in any thing wherein my conscience shall be satisfied : in this
it is not; and therefore, that I may be no hinderance to the parlia-
ment's designs, I shall willingly lay down my commission, that it
may be in their hands to choose some worthier person than myself,
and who may upon clear satisfaction of his conscience undertake this
business, wherein I desire to be excused.
Cromwell. I am very sorry your lordship should have thoughts of
laying down your commission, by which God hath blessed you in the
performance of so many eminent services for the parliament. I pray,
my lord, consider all your faithful servants, us who are officers, who
have served under you, and desire to serve under no other general.
It would be a great discouragement to ail of us, and a great discou-
ragement to the affairs of the parliament, for our noble general to
entertain any thoughts of laying down his commission. I hope your
lordship will never give so great an advantage to the public enemy,
nor so much dishearten your friends, as to think of laying down your
commission.
Lambert. If your excellency should not receive so much satisfac-
tion as to continue your command in the parliament's service, I am
very fearful of the mischiefs which might ensue, and the distraction
in the public affairs by your laying down your commission ; but I
hope that which hath been offered unto you by this committee, upon
your serious consideration, will so far prevail with your noble and
IN THE YEAR MDCL.
pious disposition, and with your affection to this cause, wherein we
are so deeply engaged, as that you will not (especially at this time)
leave your old servants and officers, and the conclusion of the most
glorious cause that ever men were engaged in.
Harrison. It is indeed, my lord, the most righteous and the most
glorious cause that ever any of this nation appeared in, and now,
when we hope that the Lord will give a gracious issue and conclusion
to it, for your excellency then to give it over, will sadden the hearts
of many of God's people.
Lord general. What would you have me do ? As far as my con-
science will give way, I am willing to join with you still in the service
of the parliament ; but where the conscience is not satisfied, none
of you (I am sure) will engage in any service ; and that is my con-
dition in this; and therefore I must desire to be excused.
Much other discourse passed between the general and the
committee to the same purpose as before mentioned, and
none of the committee so earnest to persuade the general to
continue his commission as Cromwell and the soldiers.
Yet there was cause enough to believe that they did not
over much desire it.
This committee made report back to the council of state of
the lord general's total averseness to march with the army
into Scotland, but that he resolved rather to lay down his
commission.
And the house being made acquainted with it, new endea- Fairfax lays
vours were made to persuade his lordship to continue
command, but in vain ; so he was pleased to lay down his sion.
commission.
26. An act passed for repealing the ordinance and act
whereby the lord Fairfax was appointed commander-in-chief
of all the forces of the parliament.
And this being of so great consequence, and which could Cromwell
admit of no delay, it not being safe for the army to be
out a head, Cromwell was presently (by contrivance) named
to be general and commander-in-chief of all the parliament's
forces; and upon the question it was voted, nemine contra-
dicente^ that he should be general.
An act passed for constituting and appointing Oliver Crom-
well, esq., to be captain-general and commander-in-chief of
all the forces raised and to be raised by authority of parlia-
ment within the commonwealth of England.
p 2
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
All commissions to officers of the army formerly granted
were continued till Cromwell should renew or alter them.
Great ceremonies and congratulations of the new general
were made to him from all sorts of people, and he went on
roundly with his business.
Court A soldier, for drawing his sword in a drunken mood, quar-
martial. ... _ ' . .
rellmg and abusing some townspeople, was by a court mar-
tial sentenced to stand an hour in the market-place at Ply-
mouth, to run the gantelope twice through four companies,
to have his sword broken over his head, and to be cashiered:
Which was executed, and several other sentences, and one
adjudged to death for running away from his colours.
Captain Green, by letters of mark, brought in three French
prizes.
Ireland. 27. Letters that the plague rageth much in the Irish
quarters, and sweeping away whole towns ; that it was also in
the English quarters; that in Dublin there died of it two
hundred a week.
That the Irish in the north set forth a declaration courting
the king and the Scots interest.
Scots. 28. That the Scots mustered their army to four regiments
of horse and six regiments of foot; their horse an hundred in
a troop, their foot an hundred and twenty in every company :
for their new levies they go on slowly, and with much discon-
tent, their intention being, if there shall be occasion, to make
of every troop two, and of every company two, for which they
have already named officers, and intend for their field army
to have eight regiments of horse and twelve regiments of
foot :
That some of the Scots horse are already marched towards
the borders, and divers other troops are despatching towards
Carlisle and Berwick ; that colonel Hacker's regiment of
horse are quartered in the villages bordering upon Tweed,
and resolve to fight the Scots if an inroad be attempted :
That the fortifications at Berwick are repaired, and about
thirty pieces of ordnance planted; that the mount upon the
seacoast hath ten brass pieces, and commands the river.
29. Letters of recruits shipping for Ireland; that the
siege continues at Waterford; that the plague increaseth at
Galloway:
Cromwell. That lieutenant -general Cromwell went out of London
IN THE YEAR MDCL.
towards the north : the news of the parliament's army march-
ing northwards much startled the Scots, who allege the
covenant and articles of pacification, that they ought not to
be invaded without three months' warning.
Letters came from their parliament directed to the speaker
of the house of commons, but the house being adjourned
till Tuesday next, nothing could be done upon the letters.
July 1650.
1. Letters that the king landed in Scotland the i6th of
June, but so privately, that it was not known till the 24th of
June.
That they have levied, to be immediately at the rendezvous,
ten thousand foot, and twenty-seven troops of horse, besides
their old army, and resolve to invade England, if England do
not invade them first.
That two thousand of their foot are about Leith, which is
strongly fortified for a reserve.
That the Scots give it out that Cromwell hath a com- Scotland.
mission to come for Scotland with fire and sword, and is to
give no quarter to any Scotchman, and must have all that he
can conquer for himself and his soldiers : this they report to
incense the people against the English.
That some of their friends in England advised them to
write to the parliament here, to know whether they intend to
come into Scotland, and whether the march of their army
northwards be in an offensive or defensive way.
That this they have done, and hope the debate of it will
produce some interruption or delay of their march : that the
kirk there appointed a general day of humiliation.
2. The parliament published a declaration of the grounds
of their army's march northwards.
An act passed for preventing and suppressing the detestable Act against
sins of profane cursing and swearing.
Every lord to pay for the first offence 305., every baronet
and knight 205., every esquire ios., every gentleman 6s. 8d.,
every other person 35. 4^., the second offence to be doubled
to the tenth, and for that the party to be bound to the
good behaviour.
Referred to a committee to consider what public officers
214 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
are burdensome to the commonwealth, and how they may be
taken away or regulated for the ease of the people.
Order that Mr. Strickland, the parliament's resident in
Holland, do take the subscriptions of the English merchants
there to the engagements, and such as refuse to be disabled
from having any vote in the company.
463 Order that colonel Ludlow be lieutenant-general of the
horse in Ireland, and that commissioners be sent over thither
with instructions from the parliament.
Letters that the Scots in Ireland contributed to the popish
forces.
Letters that the plague was broken out in Shrewsbury.
Fleet. Letters from the fleet before Lisbon, that the Brasil fleet,
consisting of nine English ships, and as many Portuguese
and French, coming forth, the parliament's generals stopped
all the English ships and their lading of passengers and sol-
diers, and sent another message to the king of Portugal to
demand the English ships under prince Rupert ; but he and
his council answered, that it was an unreasonable demand :
That the English agent there escaped in a disguise to the
fleet, but the English merchants at Lisbon, who were friends
to the parliament, were imprisoned by the king's order ; that
they tendered an engagement to the rest of the English to
endeavour the reenthroning of king Charles II.
From Barnstable, of a design to destroy all the parliament
party in that town and thereabouts, prevented by small
means through the mercy of God, was this day celebrated
with great solemnity.
4. Letters of a Spanish ambassador landed in the Downs,
and of a French man-of-war with some English in her, who
took small English vessels near Pool.
Of the treasure wagons going northwards to the army.
Of a vessel laden with iron under sail from Tsalee in
Ireland, newly gone out of the harbour, when a party of the
lord BroghiPs forces coming thither hailed her to come back,
but she being under sail regarded them not, but made on
her way;
"Whereupon twenty of the troopers stripped themselves,
making as if they would swim to her and storm her, and two
of them, who could swim well, came up to her, which so
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 215
amazed those in the vessel, that they hoisted out their boat
on the other side of the ship and got away, leaving the ship
and her lading to the two valiant troopers.
Of the plague breaking forth near Barnstable.
5. Letters of the lord Willoughby's arrival in Barbadoes, Barbadoes.
where he lay concealed eight days, until he had contrived his
business with some great delinquents there, and then ap-
peared as the chief governor, and proclaimed king Charles II.
Of the seizing the ships bound for Brasil from Lisbon by
the parliament's general at sea, and all the ammunition and
provisions in them, and some French ships blocking up that
haven.
6. Letters of a message sent from the Scots parliament to Message
major-general Lambert, at the same time when they sent
the English parliament, to know the reason of their army's
march northwards, and urging, that by the large treaty no
act of hostility or invasion ought to be upon each other, be-
fore three mouths' notice given.
That the messenger is detained, (but not under re-
straint,) without answer, till the pleasure of the parliament
be known.
That Cromwell coming to York, the lord mayor, aldermen, York.
and sheriffs attended him, and invited him and his officers to
dinner, where they were highly caressed.
From Ireland, that the bishop of Clogher interposed be- Ireland
tween sir Charles Coot and colonel Venables with an army vlctory-
of ten thousand Irish, and caused sir Charles Coot several
times to retreat ; but at length his forces took such courage
that they resolved to fight the bishop; and after an hour's
hot dispute it pleased God to deliver that great army into
their hands.
That the bishop their general received many wounds, and,
in a few hours after he was taken prisoner, died of them ;
that their lieutenant-general O'Neal was slain, with their
quartermaster- general and nine colonels, inferior officers very
many, and three thousand common soldiers.
That the names and qualities of their officers slain and
taken were not then known, a messenger i being despatched
with a general account of the business, till they could have
time to particularize ; that some of the prisoners confessed,
216
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Scotland.
Letters
from sir
Charles
Coot.
if they could have given a defeat either to sir Charles Coot
or colonel Venables, that the bishop resolved to draw his
army into Scotland to promote the king's affairs there.
8. Letters that the Scots king was still at Dundee ; that
they could not agree about his coming to Edinburgh, nor
about his coronation; that commissioners from the parlia-
ment, and a committee of the kirk, were with him about
signing the propositions.
That a party of the Scots horse were drawn within twenty
miles of Berwick, which gave an alarm, and caused the par-
liaments forces thereabouts to be in a ready posture to re-
ceive them ; but they came not on.
From sir Charles Coot, that his party with him being but
six hundred horse and eight hundred foot, he sent to colonel
Venables to come and join with him ; but the bishop of
Clogher with his army, being then about four thousand foot
and six hundred horse, fell in between them to hinder their
conjunction.
The enemy encamped themselves on a boggy ground within two
musket shot of our leaguer, and after about four hours began to
draw off with most of their forces over a pass ; which I perceiving,
called the officers together ; and it was thought fit to charge the
enemy in the rear with about two hundred horse, keeping our foot
and the rest of the horse entire.
Our horse fell on with a great deal of gallantry, and charged
through two divisions of their foot ; but their horse being quite be-
hind their foot, finding our horse in some disorder, fell on them and
forced them to retreat.
Whereupon colonel Richard Coot advancing with part of his regi-
ment to relieve our men, the enemy's horse faced about, and were
beaten back again into their main body.
We lost only in this conflict captain Taylor (who died most gal-
lantly in the midst of the rebels' pikes) and seven troopers, but
took prisoners a captain of theirs, and killed at least six for one ; but
they drew off to a pass a mile below. I sent orders to the country
people to remove themselves and their goods, and our soldiers se-
cured the passes between them and the enemy.
Colonel Fenwick with one thousand foot came to us, but without
any provisions, and it pleased God to give such courage to our sol-
diers that we marched up towards the enemy, who, upon sight of our
party, (they being encamped upon the side of a mountain inaccessible
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 217
either for horse or foot,) drew forth into a piece of ground, which
though extreme bad, yet it pleased God to put into our hearts to ad-
vance towards them ;
Where we presently engaged them, and by the blessing of God 4^4
after an hour's hot dispute, with great resolution on both sides, we
wholly routed them.
Many of them were killed upon the place,, and the execution was
ten or eleven miles every way that night. What numbers were
slam I cannot positively say, the country people as well as the sol-
diers eagerly pursuing and killing them for two days after ;
But, with modesty, I may assure you, there cannot be less than
two thousand slain, together with their major-general, five colonels,
one bishop, with almost all their officers, and their lieutenant-gene-
ral Offarrel, as we are informed, though his body be not yet dis-
covered.
They lost likewise their arms, colours, baggage, with most of
their horse.
Since my writing thus far, I have received several letters from
one party in the pursuit, that they have killed six or seven hundred
more of the rebels ; that major King with fifty dragoons had taken
the bishop of Clogher prisoner, much wounded, with several other
persons of quality, and two hundred horse, and have killed two or
three hundred more of the enemy, so that I do verily believe there
were at least in all three thousand killed.
Those officers of ours that were most eminently instrumental in
this great victory, were colonel Fenwick, coloned Richard Coot,
lieutenant- colonel Gore, and captain Duckinfield :
Whom I have presumed to add, because their merits have justly
deserved this my acknowledgment, to the end (if your honours think
fit) some mark of honour may be conferred upon them.
9. The parliament ordered a day of public thanksgiving for
the victory obtained by their forces under sir Charles Coot in
Ireland.
An act passed for the trial of sir John Stowell, David Jen- High court
kins, Walter Slingesby, Brown Bushell, William Davenant,of jus
and C. Gerrard, by an high court of justice.
Letters of the ceasing of the plague about Tiverton.
10. Letters of the spreading of the plague in Shrewsbury ; Plague.
that the governor commanded all the soldiers that were ill to
be in the field, and all that were well to continue in the castle,
and not to stir out of it.
From Chester, that the parliament's forces in Ireland are
218 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
forty thousand horse and foot; that Trecoghan with seven-
teen hundred foot is taken in.
11. Letters that the royal presbyterians about Exon raised
many false reports to disparage the proceedings of parlia-
ment j for which some of them were secured till they should
produce their author.
That the plague was much dispersed in Salop, and half the
inhabitants removed from thence.
12. Letters that since the taking of Trecoghan, the army
was sat down before Carlowe in Ireland :
And that the earl of Antrim was come in to the lord
deputy :
That eight officers of colonel AxteFs regiment, riding upon
the highway, were murdered by those bloody highway rogues
called the lories :
That a party sent out by the lord deputy fell on some of
the earl of Castlehaven's forces, killed one hundred and forty
of them, and took twice so many arms ; the rest fled to Car-
lowe, where they are now besieged :
That Waterford yet holds out, but in great distress, the
plague and famine increasing much upon them.
£ j 13. Letters of Cromwell's being at Durham, and marching
twenty-four hours a day.
That the king was at St. Johnston, and the committee of
estates had sent back all his followers, and commanded them
to depart the kingdom by a day upon great penalties.
That the Scots horse upon the borders were there only to
forward the new levies, and are since retreated, and the new
levies go on very fast there.
That sir Arthur Haslerigge came from Newcastle, where
he is governor, to meet the general Cromwell at Durham.
That seven ships were taken and brought into Newcastle,
one laden with arms and ammunition for Scotland, and in
another of them two purses, to carry the great seal of Scot-
land, one very rich for the day of the coronation ; and many
letters from an alderman of London at the Hague to the
king.
That one of the parliament's ships going into the firth of
Scotland, the people rose and secured both ship and men till
they drunk the king's health upon their knees, and then they
were discharged.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 219
15. Letters of the general's coming to Newcastle, where Cromwell.
sir Arthur Haslerigge the governor entertained him with
much gallantry, and they kept a fast to pray for a blessing
upon their expedition into Scotland. The next day they
agreed upon a letter to be sent to their brethren in Scotland
in general, to satisfy them of the grounds of their present
engagement.
That the Scots have chosen a council, by whose advice the
king is to govern. That the nobility and gentry flock to
him.
That the royalists and presbyterians in Lancashire join to-
together to disturb the parliament's affairs in those parts
against the army of sectaries, as they call it.
16. An act passed for settling the militia of the common-
wealth, with instructions for the commissioners.
An act passed for sheriffs to appoint deputies to receive
and transmit the acts, orders, and directions of parliament
and council of state, and to make return thereof.
Debate of the business of treasurer of the navy.
An act for bringing down the prices of corn and grain, and
preventing abuses in meal, and in forestalling, committed.
17. The letter from the parliament of Scotland, together
with the messenger, colonel Grey, were sent to the general,
to be by him with a sufficient guard sent into Scotland, and
also the answer of the parliament of England to that letter.
18. An act passed touching the removal of malignants and
papists out of London, &c.
Letters of the great levies in Scotland, and multitudes
drunk with carousing the king's health. That the ministers
press the people to serve the king against the English army
of sectaries, which they prophesied the Lord would blast ; and
published many gross mistakes or untruths touching the
parliament of England, their affairs, particularly in Ireland.
That the king had given satisfaction to the Scots in all
things they desired of him ; and a proclamation was pub-
lished at Edinburgh, giving the king all his regal power, and
at that time the cross was covered with crimson velvet and
cloth of tissue.
Dr.Lewen, a civilian, being apprehended for a spy, and
having found about him divers commissions from the prince 465
220 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
to himself and others, was executed, according to a sentence
of the court martial.
19. Letters of a man of war of Scilly brought in prize to
Plymouth.
Adultery Qf colonel Desborough's giving the cftarge at the sessions
at Exon to the contentment of the country, and of a woman
of Taunton condemned upon the new act for adultery with a
priest.
Scots. 20. Letters of the general's advance to Berwick; of the
army's declaration sent into Scotland, of the grounds of their
march into that kingdom : one copy of it sent to the Scots
general, another to the parliament, and a third to the com-
mittee of estates :
That the Scots ministers in their prayers say, that if God
will not deliver them from the sectaries, he shall not be their
God:
That the town of Newcastle feasted the general and his
officers :
That the lord-deputy lies with the army before Waterford,
Duncannon, and Carlowe.
22. Letters, that many who formerly served the parlia-
liament of England in their army are now in the Scots
army:
That the earl of Newcastle and some others were sent
away out of Scotland :
That Massey is to command a regiment in their army :
That an act passed in Scotland for all persons to come
into their armies, and none to stay in the countries, lest they
should relieve the English army :
That general Leven published a proclamation, that no ma-
lignant should come near his army till they had submitted to
the parliament.
An act passed and several orders touching the militia of
London and Westminster.
An act passed against atheistical, blasphemous, and exe-
crable opinions, and the unlawful meetings of such persons.
A declaration passed concerning delinquents' compositions.
An act passed to prohibit trade between this common-
wealth and Scotland.
Upon a report from the council of state, the parliament
IN THE YEAR MDCL.
approved what they had done in causing those of the earl of
Derby's family in Lancashire to be seized and secured, and a
message sent to the earl, that if he did continue his harsh
usage of the prisoners he had of the parliament party, they
would do the like to his family here; and to demand the
release of those prisoners.
Of recruits shipped for Ireland.
That eight hundred of the Scots horse lay upon the bor-
ders, and the rest of their forces were about Edinburgh;
that the general was come to Morpeth.
23. New commissioners named for the excise.
Letters of a rendezvous of the Scots army at Haddington,
and that one of the parliament's declarations concerning their
army's advance for Scotland was brought to the king whilst
he was at dinner; that Cromwell's trumpet was sent with
the declarations of the parliament and army into Scotland.
24. Letters, of one man and two women about Boston
committed for witches ; that the man confessed he had a fa-
miliar sucked him at some paps which he then showed ; that \J
he had signed a writing to the devil to deny God and Jesus
Christ, and the familiar drew blood from those paps, and
appeared to him in the shape of a white chicken ;
That he signed the devil's covenant with a piece of a stick,
with the same mark he now made at the bottom of his exa-
mination ; that both the women confessed the like ;
That captain Allen took a ship, with seven thousand arms,
bound for Scotland.
25. Letters, that some troopers having taken three Scots-
men and their horses, the general having notice that they
were countrymen, checked the soldiers for meddling with
them, commanded their moneys and horses to be restored,
and gave them some of the last declarations to the people of
Scotland to carry home with them.
26. Letters, that the ministers in the west generally preach
up the Scots interest :
That the Fairfax frigate fought with three French men 'of
war, and thrice beat off the assailants who had boarded her,
and came safe to Plymouth, but much shattered, and many
men killed :
Of the increase of the plague in Shrewsbury :
That major-general Desborough visited Taunton, and all
222 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
the garrisons from Weyinouth to Pendennis-castle, and put
them in a posture of defence :
Scotland. That the militia of the Isle of Wight unanimously declared
to engage against the king, and against all Scots and French :
Of the rendezvous of the army with loud acclamations of
joy and love to their general and to one another :
That they were all drawn into battalia, and marched two
or three hundred paces ; then were discharged, and went to
their quarters, and the general to Berwick :
That his trumpet returned from Scotland with a letter
from that parliament, directed to lieutenant-general Crom-
well, commander-in-chief of the army marching into Scot-
land, purporting that they had received his letter, and would
suddenly send an answer by a messenger of their own.
27. A captain-lieutenant, by sentence of the court martial,
was cashiered at the head of the regiment for drunkenness.
Letters, that the Scots were all gone with their goods to-
wards Edinburgh, by command of the states of Scotland,
upon pain of being sequestered and declared enemies, if they
did not remove ; so that for the most part all the men were
gone:
But the wives stayed behind, and some of them did bake
and brew, to provide bread and drink for the English army ;
that those employed by the state of Scotland upon the bor-
ders tell the people, that the English army intends to put all
men to the sword, and to thrust hot irons through the wo-
men's breasts ; which much terrified them, till the general's
proclamations were published among them :
That the Scots did forbear coming to the market at Berwick.
29. A trumpeter came from Scotland to the English army,
with a declaration in answer to the parliament's and army's
declarations, which in effect was a defiance : that upon the
army's entering of Scotland the Scots fired their beacons.
Blasphemy. A dragooner was sentenced by the court martial to be
bored through the tongue with a hot iron for blaspheming
the name of God in a drunken humour.
Proclama- The general published a proclamation through the army,
tion. reciting,
That several soldiers had straggled from their colours, and en-
forced victuals from the Scots without paying for them, and frighted
some of the people from their habitations :
IN THE YEAR MDCL.
He commands all officers and soldiers of his army, that none do 466
go without leave to straggle half a mile from their quarters on pain
of death.
Letters, that the king of Portugal sent to the parliament's Portugal.
general at sea for a treaty ; but in the mean time exercised
great cruelty towards the English merchants, and published
a proclamation, that none should conceal an Englishman on
pain of death :
That sir John Culpepper arrived in Russia, ambassador for Russia,
the king about the English trade, and that the emperor and
his council ordered banishment for the merchants, prohibit-
ing them trade for the future, and granted to the ambassa-
dor 5o,ooo/. in rich commodities to be employed for the
king:
That the prince of Orange had blocked up the chief pas- Amster-
sages to Amsterdam, and pretended treason in some burgo-
masters, as endeavouring to dissolve the union. They after-
wards paid a considerable sum of money, and so that business
was concluded.
30. Order of the parliament to lay aside all private busi-
ness for a fortnight, and no matter to be in debate but for
money and other public affairs.
Several persons added to the bill for sale of delinquents'
estates.
Divers pardons passed of course upon certificates of the
judges of assize.
Letters, of the decrease of the plague in Ireland ; that In- Ireland.
chequin's recruits of new levied men were about three thou-
sand, and that the lord deputy was gone out to fight them :
That colonel Ingoldsby with three troops of horse charged
three thousand horse and foot of the Irish, routed and killed
nine hundred of them near Limerick ; that there is abund-
ance of corn upon the ground, a sheep, good and fat, at the
price of 6s., and a cow for 2os. :
That the governor of Carlowe sent to the lord deputy to
desire a treaty for surrender of the town :
That ttie lord general at the rendezvous made a speech at Cromwell
the head of the army, declaring the grounds of the present,O'
expedition, and something in relation to his coming over
from Ireland, and the Providence that had designed the
command to him, and exhorted the soldiers to go on faith-
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
fully and resolutely, and not to doubt of the blessing of God
upon their undertakings and present service :
That the soldiers entertained his speech with great accla-
A mations ; and orders being given for the army to march, they
went on shouting as they entered Scotland :
That the general rode through a great town of Scotland,
and there was not a man to be found in it, only two poor
women, because of the command of the estates of Scotland.
31. Letters, that upon the parliament's army entering
Scotland they fired their beacons, and carried away all pro-
visions; so that the army was forced to lie still, expecting
provisions to be brought to them by their ships :
General That a trumpet brought a declaration from lieutenant-
Lesley, general Lesley, with a letter directed to lieutenant-general
Cromwell, which was thereupon refused to be opened, but
sent back :
That major Barber laid down his commission upon their
entering Scotland.
The general published a proclamation :
Proclama- That whereas he had lately caused a proclamation to be published,
tion. inviting those in Scotland, (where the army shall come,) who by their
counsels or otherwise have not confederated against the peace of
England, or laid a foundation of a second invasion of England, to
stay in their houses, where they in peace should enjoy what they
have without the least offer of violence or injury by any of the
army :
He doth strictly require all officers and soldiers, that they pre-
sume not to offer any manner of violence or injury to the person or
goods of any in Scotland not in arms, or belonging to the enemy's
army.
To be proclaimed at the head of each regiment of horse
by sound of trumpet, and of each regiment of foot by beat of
drum, and to be afterwards read at the head of each troop
and company.
Barbadoes. From Barbadoes, of trouble there by a design to banish
the independents, but opposed by lieutenant-colonel Drax,
and some others that had the governor of their part : and
their design was discovered by lieutenant- colonel Codrington,
one of the council of the island, when he was drunk. That
colonel Walrond and Muddiford joined against the inde-
pendents.
IN THE YEAR MDCL.
August 1650.
1. One who had been a cruel plundering soldier of the
king's party was now condemned at the assizes at Northamp-
ton for breaking a man's house in 1644, an^ stealing and
carrying away the man of the house and eight horses.
Letters of great refractoriness in the ministers about
Exon, who refused to read the act for the thanksgiving.
2. Letters that the Scots have completed their levies to
thirty-six thousand men :
That the plague was broken out in Minehead.
3. Letters that the general and his army were advanced to
Haddington, within twelve miles of Edinburgh ; and that
the van of both armies were within six miles of each other :
That a new regiment was formed for colonel Monk, who
commands them :
That the Scots army did far exceed the English in number, Scotland.
and resolved to meet them at Musselburgh :
That in their march from Berwick to Edinburgh the army
did not meet with ten men :
That one of the parliament's soldiers chased ten Scots, and
divers of them were taken prisoners.
5. Letters, that after the parliament's army was come from
Dunbar, the Scots country people rose up in arms, and cut
off provisions coming to them from Northumberland :
That major-general Lambert faced Edinburgh with fifteen
hundred horse, and major Hains had the forlorn, and faced
the enemy's whole body within three quarters of a mile of
their trenches :
That in all their march they saw not one Scotsman under
sixty years of age, nor any Scots youth above six years of
age, and a very few women and children :
They are all fled from their habitations upon their min-
isters telling them that the English would cut the throats of
all between sixty and sixteen years old, cut off the right
hands of all the youths under sixteen and above six years
old, burn the women's breasts with hot irons, and destroy all
before them :
That as the army marched through some towns, poor wo-
men fell on their knees, begging that they would not burn 467
their breasts before they destroyed them, and children beg-
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. Q
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
ging to save their lives, the people believing what their min-
isters said unto them :
That all their goods and household stuff were carried away,
except a few oats and meal, and a little beer hid under coals,
which the soldiers made use of.
That the general drew up the whole army before Edin-
burgh, and beat the enemy from king Arthur's Hill, within a
mile of Edinburgh, and possessed it and a church between
Leith and Edinburgh, and some houses within twice~musket-
shot of the enemy's trenches ;
Yet they would not draw out of their trenches, though they
were more in number within them than the army without.
That the general intended to have made an attempt upon
them, but there fell so great a rain, which continued all night
and part of the next day, that he was forced to draw off his
army to Musselburgh to refresh his wearied soldiers, who had
nothing but bread and water for six days before.
As they drew off, the Scots sallied out and fell upon the
rearguard, and put them to some distress, but Lambert and
Whaley relieved them, and beat back the Scots into their
trenches ; Lambert was wounded in the charge with a lance,
and captain Gladman ; but they took two colours, and divers
prisoners of the enemy, and the king stood upon the castle
and saw the encounter.
That the next morning major-general Strachan drew out
the kirk's troops, consisting of one thousand five hundred
horse completely armed, and having all lances, pistols, and
swords, and about three o'clock in the morning lighted upon
a party of the army without discovery, and cried, Give no
quarter, but kill all.
This so enraged the English soldiers, that presently they
fell upon the front and rear of the Scots, killed, wounded,
and took about three hundred of them : major-general Mont-
gomery and Strachan were slain, and divers other officers
and soldiers, and many officers, and eighty troopers taken
prisoners.
That the English soldiers were the more incensed, because
the Scots refused to give quarter to one captain Phineas,
a Worcestershire gentleman, whom notwithstanding they
brought off.
IN THE YEAR MDOL.
That many in the Scots party were English cavaliers, and
some of them cried, God damn me, as they fell down dead.
That two ministers were in the Scots party, one of them
taken prisoner, and the Scots soldiers confessed that the
ministers did most stir them up to cruelty.
6. The act passed for advancement of trade, and manu-
factures, and commissioners appointed to be a standing coun-
cil of trade.
An act passed prohibiting all trade between England and
Scotland, and the enjoining the departure of Scotsmen out
of this commonwealth.
An act published concerning mortgages, extents, and other
encumbrances upon delinquents' estates.
Letters of the prince of Orange's failing in his design Amster-
against Amsterdam.
7. Letters that the town of Amsterdam drowned the coun-
try about them, and after seven days' siege the prince of
Orange was forced to draw off his army.
8. Letters of vessels taken at sea by the parliament's
frigates.
From the navy before Lisbon, that a squadron of their ships Spain.
going to victual at Cadiz, the duke of Modena feasted the
captain, captain Bodilo, and furnished the ships with all ne-
cessaries, and desired their stay for three days, whilst he
might signify the matter to the king of Spain, whereupon
the king of Portugal sent to the English generals for a
treaty.
9. Letters that the lord deputy was before Waterford and
Duncannon, where the plague and hunger did much rage.
That the ministers, who preached at the assizes in the west
before the judges, inveighed against the proceedings of the
parliament.
10. Letters that both the English army and the Scots like-
wise were in want of provisions.
That in the last encounter with major-general Strachan, two
hundred of his party were slain, and one hundred and nine of
his troopers taken prisoners, and sixty countrymen ; that the
parliament's forces had but six killed, and about forty wound-
ed, who were sent by sea with a chirurgeon to Berwick.
That the general sent the chief officers of the Scots, who Scotland.
Q2
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
were wounded and taken, in his own coach to Edinburgh, and
the rest in wagons, and took paroles of others.
That the king sent out a proclamation requiring all gentle-
men to depart Edinburgh, in regard of the scarcity of pro-
visions.
12. Letters that the Scots sent out a great party of horse
and foot, and the general sent out a party to attend their
motion, lest they should go for England.
That by reason of the great storms, the ships with pro-
visions from London could not come up to the army, so that
they were in great straits.
The general and army sent a reply to the Scots answer to
the declaration of the army, and their insinuating letter to
the under- officers and soldiers of the English army was fully
answered in a letter from the general.
13. An act passed for explaining a former act touching the
fee-farm rents.
An act passed against atheistical, blasphemous, and exe-
crable opinions.
Several votes passed by way of instructions to the commis-
sioners of Goldsmiths' -hall and Haberdashers' -hall.
That captain Wyer, with one of the States' ships of twenty-
two guns, being commanded to convoy four ships of Hull,
was set upon by six Irish frigates, fought with them twelve
hours after the four Hull merchants' ships were run away,
and came off from them, though much torn, with the loss of
one man.
14. Letters of prizes taken at sea from the French.
15. Sentences by a court martial, of soldiers for mutiny
and misdemeanours.
Letters of a rich ship of Hull taken by the Irish and Scots
ships.
That the plague was decreased in Ireland.
That Charlemont sent to sir Charles Coot to treat, but he
denied it.
That the general's coach and wagons sent with the Scots
prisoners to Edinburgh were not permitted to come into the
town, because they had not buried their dead, but they sent
horses for their wounded men to Arthur's Hill, and sent back
the coach and wagons.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 229
That ten Scots prisoners were taken by colonel Okey. That
the army retreated to Dunbar, to meet and take in their pro-
visions brought thither by sea.
Upon colonel Hacker's approach to a house where a party
of Scots were, they quitted it, and Hacker had in it store of
meal and provisions.
That the city of Coventry raised a regiment of one thou- 468
sand one hundred of the choicest citizens for their militia.
16. Letters that colonel Ingoldsby with a few of his Ireland,
dragoons fell upon a great party of the enemy that came
out of Limerick to plunder, killed about twenty of them, and
pursued the rest to the gates of the city :
That a party from the camp before Carlowe fell upon a
party of the enemy's horse, took about forty horse, but the
men fled to bogs and escaped :
That colonel Phayers took in the castle of Kilmorry, which
was surrendered to him upon quarter for life, and in it were
eighty-two private soldiers, besides officers :
That Limerick desired some conditions of neutrality, but
colonel Ingoldsby denied them :
That captain Mildmay had a sharp fight with one frigate
against three French men of war, and took one of them, who
had sixteen guns, whereof four were brass.
17. Letters that the army at Dunbar received their tents Scotland.
and provisions from the ships ; and two days were spent in
exhortations to the army, and in seeking God for his blessing
upon their action, and then they again advanced towards
Edinburgh :
That colonel Andrews, a lawyer, sometimes of the king's
party, was sentenced by the high court of justice to death.
19. Letters that a trumpet came to the army from lieu-
tenant-general Lesley, with an answer from the commissioners
of the general assembly to the general's last letter.
Execution of the sentence of a court martial upon five sol-
diers for offering violence to a countryman and his wife and
family and goods.
That the inhabitants of Dunbar were in such want of pro- Scotland.
visions, that they picked the beans from the horses off the
ground, and eat the sheep's guts which were thrown away by
the soldiers.
That the countrymen are so enslaved to their lords, that
230 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
they cannot get any thing considerable of their own before-
hand, and many of their women are so sluttish, that they do
not wash their linen above once a month, nor their hands
and faces above once a year.
The general caused the commissioners to distribute a great
proportion of peas and wheat, to the value of 24O/., of that
which was sent from London to the army, among the poor
people of D unbar ; yet when they can have an advantage, the
country people robbed and killed many of the soldiers :
That upon the army's return to Musselburgh they found
it more forlorn than before, Lesley having commanded that
the gude women of the town should awe come away with their
gear, and not any stay to brew or bake for the English army,
on pain of death :
That the ministers in Edinburgh gave God thanks for
turning back the army of sectaries by the way that they
came, and striking a terror into their hearts, which made
them flee when none pursued :
That captain Bull with the Adventure frigate fought with
a French man of war, and sunk her ; some of her men saved
upon quarter ; about one hundred and twenty of them killed
and drowned.
20. An act passed for continuing the excise for three years
longer.
High court An act passed for authorizing commissioners of the high
lce> court of justice to issue their warrant for beheading of Mr.
Andrews, according to his petition to the parliament; and
the like in other cases, notwithstanding their sentence for
hanging, drawing, and quartering.
Power of naming fellows and demies in Magdalen college
in Oxford ordered to be left to the then president.
Scots. Letters that the army's returning to Musselburgh, the
Scots ministers were ashamed of their thanksgiving for their
running away :
That provisions and tents were distributed to the horse and
foot. Divers Scots killed and taken at meeting of several parties.
That a Dutch ship laden with goods worth 50,000^. was
wrecked near Pembroke :
That the grand jury at Hereford assizes presented a re-
monstrance to the judges, of their readiness to assist the
parliament against the Scots.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 231
21. Letters that major-general Langhern in Wales, and
other gentlemen there, and in other places, were secured upon
suspicion of designs by them against the parliament.
22. Letters of some fights at sea between the parliament's
frigates and some French men of war, who were soundly
beaten.
Mr. Euseby Andrews was beheaded at the Tower-hill, ac-
cording to the sentence of the high court of justice, and died
very resolutely.
23. Letters that the army marched from Musselburgh to-
wards Edinburgh, in sight of the city for two or three miles
together, and had no opposition in their march, nor so much
as a salute from Edinburgh- castle or Dalkeith, and the gene-
ral pitched his tents on Pentland-hills, a convenient place to
fight, within view of Edinburgh, but they gave no alarm to
the army. That the Scots in Edinburgh were much strait-
ened for provisions by the army's thus getting behind them :
That all the people fled with their bairns and guds where
the army came, being told by their ministers that the English
would destroy all with fire and sword, and when some of the
soldiers burnt some furze-bushes, they said they fired their
houses and towns :
That the parliament's ships attended the army's march with
provisions :
That a trumpet came to the general with a declaration and
letters from lieutenant-general David Lesley, which the gene-
ral caused to be read to his officers in the hearing of the
trumpet:
That upon desire and safeconduct of some of the Scots Scots offi-
officers, they and some English officers had conferences about cei
a reconcilement, and the Scots officers said they were deluded
by the malignants, and that the king refused to sign the dis-
owning of his father's actions, and to adhere to the covenant,
and repent for the bloodshed by his father and himself, and
that they had thoughts of relinquishing him :
That when the English army drew off from Edinburgh, the
king would have sallied out in person upon them, but general
Leven told him if he did so he would lay down his com-
mission.
24. Letters that the plague increased, and that there died
the last week seven hundred and ninety-seven in Dublin.
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That in Wexford the people are almost all dead of the
plague :
That Waterford, Duncannon, and Carlowe are surrendered
to the lord deputy. That many officers and soldiers were
dead of it.
26. Letters of taking in and fortifying some places by the
general, to secure passes to the army :
That a sergeant was hanged on Pentland-hills for plunder-
ing a countryman's house, and three soldiers that were with
him, being sentenced to die, were pardoned by the general :
469 That parties on both sides picketing, and a body of three
Cromwell, thousand horse of the Scots being drawn out, Cromwell drew
out a forlorn, and went in person before them ; that one of
the enemy fired a carabine at him, upon which Cromwell
called to him, and said to him, that if he had been one of his
soldiers he would have cashiered him for firing at such a
distance, which the soldier told to lieutenant-general Lesley,
and said he knew it was Cromwell :
That some runaways from the army were apprehended at
Berwick, and sent back prisoners to Cromwell, and nine of
them were condemned by a court martial :
That the Scots drew out their whole army out of Leith,
being about thirty thousand horse and foot, and retreated
without any engagement :
That in a full council of war, all the officers were unani-
mously to fall upon the enemy. That in pickering a Scots
captain was killed and two prisoners taken.
Ireland. 27. Letters that the lord deputy sent a summons to Water-
ford to surrender ; but they so much despised the weakness
and small number of his forces before the town, that in
answer to his summons they returned, that one of their
gates should be set open for as many of his men as would
come in :
That the lord deputy, smiling at their vain brags, went on
with his siege, sent for more forces and great guns, and so
laid the main body of his army between Waterford and Car-
lowe, that they might be ready to give assistance to either
party :
That after this the town sent for a treaty, but insisted
upon high terms of punctilios of honour, which the lord
deputy rejected: and when they heard that Carlowe was
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 233
surrendered, then they also agreed upon articles of sur-
render :
That seven hundred soldiers marched out of the town, and
the townsmen in arms were more, and the town very strongly
fortified, and full of provisions ; yet it pleased God to bring
them to terms of surrender to a small party before them, as
they had before done at Carlo we.
The lord deputy sent a letter to the parliament of the par-
ticulars, and copies of the several articles of surrender of
Waterford, Duncannon, and Cartelagh.
The parliament ordered a day of thanksgiving to be kept
for those successes.
An act passed empowering the commissioners of the high
court of justice to hear and determine any misprision or con-
cealment of treason.
28. An answer passed to the king's declaration in Scot-
land.
Letters that the Fairfax frigate fought with three French
men of war, who got so near the shore among the rocks that
the Fairfax could not follow them, and so they escaped.
29. The council of state took order for better securing of
Weymouth.
Letters of the decrease of the plague at Dublin.
That major Blunt fell upon a party of the enemy in Wick-
lowe, fought with them, killed and took many of them,
though they were two to one, and had not a bog prevented
they had been all killed or taken. That he brought away
with him two hundred cows and one hundred and twenty
horses.
That Charlemont was surrendered upon conditions.
30. Letters that the army in Scotland was well supplied Scotland,
with provisions by sea, and enabled to lie near Edinburgh :
That the enemy kept close between Edinburgh and Leith,
having a trench before them, and a river behind them, and
a strong castle on the one hand and a strong garrison town
on the other hand } and it was impossible to fall upon them
without the apparent hazard of the whole army :
That the king had signed the declaration sent to him by
the parliament of Scotland, who thereupon closed with him,
and undertook to maintain his interest, as they say they are
obliged to do by the solemn league and covenant :
234 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That the declaration which they penned, and sent to the
king to sign, and he at last did sign, was to this effect :
An acknowledgment of the providence of God, in recovering him
from the snare of evil counsellors, and persuading him of the justice
of the covenant which he hath taken and subscribed, and resolved to
maintain to the utmost : he professeth his father's blood, and con-
fesseth his mother's idolatry, and saith he will account them enemies
that oppose the covenant.
He declares his sorrow for his great sinfulness in making peace
with the Irish rebels, and allowing them the liberty of the popish
religion, and that he being sorry for his seeking to such unlawful
help, and recalling his commissions, he is therefrom absolved, and
saith he will recall and disannul all commissions given against any
who adhere to the covenant and monarchical government.
And that the commissions he hath granted to the French and
others, by sea and land, were not given to damage or injure any of
his harmless subjects, who follow the trade of merchandise ; and
that he construes well of the intentions of those who have consulted
and acted against the covenant, yet he will not now employ them,
till they have taken the covenant and given sufficient evidence of
their good affection to the work of reformation.
As a close, again taking notice of his former guiltiness and ill-
successes, he tells them that the state of the question is now altered,
and that he hath obtained mercy to be on God's side, and therefore
hopes that the Lord will countenance his cause ; that for the future
he will do nothing but by advice of the kirk and state.
After several times denial by the king to sign this declara-
tion, and the Scots threatening thereupon to cast him off, he,
seeing no other way left, did at last subscribe it.
31. Letters that the army stormed Bed-castle, a garrison
of the enemy's, about a mile and a half from Edinburgh,
which had about eighty foot to defend it ; and though they
stormed it in the sight of the enemy's whole army, yet they sent
out no parties to relieve it. There were taken sixty prisoners,
and the place was of great advantage to the English.
That Dunster-castle was slighted.
Call from That four men out of Somersetshire, pretending to have
an immediate call from God to go and preach the gospel in
Galilee, sold their estates, and went to London to embark
themselves for that place.
September 1650.
2. Letters that propositions and motives were presented to
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 235
the pope on the behalf of king Charles the Second, showing his
good inclinations to the catholics, by what he had done in
Ireland for them, and in other instances ; and desiring from
his holiness considerable sums of money out of his treasury,
and that he would send to all princes and states of the ca-
tholic religion in Europe to contribute to the assistance of 47°
king Charles, with several other the like proposals, and a copy
of them enclosed in the letters.
3. Letters that prince Rupert came out of the river of Fleet.
Lisbon with twenty-seven ships and twenty carvils.
That the parliaments generals with twenty-three ships
made up to him, and some shot were spent between some of
them, but prince Rupert got under the command of the
castles, and the parliament's general thought not safe to
pursue him thither : the like was done several days after, but
the prince would not engage in fight.
That the duke of York came to Paris, having gotten
ioo,ooo/. by prizes.
4. Letters of a great pirate taken about Dartmouth.
I invited the speaker, and divers members of the parliament
and council of state, to dine with me.
5. Letters of the plague increasing in Shrewsbury, yet of
about two hundred soldiers there not one was infected.
6. Letters that the Scots army, though more in number Scots,
than the English by a great many, and well furnished with
arms, and all accommodations in their own country, yet will
not fight the English army.
That in those parts where the army marched was the
greatest plenty of corn that they ever saw, and not one fallow
field, and now extremely trodden down and wasted, and the
soldiers enforced to give the wheat to their horses.
That the Scots desired another conference with some offi-
cers of the English army, to which the general consented,
but nothing came of it.
That the Scots army drew out upon a march, and the
English army drew out to attend them, but could not engage
them by reason of a bog and great ditch between the two
armies, only they discharged their great guns at one another,
by which twenty-one of the English were killed and wounded,
but more of the Scots, who would not come into any other
236 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
ground to engage, and the army stood all night in battalia,
and the next day went back to their camp on Pentland-hills.
That being informed the Scots had sent out a party to
take in Musselburgh, and the places for landing the provi-
sions that came to the army by sea,
Cromwell. Cromwell gave orders for the army to march, which they
did in a most tempestuous night, and to fight for their vic-
tuals ; but by reason of the storm and darkness, the general
stayed their march till the next morning, when they got
quietly to Musselburgh, but the enemy got what they had
left on Pentland-hills.
That the parliament lost six men, and twenty-eight were
wounded.
That whole files of the Scots army were taken away by the
great shot, and from the ships they played upon the Scots
army as they marched, and did execution.
Victory at 7. Letters from Cromwell to the speaker and to the coun-
Dunbar. c^ of state, of a great victory against the Scots at Dunbar ;
v the particulars were not then certified, but left to the rela-
tion of the messenger, who was an eyewitness of the action.
I was going in my coach towards Chelsea, and about
Charing Cross the messenger who came from Scotland came
^ to my coach side, and said to me, " O my lord, God hath
appeared gloriously for us in Scotland; a glorious day, my
lord, at Dunbar in Scotland ! "
I asked him how it was. He said, that the general and
army had routed all the Scots army, but that he could not
stay to tell me the particulars, being in haste to go to the
house.
I altered my resolution of going to Chelsea, and went
presently to the house, where I found the messenger, and as
soon as the house was sat he was called in, and after the
generaFs letters were read, the messenger (who was in the
fight) made his narrative to this effect :
My lord general having a long while stayed with the army on the
west side of Edinburgh, and could no way engage the enemy to
fight, on Saturday, August 3ist, marched with the army to Had-
clington, and on Sunday to Dunbar ; the enemy hereupon drew out
after us, and marched within distance in the rear.
The general on Sunday drew out the army in the field near Dun-
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 237
bar, and the enemy flanked us upon the hills on the right hand,
where they lay all night ; we could not without great disadvantage
go up the hills to engage them, nor would they come down to
engage us.
Their whole army consisted of eighteen regiments of foot, which
all together, with their horse and dragoons, (as themselves said,) were
twenty- seven thousand, ours about twelve thousand.
On Monday the enemy drew down part of their army and their
train towards the foot of the hill, ours stood in battalia in the field
all the day ; a great ditch was between both armies, of great disad-
vantage to those who should first attempt to pass it.
That night our army marched as close to the ditch as possibly
they could, and our fieldpieces placed in every regiment. We drew
out before day that morning a brigade of three regiments of horse
and two regiments of foot towards a pass that is upon the roadway be-
tween Dunbar and Berwick, by which we might with more ease pass
over to their army, and there gave the enemy a hot alarm.
The dispute lasted about an hour, at last our men gained the
ground, and possessed the pass. Then the enemy's horse (being
most lanciers) coming down the hill charged strongly, ours receiv-
ing them as gallantly.
And the foot of that brigade coming up charged them so to pur-
pose, that they put them suddenly to the rout : by this time it was
between five and six in the morning.
Their foot seeing the rout and the flying of the horse, threw down
their arms and run away ; their left wing of horse also fled, ours had
the pursuit of them beyond Haddington.
We killed on the place and in the pursuit above four thousand,
and ten thousand prisoners taken ; among them the laird of Liber-
ton, lieutenant-general James Lundsden, colonel sir William Douglas.,
the lord Grandison, sir Jo. Brown, colonel Gordon, twelve lieute-
nant-colonels, six majors, thirty-seven captains, seventy-five lieute-
nants, seventeen cornets, two quartermasters, one hundred and ten
ensigns, fifteen sergeants, two hundred horse and foot colours,
thirty-two pieces of ordnance, small and great, and leather guns, all
their arms, ammunition, tents, bag and baggage.
We lost not forty men in the whole engagement, and not one
officer but major Rookesby, since dead of his wounds ; colonel
Whaley had his horse shot under him, himself slightly wounded, and
captain Lloyd wounded.
The council of state ordered the narrative made by the lord
general's messenger to be read in all churches in London
238 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
47 1 to-morrow being the LordVday, and thanks to be returned
for this great victory.
9. Letters that at the battle of Dunbar fifteen thousand
were killed and taken.
That the general sent home upon their paroles five thou-
sand of the prisoners being wounded, old men and boys, the
men housekeepers forced out of their houses to take arms,
and two thousand one hundred of them died by the way;
the other five thousand were sent prisoners to Berwick, and
so to Newcastle.
That the major-general marched to Haddington, and the
general stayed behind with two regiments to order affairs at
Dunbar, and so was to march to Edinburgh or Leith, from
whence the enemy had drawn all their forces, and marched to
Stirling and St. Johnston, where the king was.
That general Leven hasted to Edinburgh, and after him
lieutenant-general sir David Lesley, who mustered his horse
to thirteen hundred.
Letters from colonel Blake and colonel Popham of prince
Rupert's endeavour to get out of the harbour, but would not
fight with the parliament's ships, but struck in again.
That they sent home nine English ships which they had
stayed, going to Brasil from Lisbon, and six French ships
which they had taken.
That captain Lawson with the Fairfax frigate came up with
twenty French ships, and took three of them.
10. Letters from the general to the parliament of the par-
ticulars of the battle of Dunbar, and an account of the whole
march into Scotland, and of all passages with the Scots.
Scots min- That the Scots ministers pressed their army to interpose
between the English in the march, and to fight them, but the
officers of their army were against it, and advised to make
rather a bridge of gold for them to pass home: but the
ministers carried it to fight.
That they expressed great insolency and contempt of the
English army to divers of the prisoners of the English whom
they had taken, as was reported afterwards to the lord ge-
neral.
The parliament gave rewards to the messengers of this
good news.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 239
Ordered that the colours which were taken from Hamilton Colours
at the battles of Preston and Dunbar should be hanged up weftoin-
[\J in Westminster-hall, and that medals of gold and silver ster-halL
should be given to the soldiery, in remembrance of God's
mercy and of their valour and victory.
Letters that Cromwell was possessed of Leith and Edin-
burgh, except the castle. That the king was gone to St.
Johnston, and the forces to Sterling.
Voted to seclude all private business for a month.
An act for encouragement and indemnity of all such as
engage in the parliament's service.
Letters that the enemy had quitted Edinburgh and Leith,
and left there twenty-four pieces of ordnance.
That a son of Mr. Burgoine, one of the commissioners for
the militia, at the cross in Coventry proclaimed king Charles
the Second, and was apprehended for it, but escaped.
12. Letters of the settlement of the militia in several coun-
ties : and suspicions of designs to raise new troubles against
the parliament.
/^JT 13. Letters that the Scots were driven like turkeys by the Scots.
English soldiers, and went along cursing their king and
clergy for ensnaring them in misery.
That a Scots captain taken prisoner told the English of-
ficers, that their ministers advised them, if they were taken,
they should throw away their Bibles, for if the English took
any with Bibles they should have no quarter.
That the words in most of their colours were covenant,
religion, king, and kingdom, the same when they came in with
duke Hamilton.
That the day before the engagement they consulted of
sending propositions to the English, that they should have
leave to pass into England with their swords, leaving their
ordnance, arms, and ammunition behind. And they had
thoughts of sending those they should take prisoners be-
yond sea.
14. Letters that the English officers were fain to break the
pikes, and many muskets they had taken from the Scots,
there not being conveniency to send them for England.
That the governor of Berwick gave to each Scotch prisoner
for one day three biscuits, and a pottle of pease, which they
240 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
said was more than their own officers gave them in three
days together.
16. Letters from a private hand, describing the religion,
laws, and government of Scotland, both civil and military,
with a character of their people and manners, not much to
their honour.
That August the 2ist, the English shipped near six hun-
dred of their sick men for Berwick, and the Scots observing
many boats going off, thought they intended to ship away all
their foot and ammunition, and with their horse to escape for
England ;
Whereupon the Scots pursued the English to Dunbar, and
considered of sending them to Barbadoes, if they refused
such propositions as they should offer them; and thinking
they had the English in a net, did engage with them.
That they having taken twenty of colonel Pride's men,
they killed three of them, and wounded the rest in cold blood.
That the English were in a sad posture, very many of their
men sick and wanting provisions, the enemy having made up
the passes before them ; the whole Scots army on the right
hand, and the sea on the left hand, and the whole nation of
Scotland behind them.
That the Scots having a resolution to fall upon the Eng-
lish, were prevented by the unseasonableness of the weather ;
and Cromwell and his officers seeing no other way, resolved
to fall on them ; which was done, and after one hour's hot
dispute they were defeated, and quitted Edinburgh and Leith,
which was the same day possessed by the English army.
The letter sharply censures them to be a people who de-
light to enslave others, yet are of a servile and slavish con-
dition themselves, a people whose freedom is service, whose
mercies are cruel;
A kirk whose religion is formality, and whose government
is tyranny, a generation of very hypocrites and vipers, whom
no oaths or covenants can bind, no courtesies or civilities
oblige.
17. An act passed for a day of public thanksgiving for the
victory against the Scots.
An answer passed to the king's late declaration, and pub-
lished.
IN THE YEAR MDCL.
An act passed against the electing and swearing mayors,
and other officers upon the Lord's-day.
Order for Mr. Caryl and Mr. Owen to go into Scotland,
according to the desire of the lord general.
Recruits of six hundred drawn out of colonel Barksted's 473
regiment for Scotland.
Rules given concerning augmentations of ministers' livings.
Sir John Gell was tried before the high court of justice.
Several ministers of London appeared before a committee
for not observing the thanksgiving-day for the victory against
the Scots.
Letters that the general had settled things at Edinburgh
and Leith :
That since his coming to Edinburgh not a man had ap-
peared out of the castle :
That upon news of the victory at Dunbar brought to the
king, he thanked God that he was so rid of the Scots, and
said, the kirk might now see their error in prohibiting him to
be in person with their army, and keeping out the English
and the rest of his followers. That he is now with the army
about Stirling.
19. The lord mayor, aldermen, and common council of London.
London, kept a day of thanksgiving by themselves for the
victory in Scotland, and invited divers officers of the army,
parliament-men, and other gentlemen, to dine with them at
Guildhall:
That the ministers about Taunton would not observe the
day of thanksgiving for the victory in Scotland, but prayed
indirectly to the contrary.
20. Letters of the decrease of the plague in Dublin :
That the lord deputy in his march through Wicklow took Ireland.
from the rebels three thousand cows, and advanced towards
Athlone :
That money was arrived for the soldiers :
That sir Hardress Waller was set down before Limerick :
That the enemy sallied out of Waterford upon colonel
Essex's quarters, took many of his troop-horses, killed some
few of his men, sorely wounded his lieutenant, and himself
hardly escaped:
That the enemy are drawing all their strength together,
and give out that they will fight the English.
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. R
242 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
From Edinburgh, that the general marched with his army
and six days' provision, and from thence towards Stirling,
having left forces in Edinburgh and Leith, and cast up a
work cross the streets of Edinburgh between his forces and
the castle, and there was little or no action between them
and his forces :
That the general sent all his sick soldiers to a lord's house
in Leith, where they had good accommodations and great
care taken of them :
That the king insists to have the lord Ruthen general, but
the kirk will have none but the lord Louthian, and the old
lord Leven is laid aside with dishonour :
That the Scots are upon raising new forces :
That in Edinburgh they took three thousand new foot-
arms, which the Scots had not time to carry away nor put
into the castle, they were in so great a confusion :
That in Leith they took store of French wines, part of
which was spent to refresh the soldiers, who for too long
time before had drunk nothing but water : the rest is to be
sold for the benefit of the army :
That about fifteen hundred foot and a thousand horse of
recruits were come from England to the army in Scotland :
Loudon. That the lord Loudon's cabinet was taken in the fight, and
in it copies of his letters to the king and other papers of con-
sequence, he being chancellor, but ill-beloved of the Scots,
and upbraided by them for whoredom and other sins.
21. A member of the army came to the parliament with
letters from the general of the proceedings of the army, and
desiring that the three thousand tun of French wines taken
at Leith might be custom and excise free, and sold and dis-
tributed among the private soldiers; which the house granted;
and ordered the letters found in the lord chancellor's cabinet
to be printed at the end of the declaration for the public
thanksgiving.
23. Letters that the Scots were raising new forces upon the
presbyterian interest, and that the king was at Dundee with
some of his cavalier party as well as presbyterians :
That the general sent to the governor of Edinburgh-castle
that the ministers with him might return to their churches,
and have free liberty to preach there, and commanded that
none of the armv should molest them.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 243
The ministers sent answer, that they found nothing ex- Ministers,
pressed whereby to build any security for their persons ; and
for their return they resolved to reserve themselves for better
times, and to wait upon him who had hidden his face for a
while from the sons of Jacob.
The general replied in a letter to the governor to this
effect :
Our kindness offered to the ministers with you was done with in- Letter from
genuity, thinking to have met with the like ; but I am satisfied to CromweU-
tell those with you, that if their master's service (as they call it) were
chiefly in their eye, imagination of suffering would not have caused
such a return.
Much less the practices of our party (as they are pleased to say)
upon the ministers of Christ in England have been an argument of
personal persecution.
The ministers of England are supported and have liberty to preach
the gospel, though not to rail, nor under pretence thereof to overtop
the civil power, or debase it as they please.
No man hath been troubled in England or Ireland for preaching
the gospel, nor has any minister been molested in Scotland since
the coming of the army hither.
The speaking truth becomes the ministers of Christ : when minis-
ters pretend to a glorious reformation, and lay the foundation thereof
in getting to themselves power, and can make worldly mixtures to
accomplish the same, such as their late agreement with their king,
and hope by him to carry on their designs, they may know that the
Sion promised and hoped for will not be built with such untempered
mortar.
And for the unjust invasion they mention, time was, when an army
of Scotland came into England not called by the supreme authority.
We have said in our papers with what hearts and upon what account
we came, and the Lord hath heard us, though you would not, upon as
solemn an appeal as any experience can parallel.
When they trust purely to the sword of the Spirit, which is the
word of God, which is powerful to bring down strongholds, and
every imagination that exalts itself, which alone is able to square and
fit the stones for the new Jerusalem ;
Then, and not before, and by that means and no other, shall Jeru-
salem, (which is to be the praise of the whole earth,) the city of the
Lord, be built, the Sion of the Holy One of Israel. I have nothing
to say to you, but that I am, sir,
Sept. o 1650. Your humble servant,
O. CROMWELL.
R2
244 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
473 The Scots ministers sent an answer to this letter, and the
general another letter in answer to them, and says therein,
Another We look upon ministers as helpers of, not lords over the faith of
God's people ; I appeal to their consciences, whether any denying
their doctrines, and dissenting, shall not incur the censure of sec-
tary ; and what is this but to deny Christians their liberty, and as-
sume the infallible chair ?
Where do you find in scripture that preaching is included in your
function ? though an approbation from men hath order in it, and
may do well, yet he that hath not a better than that, he hath none
at all.
I hope He that ascended up on high may give his gifts to whom
he please ; and if those gifts be the seal of mission, be not envious
though Eldad and Medad prophesy ; you know who bids us covet
earnestly the best gifts, but chiefly that we may prophesy.
Which the apostle explains there to be a speaking to instruction
and edification and comfort, which the instructed, edified, and com-
forted can best tell the energy and effect of.
If such evidence be, I say again, take heed you envy not, for your
own sakes, lest you be guilty of a greater fault than Moses reproved
in Joshua, for envying for his sake.
Indeed you err through the mistake of the scriptures ; approbation
is an act of conveniency in respect of order, not of necessity, to give
faculty to preach the gospel.
Your pretended fear lest error should step in, is like the man
that would keep all the wine out of the country lest men should be
drunk. It will be found an unjust and unwise jealousy to deny a
man the liberty he hath by nature, upon a supposition he may abuse
it: when he doth abuse it, judge.
24. An act passed for encouragement and indemnity of
such as voluntarily engaged themselves in the service of the
parliament in this time of common danger.
An act passed for appointing new commissioners for the
excise.
A vote approving the late transactions of the militia of
London and Westminster.
25. Proceedings in the trial of sir John Gell before the
high court of justice.
By the letters taken in the cabinet of the lord chancellor
Loudon at Dunbar fight, it appeared that the Scots designed
to invade England.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 245
Letters that the lord Willoughby and others had pro- Barbadoes.
claimed king Charles II. in Barbadoes, and that the assembly
there had sentenced captain Tienman and lieutenant Brandon
to be disfranchised, their estates to be seized, their tongues
cut, their cheeks burnt with the letter T, and afterwards to
be banished ; and that they had fined and banished most in
the island who were well-affected to the parliament.
26. Order for the thanks of the house to be given to the
old commissioners of the excise for their good service.
Letters that the ministers about Dartmouth would not
read any act or ordinance commanded by the parliament.
Rumours of Hopton's and GreenviFs landing with forces
in the west, which caused the governor of Weymouth and
the militia thereabouts to be in a readiness.
Recruits ordered for Scotland.
Letters that sir Charles Coot, with six hundred horse and
thirteen hundred foot, marched to the lord deputy before
Athlone ; that there was difference amongst the Irish occa-
sioned by their clergy :
That the earl of Westmeath took in a castle of the lord
Dillon's, and put all in it to the sword.
27. Upon the report from a committee, the house voted Blasphemy.
that one Clackson, who made and published an impious and^
blasphemous book, called The Single Eye, should be sent to
the house of correction, and afterwards be banished, and that
the book be burned by the common hangman ;
And that Mr. Rainsborough, a justice of the peace in Mid-
dlesex, who countenanced the book, be disabled from being a
justice of the peace.
28. Letters that the parts about Milford-Haven were in- Ireland.
fected with the plague by the many passengers that way from
Ireland :
That the lieutenant-deputy in his march to Athlone re-
ceived no interruption from the enemy, who lurk much in
the woods, and are relieved by the country, though they are
commanded the contrary on pain of death :
That the lieutenant-deputy thereupon inclined to burn the
country as he marched, else there could be no end put to
the war there.
30. Letters, that after six days' stay at Edinburgh and
246 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Leith, the general with his army, and with seven days' pro-
visions,, marched to Netherish, six miles from Edinburgh :
Scotland. That the general came back that night to Leith, being
Saturday, Sept. 14.
That he made major-general Overton governor of Edin-
burgh with two regiments, and a third regiment at Leith :
Sunday the army marched beyond Linlithgow towards
Stirling, but by reason of the great rain and storms retreated,
and quartered at Linlithgow :
That the general sent a summons to Falkirk, who returned
answer, that they were all gentlemen in the garrison, and
would all die before they would yield it up ; but if Stirling
should be taken or yielded to him, that then they would yield
also, and in the mean time would not interrupt his march :
That it was once resolved to march up to Stirling, and
ladders and preparations made to storm it; but upon con-
sideration of the strength of the place, and unseasonableness
of the weather, and want of provisions, that purpose was
altered :
That the general sent a trumpet with some propositions to
those in Stirling, but they refused to receive the letter or
to let the trumpet come in :
That afterwards a trumpet came from lieutenant-general
David Lesley, with a letter to the general for exchange of
prisoners, which he denied to receive :
That the general gave orders for the fortifying of Linlith-
gow, and he and the army returned to Edinburgh, where he
kept a day of humiliation ; and the kirk likewise appointed a
day of public humiliation.
Prociama- The general published a proclamation for free and safe
trading by the Scots at Edinburgh, who were not in arms,
and liberty to sell their commodities, and to be free from
violence of the soldiery, and to be protected in their habi-
tations.
GeilJ°hn ^*r ^°^n ^e^ was sentenced by the high court of justice
for misprision of high treason, to forfeit liis estate, and to be
imprisoned during his life.
October 1650.
1. Several votes passed touching the compositions of delin-
quents.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 247
An act passed for relief of religious and peaceable people 474
from the rigour of former acts of parliament in matters of
religion.
Vote, to consider of public business only till November
next, and all private business excluded till then.
An act committed touching doubling upon sale of deans'
and chapters' lands.
A new raised regiment in London under major-general
Harrison, of sixteen hundred and sixty, and two more under
major-general Skippon and alderman Tichborne, of two thou-
sand in each regiment.
The lady Elizabeth, the late king's daughter, died in the Lady Eii-
Isle of Wight.
That a parliament frigate upon the coast of Galicia fought
with a Portugal ship richly laden with plate, &c., to the value
of ioo,ooo/., and after a stout fight sunk her.
2. Letters of twelve sail of Jersey ships taken by the par-
liament's frigates.
Captain Ashley was sentenced by the high court of justice High court
to have his head cut off, and one Benson to be hanged, for0^1
conspiring against the commonwealth in the treasonable en-
gagement of colonel Andrews.
3. Letters that the duke of York was going from France
to Holland, and had borrowed of the duke of Orleans five
thousand pistoles to bear his charges.
4. An account of recruits and provisions shipped for Ire-
land.
Letters of the militia under colonel Pine at Taunton, de-
claring their willingness to go into Scotland, if required,
though the ministers preached against it.
Letters of the Scots raising new forces, and of the bitter Scots.
invectives of the kirk against the English army :
That they take the country people by force out of their
beds, and compel them to serve in their army.
5. Many persons well-affected to the parliament having Barbadoes.
their estates seized, and themselves driven away from Bar-
badoes, came into England, and upon their petition to the
council of state, and conference with them by their com-
mittee,
They reported their opinions to the parliament, that it was
necessary to reduce those islands, and a fleet to be sent thi-
248 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
ther for that purpose, with provisions for that purpose :
which the house approved.
Scotland. 7. Letters that the general commanded all the Scotch
boats, and all other boats that could be got in the Frith, to
be brought to Leith ; and order was given for the springing
of mines for reducing of Edinburgh-castle :
That the general and his officers met at the great church
in Edinburgh on the Lord's-day, where many Scots were,
and expressed much affection to the doctrine preached there :
That the general employed some Scotch miners against
the castle ; and his soldiers came so near the works of the
castle, that they brought away one colours and three hun-
dred muskets, and other arms, without loss :
That the enemy with granados fired two or three houses
near the castle ; yet the parliament's soldiers entered one of
them, and got store of arms and ammunition there, though
the castle shot at them all the time :
That the soldiers found in the high church at Edinburgh
much arms and ammunition.
Mr. Benson was executed at Tyburn, according to the sen-
tence of the high court of justice; but in regard that captain
Ashley only subscribed the engagement, but acted nothing
in it, he was pardoned by the parliament.
8. The day of public thanksgiving for the victory in Scot-
land.
The act passed for prohibiting trade with Barbadoes, Vir-
ginia, &c.
Votes touching compositions of delinquents.
A committee named to consider of former laws touching
the poor ; and of a new act to be made for the setting the
poor on work.
Several mayors of corporations approved by the parlia-
ment.
9. Letters that the tories in Ireland were got into bodies :
Ireland. That the Irish were spoiled by the English if they did not
pay contributions to them ; and if they did, then the tories
and other rebels did ruin their own brothers and nearest
relations.
A remonstrance published by the Irish clergy, charging
the present government by the marquis of Ormond and his
favourites with treachery to the nation.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 249
10. Letters that five hundred Irish in Scilly had a design
to deliver it up to the parliament's forces, for which some of
them were executed.
11. An account to the council of state of the militia in
Devon and other parts raised to a considerable number ; and
of the releasing of the gentlemen secured upon their taking
of the engagement :
That the grand jury at the sessions presented a petition to Petition,
the justices to be sent up to the parliament, that all the pro-
ceedings in law might be in English :
That the ministers in those parts are dissatisfied with
every thing, unless they may have dominion and lordly
power in effect, though not in name :
That the ministers about Exon and Taunton refused to
observe the thanksgiving-day for the victory in Scotland.
12. Letters of great volleys of small shot and great shot
from South-Sea-castle, and the ships in the road, upon the
thanksgiving-day, for the victory in Scotland ; and of much
kindness between the civil and military officers.
14. Letters that a party of the army surprised one of the Scotland.
out-guards of Edinburgh-castle, and the enemy fled into the
castle, leaving three hundred muskets behind them :
That the next day, upon a search in Edinburgh, they found
a good quantity of arms and ammunition :
That the general went on with his mining and approaches
to the castle, which was well stored with provisions and am-
munitions, and had of late been very lavish of their powder
to little purpose :
That they took some boats and one ship of the Scots :
That two ships were come with cheese for their supply,
and one thousand of the sick and wounded soldiers were come
back to Leith :
That divers of the Scots come to hear the ministers of the
army, and seem to be much converted by them, and offer to
be employed by the general :
That their king is discontented at the late carriage of their
clergy, who preached at their fast that their late overthrow
was their too much complying with the king : that he sent
to Orkney to have ships ready there for his going away, if he
should find cause to depart Scotland :
That a frigate of the parliament's, called the Liberty, with
250 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
475 fifty brass guns> was cast away, by carrying too much sail,
upon the sands betwixt Harwich and Yarmouth road.
15. An act passed for sale of the manors, rectories, and
glebe-lands late belonging to the archbishops, bishops, deans
and chapters.
Portugal. Letters that ten of the parliament's ships, about five leagues
off the shore of Lisbon, met with twenty-three of the Portu-
guese Brasil fleet, burnt three of them, and, as is supposed,
took eleven of them, with eight thousand chests of sugar, and
other rich goods in them ; and the rest, being smaller ships,
in the fight, got into Lisbon :
That the king of Portugal hearing of this came down in
person, and caused prince Rupert and his fleet, being eighteen
in all, to go out to regain the Brasil ships, which they did,
but the parliament's fleet were drawn off:
That the duke of York was come to the Hague.
16. Letters of the refractoriness of ministers in several
places, and their refusing to observe the day of thanksgiving
for the victory of Scotland.
17. Letters of the breaking out of the plague at Barn-
stable.
Kirk. Letters of great difference between the kirk and the king ;
and that the lords side with the king, and divers com-
manders with the kirk, who proceed to purge the king's
household :
That the earl of Cleveland was to depart Scotland for re-
fusing to take the covenant :
That most of the cavaliers went to Holland, being the
place of their refuge and greatest security, which they most
hated before :
That none are allowed a residence in Scotland, but the
duke of Bucks, the lord Newburgh, and sir James Livingston.
Ireland. 18. Letters that three strong castles near Limerick were
surrendered to sir Hardress Waller upon quarter, and taken
in, to prevent interruption to the army's besieging Limerick ;
and then he sat down again before that city :
That the Dragon frigate sunk a great ship of the enemy's
near Limerick laden with treasure, and took another laden
with hides and tallow, worth 3000^. :
That the sickness increased again at Cork and other
places :
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 251
That colonel Hew son marched out of Dublin with a strong
party, and the lord deputy was gone before Limerick :
That the plague increased in Shrewsbury :
That the Fairfax and other frigates came into Pendennis
harbour, hearing that there was an insurrection in those
parts, but found it otherwise, and returned to sea :
That the minister and mayor of Northampton refused to
observe the thanksgiving-day, saying, it was a sin to do it :
That the Roman catholic and the royal presbyterian were
both built upon one politic foundation, supported with one
private interest.
19. Letters that the parliament's fleet were in pursuit of
prince Rupert's fleet.
That the governors of the castles near Limerick, lately
taken in by sir Hardress Waller, were the chief actors in the
ruin of his estate.
Letters that the king is gone away from St. Johnston, but Scots.
the kirk sent after him, and brought him back again :
That all their forces, except five hundred, were removed
from Stirling to St. Johnston :
That the general and officers were often in prayer to-
gether :
That the governor of Edinburgh-castle was very high, and
the clergy with him very desperate :
That the general went on with his mining :
That the Scots army are full of factions; one are those
whom the Scots laboured to remove out of the army as sec-
taries ; another faction is the old malignants, who would be
revenged for the death of Montrose and other malignants ;
others are against the kirk; others are the new malignants:
That David Lesley's men plunder, ravish, and kill the
country people, and put to death some of them for refusing
to serve in the army.
22. An act passed concerning corn and meal.
An additional act passed for the more speedy effecting the
sale of the manors of rectories, glebe-lands, &c.
Referred to the lord mayor and the militia of London, &c.,
to return the names of such ministers as refused to observe
the thanksgiving-day for the victory in Scotland.
Order for the several committees to tender the engage- The en-
gagement.
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
merit to the inhabitants of several parishes, and to return the
names of the subscribers to the lords commissioners of the
great seal.
The like for stewards of leets.
The like for the lord mayor and militia of London in
every parish to return the subscribers to the lords commis-
sioners.
Referred to the lords commissioners of the great seal to
call before them all the judges, and to take order with them
that none of the army now in Scotland receive any prejudice
in any cause wherein they may be concerned during the
next term, and their absence in Scotland.
Referred to the council of state to regulate the several
militias for the best ease and safety of the nation.
Order touching the proceedings at law, and how to regulate
them with most ease and [least] delay to the people.
Trained Divers city regiments, and of Middlesex, of the trained
bands. bands under major-general Harrison, colonel Tichborn, and
colonel Berkstead, and others, to the number of eight thou-
sand, mustered in Hyde Park, where the speakers and mem-
bers of parliament met them, and were received with great
shouts, and volleys of great and small shot.
23. Letters that captain Mildmay took the Roebuck, one
of the revolted ships, with fifty-five men in her :
That the ministers about Plymouth pray and preach against
the prosperous successes of the parliament.
24. Letters that the army with ten days' provisions was
marched westward towards Glasgow:
That the king, being brought back from his intended jour-
ney northwards by a troop of horse, was guarded as a pri-
soner:
That colonel Popham, one of the admirals of the parlia-
ment's fleet, was come to London with an account to the
' parliament of the proceedings of the fleet.
25. Letters of many subscriptions to the engagement about
Exeter :
. That the Scots were busy in raising forces near Carlisle,
but the country being backward to take arms, the officers
took money and excused the men.
Fleet. A confirmation that the parliament's fleet near Lisbon
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 253
had sunk the admiral of the Portugal Brasil fleet, taken the
vice-admiral, and divers other of their ships of a great value.
Ordered by the parliament, that all the books of the laws The laws in
be put into English ; and that all writs, process, and returns Ensllsh-
thereof, and all patents, commissions, indictments, judgments, 476
records, and all rules and proceedings in courts of justice,
shall be in the English tongue only, and not in Latin or
French, or any other langiiage than English :
And that the same be writ in an ordinary legible hand,
and not in any court hand ; and that it be referred to a com-
mittee to draw up an act upon this vote.
Referred to the same committee to consider of all salaries
and fees of judges and other officers, and what offices or fees
are fit to be taken away ; and to consider of delays, and un-
necessary charges in proceedings of the laws, and to present
a bill to the house for redress thereof; and the committee
to meet daily upon this business till it be despatched.
26. Letters of some prizes taken by the parliament's ships
near Pendennis-castle :
That sir William Godolphin's son was raising forces for
the king, though his father received much favour from the
parliament.
28. Letters that the general had two thousand men daily Scotland,
at work about the fortifications of Leith, and went on with
the mines before Edinburgh-castle, though the enemy shot
great and small shot constantly at them, and yet they lost
but five or six men :
That the king was slipped away from the Scots with the
duke of Bucks, and three or four more in his company, to-
wards the earl of Seaforth, (and others of the royal party,
who were about two thousand, as was before certified,) but
was brought back again :
That the general marched with seven regiments of foot Cromwell,
and nine of horse to Linlithgow, and sent a trumpet to the
estates of Scotland to give security, and to treat for stopping
the effusion of more Christian blood :
That he took in a garrison with forty men, who laid down
their arms :
That he gave strict command to his army, not to offer
violence to any of the Scots who were not in arms; which
was dulv observed.
254 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That he marched to Glasgow, where he stayed three or
four days, and marched on to Livingston-house, the weather
extreme wet, and the soldiers divers times fain to quarter in
the open fields :
That the court at St. Johnston were in great distractions ;
and the highlanders fell upon the kirk party, and killed a
major, a lieutenant, and some others.
Return of 29. Vote that the committee for regulating the proceedings
junes. -n ]aw (jo peruse the freeholders' books in every county, and
consider of a way for the impartial returns of juries, and of
more indifferent proceedings in causes.
Order for an act to take away all saints' days, and other
days in term not juridical, and making them court days, and
for making the fifth of November no court day.
A committee to consider how to regulate abuses and mis-
demeanours of keepers of prisons.
Order for the members of the house to bring in by a
day the names of fit persons to be sheriffs in the several
counties.
An act for raising T 2O,ooo/. per mensem for maintenance
of the forces in England, Scotland, and Ireland, read the
first time.
An act passed for settling convoys for securing the trade
of the nation.
30. Letters of several prizes brought into Plymouth.
Cromwell. 31. Letters that the general sent a letter to the committee
of estates by a trumpet, who was not permitted to carry it
further than Stirling, where the governor took it of the
trumpet, and promised to send it by a messenger of his own
to St. Johnston, where the committee then was :
That the general marched to Glasgow, the completest
town they had been in, and one of their choicest univer-
sities :
That when he entered the town, many Scots appeared to
see him march, but no violence was offered to any of them ;
the general having giving a strict command for that purpose ;
and none of the soldiers entered till he and his followers were
first in their quarters :
Blasphemy. That captain Covel, of the general's regiment of horse, was
cashiered for holding some blasphemous opinions :
Scots. That on the Lord's-day, a Scots minister in his pulpit at
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 255
Glasgow railed foully against the general and his army, and
though many soldiers heard it, yet no violence was offered to
him :
That colonel Ker and colonel Strachan were willing to
have a treaty of accommodation, but sent word to the general
that they could not effect it, being hindered by the lord
Wareston and sir John Chiesesly, who were sent to them for
that end by the committee of estates :
That the general marched from Glasgow fourteen miles,
and quartered in a poor cottage :
That captain Pitson was taken prisoner by the enemy :
That colonel Venrusk with a party of Dutchmen fell upon
some stragglers of the army and murdered them :
That the general returned to Edinburgh :
That some recruits came from London to the army, but
near half of them ran away in their march, and listed them-
selves in the garrisons of Newcastle and other garrisons by
the way.
November 1650.
1. Letters of some Dutch ships laden with figs from Por-
tugal stayed at Pendennis till the pleasure of the council of
state was known :
That the commissioners provided red coats for all the
soldiers.
2. Letters that prince Rupert was gone to Marseilles, and Prince
intended from thence to go to Barbadoes, and to get menRupert*
there and in the islands, and so to go for Scotland :
That there were great divisions betwixt the kirk's party Scots,
and the committee of estates :
That a lieutenant with a trumpet came with letters to the
general from the committee of estates :
Letters that the mine went on against Edinburgh-castle ;
and that two mortar pieces were brought thither from Hull :
That the general sent a party, who took in a strong house
near Dalkeith, and some arms in it :
That colonel Ker and colonel Strachan had sent new let-
ters about an accommodation, and had declared against the
interest of the king and lords :
That some of the royal party fell upon the kirk party, and
killed and took one hundred and twenty of them ; and other
256 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
great divisions were amongst them, whilst the English army
was in their bowels :
That at Carlisle on the LordVday, in the great church, the
governor's chaplain preached in the morning and an officer
of the army in the afternoon.
477 5. The day of the gunpowder treason celebrated.
A further act passed prohibiting trade with the Scots by
any foreign nation.
Referred to the committee of the navy to contract for ships
and provisions to be sent to the plantations in America.
Order about moneys for convoys.
An act passed for easing the charge of lords of manors and
their bailiffs in passing their accounts in the exchequer.
6. Letters of some small prizes brought into Plymouth :
That the prince of Orange was dead of the small-pox.
7. Letters that some pirates took three ships out of Ply-
mouth road at noon-day :
That thousands came in voluntarily to take the engagement
without any summons :
That the commissioners for charitable uses at Taunton
found out great sums of money due to the poor.
Ireland. Letters that the lieutenant-deputy gave a defeat to the
enemy in Munster :
That those in Limerick refused to treat for surrender of
the town; and the lieutenant- deputy prepared to build a fort
against it :
That the lord Ormond hanged some mass - priests, and
thereby lost the affections of the Irish :
That colonel Cooke fought with the Wicklowe tories, and
took prisoner Shurlocke their great captain :
That upon the lieutenant - deputy 's approach to Athlone
they quitted the town and burnt it, and guarded the pass
over the river to the castle :
That the deputy left sir Charles Coote there, and marched
to Limerick ; and in the way took in several garrisons :
That the plague was much ceased in Ireland.
9. Letters of a London ship split upon the rocks near
Dartmouth :
That the royal party and the kirk party in Scotland were
reconciled, and all engaged against the English army.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 257
11. Letters that two thousand were daily at work upon the
new fortifications at Leith ; and when they meet with a rock
they bore holes in it, and blow it abroad with gunpowder :
That Middleton, refusing to come in when the king sent for
him, was excommunicated by the kirk :
That David Lesley's army have no mind to fight with
Middleton's men :
That they being upon the king's interest only, have, to
colour their pretences, set forth a declaration, entitled, A de-
claration of the noblemen in arms for union in the prosecution
of the cause of God and relief of the kingdoms :
That Middleton and the rest of his party refused an act of
indemnity, unless they might be admitted (as others) to places
of trust ; which the kirk and estates would not permit ; yet
all of them are like to agree :
That the Scots prisoners taken at the battle of Dunbar, at
their first coming to Newcastle got into the gardens, and fed
so greedily upon the raw cabbages that they poisoned their
bodies. That one thousand six hundred of them died, five
hundred more of them were sick, and nine hundred in health,
who are set to work there.
12. The committee revived to examine some complaints
made against ranters.
An act committed for turning all books of law into English, Law busi-
and for all process and proceedings in courts of justice to bene
in English.
The act committed for the assessment of 120,000^. per
mensem.
Upon report from the council of state, several votes passed
in order for reparation to the English merchants who had
been injured by the French.
An act passed to make prize of Portugal ships and mer-
chandise.
The parliament named the sheriffs for the several shires of
England and Wales for the year ensuing.
Five of colonel Barkstead's soldiers rode the wooden horse
in Smithfield, and two of them were whipped for attempting
to rob in Smithfield ; and a trooper condemned to be shot to
death for killing his fellow- soldier.
13. Letters that a cook of a ship of Bremen, upon what
discontent was unknown, did at Lee near Gravesend mix
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. S
253 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
mercury with the potage, and poisoned the master and eleven
men, being all in the ship ; so that they all died 'within
twenty-four hours after, and the murderer escaped away.
An account of provisions shipping from Pendennis for
Ireland.
14. An account of many subscribing the engagement at
Oxon, and of settling the militia there.
Convoys appointed to be constantly attending upon the
merchants' ships, and they required not to send abroad with-
out them.
An account of two ships laden with provisions sent to
general Blake riding before Lisbon.
Recruits for Ireland who ran away and were retaken ; one of
them was hanged, and others did run the gantelope for abus-
ing some countrymen ; and the court martial published some
orders for preventing the like inconveniences for the future.
Other soldiers were punished for erroneous tenets and
scandalous profaneness,
15. Letters that the earl of Clanrickard took in two or
three little places garrisoned by the parliament's army :
Irish. That the Irish upon an advantage fell upon a party of
colonel Cooke's men, and the dispute lasted many hours be-
tween them ; at length colonel Cooke routed the Irish, killed
three or four hundred of them, and took two colonels pri-
soners.
Scots. Letters that some wagoners of the general, with thirty-six
train-horses, were surprised in their quarters within a mile of
Edinburgh :
That colonel Strachan was inclinable to come in and join
with the English army :
That the laird of Brady, one of the commissioners that
brought the king from Holland into Scotland, came from the
court to the committee of estates, and declared his sorrow for
having a hand in that action :
That the king removed to Dumfermling, fearing to be
fetched away by the royal party :
That Middleton was eight thousand strong.
18. Letters that the army was quartered in Edinburgh,
Leith, and the villages eight miles compass about :
That there are great differences amongst the Scots; and
the king endeavours to reconcile all.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 259
19. Order of parliament for discharge of all sums due for
respite of homage and fines for alienation, and for all mean
rates, &c.
Referred to a committee to draw instructions for the barons
of the exchequer touching the poll-bill, &c.
An act passed for regulating the making of Norwich stuffs. 47 8
Letters that many came away from Strachan to St. John-
ston, and some from David Lesley came to Middleton.
The general published a proclamation, that if any of his Proclama-
soldiers were robbed or killed in the country he would re-tlon*
quire restitution, and life for life, of the parish where the fact
should be committed, unless they discovered the offender.
20. Letters of a ship with goods bound for Ireland taken
by Scilly pirates near Minehead :
That the princess of Orange was brought to bed of a son.
21. Letters of ministers railing in their pulpits in several Ministers.
counties against the present government ; and yet that more
than were summoned came in to take the engagement :
That the plague was ceased in Shrewsbury :
Of three Dutch ships laden cast away near Dartmouth.
22. Letters that colonel Monk, with a party of one thou- Moss-
sand six hundred, was sent to take in Derlington-house, atro°Pers-
nest of the moss-troopers, who killed many soldiers of the
army.
That he and major-general Lambert came before the house,
and cast up their batteries the same night, so that their great
guns were ready to play the next morning by the break of
day :
That their great shot played, and the fourth shot of their
mortar-piece tore the inner-gate, beat down the drawbridge
into the moat, and killed the lieutenant of the moss-troopers,
so that they called for quarter ;
Which would not be given them ; nor would they agree to
surrender to mercy but upon reverence, which was consented
unto:
That they took the governor and the captain of the moss-
troopers, and sixty soldiers :
That two of the most notorious of them and the captain
were shot to death upon the place.
They took in it many arms, sixty horses which they had
S 2
260 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
taken from the English, and released ten English prisoners,
and demolished the house.
Middleton. That Middleton laid down his arms upon condition that the
king should be forthwith crowned, and the estates and kirk
ordered him to take his command again :
That recruits were come from England to the army :
That the general and his officers kept a fast-day :
The Eng- The house had a very long and smart debate touching the
hsh laws. act £or p^ting all the books of law, and the process and pro-
ceedings in courts of justice, into the English tongue; in
which debate some spake in derogation and dishonour of the
laws of England.
For some vindication whereof, and for satisfying some
mistakes, I delivered my opinion in the house to this ef-
fect :
MR. SPEAKER,
The question upon which your present debate ariseth is of no
small moment, nor is it easily or speedily to be determined ; for it
comprehends no less than a total alteration of the frame and course
of proceedings of our law, which have been established and continued
for so many ages.
I should not have troubled you with any of my weak discourse,
but that I apprehend some mistakes and dishonour to the law of
England, if passed by without any answer, may be of ill consequence ;
and having attended to hear them answered by others, who are not
pleased to do it,
I held myself the more engaged, in the duty of my profession, to
offer to your judgment (to which I shall always submit) what I have
met with, and do suppose not to be impertinent, for the rectifying
of some mistakes which are amongst us.
A worthy gentleman was pleased to affirm with much confidence,
(as he brought it in upon this debate,) that the laws of England
were introduced by William the Conqueror, as (among other argu-
ments he asserted) might appear by their being written in the French
tongue.
In his first assertion, that our laws were introduced by William
the Conqueror out of France, I shall acknowledge that he hath several
both foreign and domestic authors whom he may follow therein ; the
foreign authors are Jovius, ^Emilius, Bodine, Hottoman, Dynothus,
Volateran, Berault, Berkley, Choppinus, Uspargensis, Malines, and
Polydore, who affirm this erroneous piece of doctrine ; but the less
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 261
to be regarded from them, because they were strangers to our laws,
and took up upon trust what they published in this point.
Of our own countrymen, they have Paris, Malmesbury, Matthew
Westminster, Fox, Cosins, Twyne, Heyward, Milles, Fulbeck, Cowel,
Ridley, Brown, Speed, Martin, and some others.
All of them affirm that the laws of England we're introduced by
William the Conqueror : but their errors are refuted by sir Roger
Owen, in his manuscript, who saith, that Roger Wendover and
Matthew Paris were the first monks that hatched these addle eggs.
I shall endeavour to show you that the original of our laws is not
from the French, that they were not introduced by William the
Conqueror out of Normandy : and I shall humbly offer to you my
answer to some of their arguments who are of a contrary opinion.
Polydore, Hist. Angl. L. 9. aifirmeth, that William the Conqueror
first appointed sheriffs and justices of the peace, erected tenures,
brought in trials by twelve men, and several other particulars of our
laws.
For sheriffs, their name, scire reeve, shows them to be of the
Saxon institution. And our histories mention the division of shires
by king Alfred ; but in truth it was much more ancient.
And it is apparent by our books and records, some whereof are in
the hustings of London and in the Tower, that the same things were
in use here long before the time of king Wil. I.
Sir Roger Owen shows at large, that livery of seisin, licenses, or
fines for alienation, daughters to inherit, trials by juries, abjurations,
outlawries, coroners, disposing of lands by will, escheats, gaols, writs,
wrecks, warranties, cattala felonum, and many other parts of our law,
and the forms of our parliaments themselves, were here in being
before the time of duke William.
Agreeing hereunto are many of our historians and learned anti-
quaries.
But it is objected, that in the Grand Customary of Normandy the
laws are almost all the same with ours of England, and the form of
their parliaments the same with ours.
That the writer of the preface to that book saith, it contains only
the laws and customs which were made by the princes of Normandy,
by the council of their prelates, earls, barons, and other wise men ;
which shows the forms of their parliament to be the same with ours,
and the laws in that book to be the proper laws of Normandy, and
ours to be the same : therefore they argue that our laws were intro-
duced from thence by William the Conqueror.
This will be fully answered, if that Grand Customary of Nor- 47 9
262 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
mandy was composed in our king Ed. I his time, (as good authors
hold it was,) then it cannot be that our laws or parliaments could be
derived from thence.
These learned men say, that this Customary was a mere transla-
tion of our law book Glanvill ; as the book of Regia Majestas, of the
laws of Scotland, is ; and the like of the laws of Burgundy.
They further add, that the first establishing of the Customary of
Normandy was in Hen. I his time ; and afterwards again about the
beginning of Ed. II his time.
If the laws in the Customary were introduced there from Eng-
land, it will then be granted that the laws of England were not in-
troduced here by William the Conqueror : but I think it very clear
that their laws were brought to them out of England ; and then you
will all agree to the conclusion.
Our king Hen. I conquered Normandy from his brother Robert,
and was a learned king, as his name Beauclerk testifies ; whom Juo
calls, An especial establisher of justice. Sequerius relates that this
king established the English laws in Normandy.
Herewith do agree Gulielmus Brito Armoricus, Rutclarius, and
other French writers ; who mention also, that the laws in the Cus-
tomary of Normandy are the same with the laws collected by our
English king Edward the Confessor, who was before the Conqueror.
An additional testimony hereof is out of William de Alenson Re-
vile, who, in his Comment upon the Customary, saith, that all the
laws of Normandy came from the English laws and nation.
In the Customary there is a chapter of Nampes, or distresses, and
decreed that one should not bring his action upon any seizure, but
from the time of the coronation of king Richard ; and this must be
our king Richard I, because no king of France was in that time of
that name ; and the words nampes and withernams were Saxon words
taken out of the English laws, signifying a pawn, or distress ; and in
the same sense are used in the Customary.
That which puts it further out of scruple is, that there are yet
extant the manuscripts themselves of the Saxon laws, made in the
parliamentary councils held by them here ; which are in the lan-
guage and character of those times ; and contain in them many of
those things which are in the Norman Customary.
It is no improbable opinion, that there was a former establish-
ment of our laws in Normandy before the time of Hen. I ; and that
there was by Edward the Confessor, who (as all writers of our his-
tory agree) was a great collector and compiler of our English laws.
He lived a long time with his kinsman duke William in Nor-
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 263
rnandy, who was willing to please the Confessor, in hopes to be ap-
pointed by him to be his successor ; wherein the duke's expectation
did not fail him.
The Confessor having no children, and finding Normandy with-
out a settled government, and wanting laws, advised with his kins-
man duke William to receive from him the laws of England, which
he had collected, and to establish them in Normandy ; which duke
William and his lords readily accepted for the good of their people ;
and thereby obliged the Confessor.
Another proof hereof is, that such laws as the Normans had be-
fore the time of duke William were different from those in the
Customary, and from the English laws.
As their law, that the husband should be hanged if the wife were
a thief, and he did not discover it; the meaner people were as
slaves ; and the like : and the trial of theft by ordeal, which then
was not in England.
Wigorniensis reports, that the Normans, who came in with queen
Emma, the wife of Ethelred, were so hated by the English for their
injustice and false judgment, that in the time of king Canutus they
were for this cause banished ; and it is the less probable that they,
being so unjust themselves, should introduce so just laws as ours
are.
Between the conquest of Normandy by Rollo and the invasion
of England by duke William, there were not above one hundred and
fifty years; that of Normandy was about anno 912; that of Eng-
land, anno 1060.
It is not then consonant to reason, that those Normans, pagans,
a rough martial people, descended from so many barbarous nations,
should in the time of one hundred and fifty years establish such ex-
cellent laws among themselves, and so different from the French
laws, among whom they were, and all parts in the world., except
England.
And such laws which were not only fit Tor their dukedom and
small territory, but fit also for this kingdom, which in those days
was the second in Europe for antiquity and worth, by confession of
most foreign historians.
If we will give credit to their own authors, this point will be suf-
ficiently evinced by them ; these words are in the proem of the
Customary, which is entitled, Descriptio Normannice :
Hucusque Normannicce consuetudinis latorem sive datorem, sanctum
Edwardum Anglia regem, fyc.
The same is witnessed by Chronica Chronicorum, that St. Edward*
264 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
king of England, gave the laws to the Normans when he was long
harboured there.
And that he made both the laws of England and Normandy, ap-
pears sufficiently by the conformity of them ; for which he cites
several particulars, as of appeals, and the custom of England ad
probandum aliquid per credentiam duodecim hominum vicinorum, which,
he saith, remained in Normandy to that day.
Polydore, forgetting himself what he wrote in another place,
saith of king Henry the Seventh, that when a doubt was made upon
the proposal of the marriage of his daughter to Scotland, that thereby
England might in time be subject unto Scotland,
The king answered, No; and that England, as the greater,
will draw to it Scotland, being the less, and incorporate it to the
laws of England, as (saith the historian) it did Normandy, though
the owner thereof was conqueror in England.
And sir Roger Owen, in his manuscript, affirms, that there is not
any of our historians, that lived in the space of two hundred years
immediately after the Conquest, which doth describe our laws to be
taken away and the Norman customs introduced by the Conqueror.
Some of them (and not improbably) mention the alteration of
some part of them, and the bringing in some Norman customs
effectual for the keeping of the peace.
There is yet behind the great argument, most insisted on, and
often urged by the gentlemen of another opinion, which is, the title
of William, who is called the Conqueror, from whence they conclude,
480 that by his conquest he changed the laws and government of this
nation ; and that his successors reckon the beginning of their reigns
from his Conquest.
To this is answered, that a posse ad esse non valet argumentum ;
the conquering of the land is one thing, the introducing of new laws
is another thing ; but there is direct proof to the contrary of this
argument.
Duke William never surnamed himself the Conqueror, nor was so
called in his lifetime, as may appear by all the letters patents and
deeds that he made, wherein he is called Gulielmus Rex, Dux, #c.,
never Conquestor ; and our ancient historians give him the same
titles, and not that of Conqueror.
In the title of Nubrigensis's book he is surnamed William the
Bastard.
Malmsbury calls him Wil. I ; Hoveden, Wil. the Elder.
Adam de Monmouth saith, " that i Ed. Ill this word Conquest
was found out to denote and distinguish the certain Edward, be-
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 265
cause two of the same name were predecessors to this king, and to
the conqueror who claimed the crown as heir to Edward the Con-
fessor ; but/' saith he, " we call him the Conquerer, for that he
overcame Harold."
Duke William himself claimed to be king of England, as suc-
cessor and adopted heir of the Confessor by his will, and Harold's
renouncing of his title by oath.
The register of St. Alban's, Matthew Paris, and others, attest
that the barons of England did homage to him as successor, and he
relied on them in his foreign wars ; and the check given to him by
the Kentish men, and the forces gathered by the abbot of St. Al-
ban's, brought him to engage to confirm the laws of the Confessor ;
and as his successor by legal right they admitted him to be their
king.
Volaterus writes, that he was made heir to the Confessor, and
was uncle to him.
Another affirms, that Edward by his will left England to him ;
Paulus ^Emilius and Fulgasius are to the same purpose.
Pope Alexander the Second sent him a banner, as witness that
with a safe conscience he might expel Harold the tyrant, because
the crown was due to him by the Confessor's will and by Harold's
oath.
Agreeable hereunto are Gemiticensis, Walsingham, Malmsbury,
Huntington, Ingulphus, Paris, Pike, Wendover, Caxton, Gisborn,
and others.
The ancient deeds of the abbey of Westminster (which were some-
times in my custody) do prove this.
King William, in his charter to them, sets forth his own title to
the crown thus : Beneficio concessionis et cognati met gloriosi regis
Edwardi.
In his second charter, dated anno 15 of his reign, he saith, "In
honour of king Edward, who made me his heir, and adopted me to
rule over this nation."
In his charter, dated 1088, of the liberties of St. Martin's the
Great, in the manuscript thereof, are these words :
" In example of Moses, who built the tabernacle, and of Solomon,
who built the temple,
" Ego Gulielmus Dei dispositione et consanguinitatis hareditate An-
glorum Basileus" $c.
The charter of Hen. I his son to this abbey : " In honour of Ed-
ward my kinsman, who adopted my father and his children to be
heirs to this kingdom," &c.
In another charter of Henry I, in the book of Ely, he calls him-
266 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
self " the son of king William the Great, who by hereditary right
succeeded king Edward."
It is true, that as to his pretence of title by the will of the Con-
fessor, Matthew Paris objecteth, that " the device was void, being
without the consent of the barons."
To which may be answered, that probably the law might be so in
Henry Ill's time, when Paris wrote, and was so taken to be in the
statute of Carlisle, and in the case of king John,
But at the time of duke William's invasion the law was taken to
be, that a kingdom might be transferred by will.
So was that of Sixtus Rufus ; and Asia came to the Romans by
the will of king Attalus : the words by Annseus Florus are, Populus
Romanus bonorum meorum hares esto.
Bithynia came to the Romans by the last will of their king Nico-
medes, which is remembered by Eutropius, together with that of
Libya.
Cicero in his oration tells us, that the kingdom of Alexandria, by
the last will of their king, was devolved to Rome.
And Prasitagus, rex Icenorum in England, upon his deathbed, gave
his kingdom to the emperor Nero.
As to examples in this point at home, this king William the First,
by his will, gave England to his younger son William Rufus.
King Stephen claimed by the will of Henry the First.
King Henry VIII had power by act of parliament to order the
succession of the crown as he pleased by will.
And the lords of the council in queen Mary's time wrote to her,
that the lady Jane's title to the crown was by the will and letters of
Edward VI.
As the case of Henry VIII was by act of parliament, so duke
William, after he had conquered Harold, was by the consent of the
barons and people of England accepted for their king, and so his
title by will confirmed.
And he both claimed and governed the kingdom as an heir and
successor, confirmed their ancient laws, and ruled according to
them.
This appears by Chronica Chronicorum : speaking of William the
Bastard, king of England, and duke of Normandy, he saith, " that
whereas St. Edward had no heir of England, William having con-
quered Harold the usurper, obtained the crown under this condi-
tion, that he should inviolably observe those laws given by the said
Edward."
It is testified likewise by many of our historians that the ancient
laws of England were confirmed by duke William.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 267
Jornalensis saith, that out of the Merchenlage, West-Saxon lage,
and Dane lage, the Confessor composed the common law, which re-
mains to this day.
Malmsbury, who lived in duke William's time, saith, that the
kings were sworn to observe the laws of the Confessor, " so called,"
saith he, " because he observed them most religiously."
But to make this point clear out of Ingulphus, he saith in the end
of his Chronicle : " I, Ingulphus, brought with me from London into
my monastery [Crowland] the laws of the most righteous king Ed-
ward, which my lord king William did command by his proclama-
tion to be authentic and perpetual, and to be observed throughout
the whole kingdom of England upon pain of most heinous punish- 48 1
ment."
The leiger book of the abbey of Waltham commends duke Wil-
liam for restoring the laws of the Englishmen out of the customs of
their country.
Radburn follows this opinion, and these laws of Edward the Con-
fessor are the same in part which are contained in our great charter
of liberties.
A manuscript, entitled, De gcstis Anglorum, saith, that at a parlia-
ment at London, 4 Wil. I, the lawyers also present, the king might
hear their laws ; he established St. Edward's laws, they being for-
merly used in king Edgar's time.
There is also mention of the twelve men out of every county, to
deliver truly the state of their laws ; the same is remembered by
Selden, History of Tithes and Titles of Honour, and in a manuscript
Chronicle bound with the book of Ely in Cotton's library.
One of the worthy gentlemen from whom I differ in opinion was
pleased to say, that if William the Conqueror did not introduce the
laws of Normandy into England, yet he conceives our laws to be
brought out of France hither in the time of some other of our kings,
who had large territories in France, and brought in their laws hither ;
else he wonders how our laws should be in French.
Sir, I shall endeavour to satisfy his wonder therein by and by ;
but first, with your leave, I shall offer to you some probabilities out
of the history, that the laws of England were by some of those
kings carried into France, rather than the laws of France brought
hither.
This is expressly affirmed by Paulus Jovius, who writes, that when
the English kings reigned in a great part of France, they taught the
French their laws.
Sabellicus, a Venetian historian, writes, that the Normans in their
manners and customs and laws followed the English.
268 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Polydore Virgil, contradicting himself in another place than be-
fore cited, relates that in our king Henry VI's time, the duke of
Bedford called together the chief men of all the cities in Normandy,
and delivered in his oration to them the many benefits that the
English afforded them, especially in that the English gave to them
their customs and laws.
By the Chronicle of Eltham, Hen. V sent to Caen in Normandy,
not only divines, but English common lawyers, by the agreement at
Troys.
So there is much more probability that the laws of England were
introduced into France and Normandy, than that the laws of Nor-
mandy, or any other part of France, were introduced in England.
If the Normans had been conquerors of England, as they were
not, but their duke was only conqueror of Harold, and received as
hereditary king of England ; yet it is not probable they would have
changed our laws and have introduced theirs, because they did not
use to do so upon other conquests.
The Normans conquered the isles of Guernsey and Jersey, yet
altered not their laws, which in their local customs are like unto
ours.
The like they did in Sicily, Naples, and Apulia, where they were
conquerors, yet the ancient laws of those countries were continued.
I hope, Mr. Speaker, I have by this time given some satisfaction
to the worthy gentlemen who differed from me, that the laws of
England were not imposed upon us by the Conqueror, nor brought
over hither either out of Normandy or any other part of France,
but are our ancient native laws. I must now come to endeavour
also to satisfy the wonder, if they were not brought out of Normandy,
or some other part of France, how come they then to be written in
the French language ?
Sir, it is to me an argument, that because they are written in
French, therefore they were not brought in by duke William the
Norman; for the French tongue was not the language of duke
William and the Normans.
They had not been then in duke William's time past four de-
scents in that part of France, and it is improbable that they in so
short a time should lose their native tongue, and take up and use
the language of another country, which was conquered by them.
The Normans came from Sweden, Gothland, Norway, and Den-
mark, between whose languages and with the High-Dutch, their
neighbours, there is a great affinity ; but between these languages
and the French there is none at all.
Ulphilus holds that the Dutch tongue came from the Goths ;
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 269
Jornandus saith, the Goths' tongue came from the Dutch : all agree
that between those languages and the French there is no affinity.
It is so improbable that duke William should cause our laws to
be in French, that when he proclaimed them, (as Ingulphus testi-
fies,) he commanded that they should be used in the same language
they were written (in English) to his justices, and gives the reason,
lest by ignorance we should happen to break them.
But it hath been further objected, if duke William did not cause
our laws to be written in French, what then should be the reason
that the Grand Customary of his Norman laws were written in the
French tongue ?
The reason thereof is given, that the Normans, being a rough and
martial people, had few clerks among them, but made use of those
French among whom they then lived, and whose language they
then began to be acquainted with and to understand.
But when they were in England they had not so much use of
those clerks and that language, but more of the English.
And probably it might be, that the Confessor had been so long in
France, that he was more master of that language than of the Nor-
man ; and that the Normans understood that language better than
the English ; and thereupon the Customary was written in the
French tongue.
But it doth not therefore follow, that duke William must cause
the English laws to be written in the French tongue ; but it is more
likely that he might cause them to be continued in their native idiom,
which was much nearer in affinity to his own northern language
than the French was.
That the French tongue was not introduced as to our laws and
other things by duke William into England, appears, in that the
French was in great use with us here both before and some time
after his invasion.
Beda affirms, that in anno 640 it was the custom of England to
send their daughters into the monasteries of France, to be brought
up there, and that Ethelbert, Ethel wolf, Ethelred, and other Saxon
kings, married into the royal blood of France.
Glabor notes, that before the time of duke William the Normans
and English did so link together, that they were a terror to foreign
nations.
Ingulphus saith, that the Saxon hand was used until the time of
king Alfred, long before the time of duke William ; and that he,
being brought up by French teachers, used the French hand.
And he notes many charters of Edred and Edgar written in the
270 MEMORIALS OP THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
French hand, and some Saxon mixed with it, as in the book of
Doomsday.
482 That Edward the Confessor, by reason of his long being in France,
was turned into the French fashion, and all England with him.
But that Will. I commanded our laws to be written in the Eng-
lish tongue because most men understood it ; and that there be many
of his patents in the Saxon tongue.
I suppose we may be satisfied that Will. I did not cause our laws
to be written in French, though the French language was much in
use here before his time.
And if he did not introduce the French language into England,
the argument falls, that because they are written in French, there-
fore he brought them in.
But, sir, I shall offer you some conjectures, how it came that our
laws were written in French ; which I suppose might be begun in
the time of our king Hen. II, who was a Frenchman born, and had
large territories and relations in France ; many of his successors
had the like, and very much to do in France, and with Frenchmen,
of whom great numbers came into England ; and they and the Eng-
lish matched and lived together, both here and in some parts of
France.
Hence it came to pass (as Giraldus Cambrensis notes) that the
English tongue was in great use in Bourdeaux, and in other parts
of France where the Englishmen were resident and conversant : the
like was, when the Frenchmen were so conversant in England.
Matthew Westminster writes, that he was in hazard of losing his
living because he understood not the French tongue; and that in king
Hen. II and king Stephen's time, who had large dominions in
France their native country, and the number of French and of
matches with them was so great, that one could hardly know who
was French and who English.
Gervasius Tilsberiensis observes the same, and Brackland writes,
that in Ric. Ist's time, preaching in England was in the French
tongue ; probably pleading might be so likewise : and in king John's
time French was accounted as the mother tongue.
There are scarce any deeds of our kings in French before Hen.
II's time ; the most are in Ed. I and Ed. II's time.
That our laws were pleaded and written in French before Ed. Ill's
time appears by the statute 36 Ed. III. c. 15. which recites the mis-
chief of the law being in French, and enacts that the law shall there-
after be pleaded in English and enrolled in Latin.
This is one ground of the mistaken opinion of Lambert, Polydore,
IN THE* YEAR MDCL. 271
Speed, and others, that duke William brought in hither both the
Norman laws and language, which I apprehend to be fully answered,
and the contrary manifested, by what I have said before on this
subject.
Polydore's mistake may appear the more, when he asserts, that
by this statute, 36 Ed. Ill, matters are to be enrolled in English,
which is contrary to the express words, that they are to be enrolled
in Latin.
Many of our law-books were written in Latin before the Norman
invasion, as appears by the ancient rolls of manors and courts baron,
and our old authors Glanvile, Bracton, Tilesbury, Hengham, Fleta,
the Register, and Book of Entries.
The records at Westminster and the Tower, and other records
yet extant,, are in Latin, and many books of our law in Latin were
translated into English about Ed. Ill's time.
Most of our statutes, from Ed. Ist's time till about the middle of
Hen. Vllth's reign, are enrolled in French, notwithstanding this
statute 36 Ed. Ill, except the statute 6 Ric. II, and some others in
Latin.
Ric. II, Hen. IV, Hen. V, and Hen. VI used to write their letters
in French, and some of our pleadings are in French, and in the
common-pleas to our time.
But, sir, our law is lex non scripta : I mean our common-law, and
our statutes, records, and books, which are written in French, are no
argument that therefore the original of our laws is from France,
but they were in being before any of the French language was in
our laws.
Fortescue writes, that the English kept their accounts in French ;
yet doubtless they had accounts here and revenues before the French
language was in use here.
My lord Coke saith, that the Conqueror taught the English the
Norman terms of hawking, hunting, gaming, &c., yet no doubt but
that these recreations were in use with us before his time.
And though duke William, or any other of our kings before or
after his time, did bring in the French tongue amongst us, yet that
is no argument that he or they did change or introduce our laws,
which undoubtedly were here long before those times ; and some of
them, when the French tongue was so much in use here, were
translated, written and pleaded and recorded in the French tongue,
yet remained the same laws still.
And from that great use of the French tongue here it was, that
the reporters of our law cases and judgments which were in those
272 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
times did write their reports in French, which was the pure French
in that time, though mixed with some words of art.
Those terms of art were taken many of them from the Saxon
tongue, as may be seen by them yet used. And the reporters of
later times, and our students at this day, use to take their notes in
French, following the old reports which they had studied, and the
old French which (as in other languages) by time came to be
varied.
I shall not deny but that some monks in elder times,, and some
clerks and officers, might have a cunning, for their private honour
and profit, to keep up a mystery, to have as much as they could of
our laws to be in a kind of mystery to the vulgar, to be the less
understood by them.
But the counsellors at law and judges can have no advantage by it ;
but perhaps it would be found, that the law being in English, and
generally more understood, yet not sufficiently, would occasion the
more suits.
And possibly there may be something of the like nature as to the
court-hand; yet if the more common hands were used in our law-
writings, they would be the more subject to change, as the English
and other languages are, but not the Latin.
Surely the French tongue used in our reports and law-books de-
serves not to be so enviously decried as it is by Polydore, Aliott,
Daniel, Hottoman, Cowel, and other censurers.
But, Mr. Speaker, if I have been tedious, I humbly ask your par-
don, and have the more hopes to obtain it from so many worthy
English gentlemen, when that which I have said was chiefly in vin-
dication of their own native laws, unto which I held myself the more
obliged by the duty of my profession ; and I account it an honour
to me to be a lawyer.
As to the debate and matter of the act now before you, 1 have
delivered no opinion against it, nor do I think it reasonable that the
generality of the people of England should, by an implicit faith,
depend upon the knowledge of others in that which concerns them
most of all.
483 It was the Romish policy to keep them in ignorance of matters
pertaining to their souls' health ; let them not be in ignorance of
matters pertaining to their bodies, estates, and all their worldly
comfort.
It is not unreasonable that the law should be in that language
which may best be understood by those whose lives and fortunes
are subject to it, and are to be governed by it.
IN THE YEAR MDCL.
Moses read all the laws openly before the people in their mother
tongue; God directed him to write it, and to expound it to the
people in their own native language ; that what concerned their
lives, liberties, and estates, might be made known unto them in the
most perspicuous way.
The laws of the eastern nations were in their proper tongue.
The laws at Constantinople were in Greek, at Rome in Latin ; in
France, Spain, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and other nations, their
laws are published in their native idiom.
For your own country, there is no man that can read the Saxon
character but may find the laws of your ancestors yet extant in the
English tongue.
Duke William himself commanded the laws to be proclaimed in
English, that none might pretend ignorance of them.
It was the judgment of the parliament, 36 Edw. Ill, that pleadings
should be in English ; and in the reigns of those kings, when our
statutes were enrolled in French and English, yet then the sheriffs
in their several counties were to proclaim them in English.
I shall conclude with a complaint of what I have met with abroad
from some military persons, nothing but scoffs and invectives against
our law, and threats to take it away ; but the law is above the reach
of those weapons, which at one time or another will return upon
those that use them.
Solid arguments, strong reasons and authorities, are more fit for
confutation of any error, and satisfaction of different judgments.
When the emperor took a bishop in complete armour in a battle, he
sent the armour to the pope with this word, Haccine sunt vestes
Jiliitui?
So may I say to those gentlemen abroad, as to their railings,
taunts, and threats against the law, Haccine sunt argumenta horum
antinomianorum ? They will be found of no force, but recoiling arms.
Nor is it ingenuous or prudent for Englishmen to deprave their
birthright, the laws of their own country.
But to return to the matter in debate, I can find neither strange-
ness nor foresee great inconvenience by passing of this act ; and
therefore if the house shall think fit to have the question put for the
passing of it, I am ready to give my affirmative.
The question being put,
It was unanimously carried, that the act should pass, for /
turning the law-books and the process and proceedings in"""
the courts of justice into English.
23. Letters from Scotland of the proceedings of the army
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. T
274 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
in raining Edinburgh -castle, and that part of the king's house
there was burnt.
25. Letters that the Scots officers had sent to break off
any treaty of accommodation, and that they were to have a
general meeting for reconciling all parties :
Kirk. That among some tories taken in Scotland one was an
elder of the kirk, who confessed the killing of some of the
English, being instigated by the ministers :
That colonel Monk had taken in the strong castle of Roswel:
That the Scots were agreed amongst themselves, and rais-
ing forces to recruit their army to thirty thousand.
Ireland. 26. Letters that colonel Axtel, governor of Kilkenny,
marched forth with about eight hundred horse and foot to
relieve the parliament's garrison, and met with three thou-
sand foot and three hundred horse, under Clanrickard, who
had taken some of the parliament's garrisons, and blocked up
a pass :
Victory. That colonel Axtel faced a pass which was strongly forti-
fied, and manned with horse and foot, and a deep river be-
tween him and the enemy ; they had an hour's dispute on both
sides the river, in which the enemy lost one hundred and
fifty men, Axtel lost but one lieutenant, and six wounded :
That by reason of the steepness of the banks of the river,
the soldiers could not get up, and so retreated :
C. Axtel. That Axtel having an additional strength, in all eighteen
hundred foot, and one thousand horse and dragoons, he ad-
vanced towards the enemy, who were above four thousand,
and got into an island, into which there is one pass, with a
bog on each side, and the pass fortified in several places, one
behind another, as reserves ; all which must be gained before
one could enter into the island :
That Axtel's men made an attempt upon the enemy about
an hour before night, and after a small dispute gained two of
their guards, and at the third guard they came to the but-
end of the musket; but Axtel's men forced their entrance
into the island, and the enemy were totally routed :
That they lost all their arms, two hundred horse, all their
wagons, oxen, tents, and what was in the camp of provi-
sions and ammunition :
That besides those that were killed, many of the Irish
were drowned :
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 275
That five hundred of them were driven into the Shannon
by a party of the parliament's horse, and were drowned all
in one company together :
That not above three hundred of their whole party escaped,
yet Axtel lost but one captain, Goffe, with eight common
soldiers, and twenty wounded :
That after this defeat the enemy fired and quitted the gar-
risons they had taken, and fled, and Axtel returned to Kil-
kenny :
That the next day he marched out again, to find out an-
other party of the enemy, who infested that country :
That Nenagh-castle was surrendered to the lieutenant-
deputy, who drew off from Limerick by reason of the unsea-
sonable time of the year.
Upon reading of this letter in the house, they ordered
thanks to be given the next Lord's-day in the several
churches in London for this victory.
The act passed for the i2o,ooo£. assessment per mensem.
27. Letters of the refractoriness of the magistrates and
ministers of Weymouth to the parliament's orders.
28. Letters that colonel Cooke with three thousand men
fell upon the enemy, being five thousand, routed and killed
of them about fifteen hundred near Limerick :
That three ships were wrecked near Plymouth by storms.
29. Letters that colonel Blake, hearing of a French man of Blake,
war lying to take the English merchants coming out of the
Straits, he with the Phoenix and his own frigate found out
and fell upon the Frenchman, and after some hours' fight
took and brought her into Cadiz :
That colonel Mildmay took another French ship laden with
rich commodities.
30. Letters that the Jersey pirates took two Dartmouth 484
ships and three other ships.
Of the increase of the plague about Exeter.
That by great shot from the castle eight or nine persons
were killed, most of them Scots, and three women.
December 1650.
2. Letters of an insurrection in Norfolk begun for the
king, but soon dispersed by some troops of colonel Rich's
regiment.
T2
276 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Letters of colonel Monk's being set down before Broth-
wick-castle : and of a ship with arms come into the enemy :
Scots. That some differences were between the committee of estates
and the kirk about their general meeting, but overvoted by
the ministers to comply with the king :
Portugal. That upon the news of the parliament's victory in Scot-
land the king of Portugal released the English merchants,
and resolved to send an ambassador into England to the
parliament.
A soldier sentenced to death for running away from his
colours upon his march to Scotland.
3. An act passed for Mr. Manby, that no other shall make
use of his invention for boiling of liquors for fourteen years.
Sermon. 4. Letters of a minister at Taunton endeavouring in his
sermon to possess the people that the present magistrates in
England were against Jesus Christ.
5. That some London ships in fight with French ships
fired themselves and the French together :
That the French ship taken by colonel Blake was worth a
million.
6. Letters that Whaley and others, to the number of five
thousand men, were marched towards Scotland to join with
the army :
That in his march he took in Dalkeith-castle, the wall
whereof was thirteen foot broad at the top, and in it he took
store of arms, ammunition, and provisions :
That the English soldiers married divers of the Scots
women.
7. An account to the parliament by an officer of colonel
Rich, who was present at the suppressing the insurrection in
Norfolk.
9. Letters that colonel Ker attempting to fall on major-
general Lambert in his quarters, his men took the alarm,
encompassed colonel Ker's men, being all horse, killed a
hundred of them, took a hundred prisoners and four hundred
horse :
Scots. That the kingly party carried it to vote colonel Strachan's
declaration to be scandalous and tending to division, but
questioned none of the parties to it; but divers lords and
ministers protested against this vote :
That the first of January next the king's coronation is
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 277
appointed, and in the meantime two fasts, one for the sins of
the king and his family, the other for the sins of the kirk
and state.
10. An act passed for establishing an high court of justice
in Norfolk, &c. for punishing the late insurrections there.
Votes passed touching additional pay for the soldiers, and
for preventing of free quarter.
11. Letters of the death of the queen regent of France.
Of letters come to the Spanish ambassador at London
carried first to the council of state.
12. Letters of the militia settled in several places.
Of the ceasing of the plague in Shrewsbury, and thereupon
that the markets were as full as ever.
13. Letters that in the pursuit of colonel Ker's men the
colonel himself was taken prisoner and wounded :
That yet the Scots reported major-general Lambert was
taken prisoner and all his party, five regiments defeated;
and a Scotchman swore that he saw major-general Lambert
and twelve colours carried into Stirling :
That the king is to make his repentance for his endeavour
to escape :
That the purging of the kirk and state is intended, but no
malignant to be excluded ; but those of the honest party to
be laid aside.
14. Letters that one Livingston, a minister, one of the com-
missioners sent to the king at Breda, came to the committee
of estates professing sorrow for his acting as a commissioner,
and that the blood spilt at Dunbar lay upon the commis-
sioners ; that he would retire and repent :
That captain Hammond was killed from the castle :
That the great guns and a mortar-piece were come from
London to Leith, and
That the soldiers were much pleased with the good biscuit
sent them from London.
16. Letters from the general to the speaker of the results Letters
of the treaties with colonel Strachan and other Scots officers, w°f£
and an account of the defeat given to colonel Ker :
That there is a great distraction and mighty workings of
God upon the hearts of divers religious people in Scotland,
both ministers and others, much of it tending to the justi-
fication of your cause.
278 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Declare- A declaration was published in Scotland of the king and
committee of estates, concerning the remonstrance of colonel
Strachan and his party.
And another declaration and resolution of the general
assembly of the kirk of Scotland.
17. An act passed for continuing two former acts touching
elections in London of common-councilmen, &c.
Vote that the fee called damna clericorum or damage deer,
shall be taken away, and an act to be brought in for that
purpose.
An act passed for the sale of the lord Deincourt's lands.
High court Upon a report from the council of state of all the proceed-
ings of the high court of justice upon the trial of the king,
the house ordered them to be recorded amongst the records
of parliament, and to be transmitted into the chancery and
other courts at Westminster, and to the custos rotulorum of
the several counties.
That an ambassador from the king of Portugal to the par-
liament was arrived in the Isle of Wight.
Blake. 18. Letters from the admirals at sea, that upon a letter
from the council of state to improve all opportunities for the
service of the state, he took the French man of war and went
on in pursuit of prince Rupert :
That Blake pursued the prince to the port of Carthagena
belonging to the king of Spain, where the prince with five
ships was put in, and Blake sent to the governor that an
enemy to the state of England was come thither.
That he had orders from the parliament to pursue him, &c.
and the king of Spain being in amity with the parliament,
Blake desired leave to take all advantages there against an
enemy.
485 To this the governor returned answer, that he could not
take any notice of the difference of any nations or persons
among themselves, only such as were declared enemies to the
king his master; that they came in thither for safety, and
therefore he could not but give them protection, and that he
would do the like to them, assuring them all safety if they
also did come in whilst they should stay there.
That Blake sent a reply, pressing the governor for leave to
fall upon the prince, and thanking him for his offer to him-
self; but the governor sent to the king of Spain to know his
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 279
pleasure herein, and in the mean time Blake waited without
the harbour.
That since the defeat of colonel Ker they took a hundred
horse more about Aire, and colonel Strachan came in to
major-general Lambert with about sixty horse, many of them
officers.
Jasper Collins was hanged at Charing-cross for extorting
money from the country, and other outrages, as he marched
with recruits towards Ireland.
Another was tied by the thumbs to the gibbet, for conceal-
ing a design to betray Wallingford-castle, where he was a
soldier.
Two others whipped at the gibbet for running from their
colours.
19. Letters that the money and supplies sent from the par-
liament to the army were arrived at Leith :
That three of the parliament's soldiers defended a weak
house three hours together in their shirts against a hundred
moss-troopers.
20. Letters that prince Rupert came to Malaga and other
ports, and fired and sunk divers English merchant ships, and
demanded the master of a London ship who had signed the
petition against the personal treaty, saying that he would boil
him in pitch ; but the governor of Malaga refused to deliver
up the master to him.
Of a French ship sent in prize to Pool by captain Mildmay.
21 . Letters that Blake fell upon prince Rupert in Malaga Blake.
road, sunk two or three of his ships, run on shore and ex-
posed to shipwreck the rest of his fleet, only two ships escaped,
wherein it is conceived prince Rupert and his brother prince
Maurice were, and Blake in chase of them :
That when the great guns and mortar-pieces played against Scotland.
Edinburgh-castle, they hung out a flag of defiance ; but after
they had played a while, and some execution done by them,
those in the castle hung out another flag for a treaty,
And sent a messenger to the general that they might have
time to send to their friends at Stirling, to know by what
time they might expect relief from them, and if their expec-
tation was not answered therein, that then they would treat
for surrender of the castle ;
280 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Or if this should be denied, then they desired that some of
the Scots prisoners with the general might be permitted to
come into the castle to speak with them ; which the general
granted :
That the soldiers in the castle were many of them sick, for
want of water.
23. Letters that the battery went on against Edinburgh-
castle, and dismounted three of their guns, and shattered
their platform in pieces.
Copies sent to the parliament of the summons sent by the
general to the governor of Edinburgh-castle, with his answer
and the general's replies.
24. Upon a petition of the adventurers for lands in Ireland,
a committee appointed to consider of it, and to state the mat-
ter of fact of that business.
An act passed giving power to the lieutenant-general,
deputy, and commissioners of Ireland ; and declaring several
laws to be in force in Ireland.
Order touching the trade of gold and silver wire.
A safe conduct granted for the ambassador of Portugal to
repair to London.
Spanish Upon information by the speaker that the Spanish am-
ambassa- bassador had been with him, and delivered to him a copy of
the credentials directed to the parliament of the common-
wealth of England, and signed by the king of Spain, the
house ordered that the ambassador should have audience.
The general sent his letter to the commanders at Chester,
Conwey, and other parts, commanding that none of the sol-
diers offer to give any disturbance to justice in the case of
Cheadle, who had murdered Bulkeley.
Letters that the high court of justice at Norfolk had con-
demned six of the mutineers in the late insurrection, who
were executed at Norwich.
Blake. 25. Letters that prince Rupert was got on shore in Spain,
and being demanded by colonel Blake, the king of Spain re-
fused the person of the prince, but sent a messenger to the
parliament about it.
26. Letters that sir Arthur Haselrigge and Mr. Scot, mem-
bers of the council of state, were come to Edinburgh :
Scotland. That the king made a speech in the parliament at St. John-
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 281
ston, expressing much joy that he was the first covenanted
king of the nation.
27. Letters that major-general Lambert was come to Edin-
burgh with colonel Ker and other prisoners :
That after much execution done by the great guns and
mortar-pieces in Edinburgh-castle, and the general denying
them to send to the committee of estates,
The governor admitted a treaty, and the commissioners Edinburgh-
agreed upon the surrender of the castle to the lord-general rendered!"
Cromwell, with all the ordnance, arms, magazine, and fur-
niture of war, upon honourable articles ; and hostages given
to perform them :
That in the castle were fifty-two pieces of ordnance, many
of them brass, ten thousand arms, and great store of ammu-
nition and provisions.
28. The general published a proclamation for the obser-
vation of the articles for surrender of Edinburgh-castle by all
the officers and soldiers of his army, on pain of death. &
30. An account of the surrender of Edinburgh-castle, with
a copy of the articles of rendition, sent up to the parlia-
ment.
This was related to be the first time that Edinburgh-castle
was taken, being the strongest and best fortified and provided
in Scotland.
The goods in it were of great value, but by the articles the
owners had liberty to fetch them away.
The taking in of this chief strength, the army not being
far off, yet affording no relief, was looked upon as very strange
in relation to them, and very successful as to the general and
the affairs of parliament.
Letters that the governor of Carlisle sent a party of a thou-
sand into Scotland, who took in some small forts and divers
prisoners and goods :
The high court of justice proceeded to the trial of several
more offenders in the late insurrection in Norfolk.
31. Upon the general's letters of the surrender of Edin-486
burgh-castle, the house ordered a day of thanksgiving for that
and the other late successes of the parliament's forces.
The Spanish ambassador had audience in the house with
much ceremony.
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
January 1650.
1. A particular account of the whole action of general
Blake in destroying of prince Rupert's fleet.
Letters of a ship cast away in the west, and upon the ship-
wreck a man and a boy were cast into a clift, and saved alive
after they had lain there from Tuesday until Friday.
2. An examination of a prisoner, who related the danger of
the lord Ormond, Inchequin, and others of the king's party at
sea., from Ireland, and that the popish clergy had excommu-
nicated Ormond and all his adherents :
That the Irish were got together, seven thousand foot and
one thousand five hundred horse.
3. A corporal hanged for taking a mare from a constable,
and beating and wounding him, and making uproars in the
town, and affrighting the people.
Another ran the gantelope for drunkenness and being
found in bed with a woman not his wife.
Scots. Others whipped for running from their colours.
4. Letters that the court at Stirling were much troubled at
the surrender of Edinburgh-castle.
6. Letters that the Scots are agreed to make use of all sorts
of their people in their defensive war, and commissions are
given to the malignants ; but divers thereupon have laid down
their commands, and are dissatisfied :
That the kirk were now as zealous to admit the malignants
as they were formerly to purge them out of the army :
That the kirk have commanded notice to be taken in every
parish of those that speak favourably of the sectaries, that
they may be excommunicated;
And that he is called a sectary who talks of a malignant :
That the English malignants are all received again :
High court That the high court of justice in Norfolk had condemned
twenty-four persons for the late insurrection, of whom twenty
were executed.
nf\ An act passed for setting apart the day for public thanks-
giving, and a declaration of the grounds thereof.
Several votes passed touching the public accounts of the
commonwealth, and augmentations for maintenance of min-
isters.
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 283
8. Letters that the Irish would have cast off their king, Ireland,
because of his agreeing with the Scots and disowning his
father's ways. But,
That others excused the king, as forced to do what he did
in Scotland.
9. Letters that some merchants' ships of England making
a stop at Crock-haven in Ireland, the Irish came on board
them, and pretended that they were weary of the king's
ministers, and would be for the parliament of England ; where-
upon the masters of the ships invited them to dinner on ship-
board, and they again invited the masters to a dinner with
them on shore.
That whilst the masters were at dinner with the Irish, they
had fitted out some boats with men, and went and surprised
and took the ships and all the men left in them.
10. The Portugal ambassador had audience in the house, Portugal
and delivered his credential letters, being rightly directed, ^ as
Prolocutori parliaments reipublicce Anglice, else they would not
have received them.
11. A committee was appointed to meet with the Portugal
ambassador, who spake to them in his own language, the
Portuguese tongue, and recounted the ancient amity between
the crown of Portugal and the commonwealth of England,
the continuance whereof, he said, was desired by the king his
master.
The chairman of the committee answered, that they would
report to the parliament what his excellency had said to them.
And so, after ceremonies, they parted. The committee came
in with the mace before them into the court of wards' cham-
ber, prepared for the ambassador after he was come thither ;
but the ambassador went first away.
Letters of the crowning of the king at Scone in Scotland, Coronation
the first of January, but not with much state. at Scone>
13. Letters of the ceremonies of the king's coronation, their
' bonfires, scattering of moneys, riding in their parliament
robes, healths, and other solemnities :
That their great business is to levy new forces ; all are re-
ceived that will come in against the common enemy, the
English. Two ministers were imprisoned for speaking against
this.
284 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That the south of Scotland do conform to the English army,
pay contribution, and remain in their habitations :
That divers of the soldiers who were in Edinburgh- castle
were imprisoned after the surrender of it for mutiny and
forcing their governor to yield it up :
That the Scots intend with a new army to slip into Eng-
land:
That the marquis of Argyle and two of the clergy put the
crown upon the king's head, which was silver double gilt.
Order for io/. to be given to any one who shall apprehend
a felon, and the sheriff to pay it.
14. An act passed for continuance of the committee of the
army and treasurers at war.
An act passed for encouraging the importation of bullion.
Great seal. An act passed to authorize the lords commissioners of the
great seal to issue forth commissions under the great seal to
delegates, to hear and determine the business of Mrs. Pucker-
ing and Mr. Welch, who forced her to speak words of mar-
riage to him, and carried her forcibly out of England to
Dunkirk.
And the commissioners to have power to send for parties,
and to examine all pretended marriages of this nature ; and
as they find, by the proofs brought before them, to give sen-
tence, either to confirm or make void the said marriages.
An act passed for taking away damage-cleer.
Scotland. Letters that the king was appointed captain-general of the
Scots army ; and duke Hamilton is to be lieutenant-general,
David Lesley to be major-general, and Middleton lieutenant-
general of the horse, and Massey to be major-general of the
English.
25. Letters of a woman hanged at Oxford, who was re-
covered to life again by the doctors, and said that she felt no
pain, nor remembered any thing that was done to her at that
PcJ .
time.
487 16. Letters that general Blake sent in four prizes : one was
Blake. a ;prench man of war, with forty copper guns, whose captain
being commanded on board by general Blake, he asked him
if he was willing to lay down his sword; the captain an-
swered, No :
Then Blake bid him return to his ship, and fight it out as
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 285
long as he was able ; which he did ; and after two hours' fight
he came in and submitted, and kissing his sword delivered it
to Blake, who sent him and his ship with the rest into Eng-
land.
17. Letters of a remonstrance of divers ministers sent to
the commissioners of the kirk against their present proceed-
ings, but the ministers were threatened to be proceeded
against unless they desist.
18. Letters that the Scots army was eight thousand horse
and eight thousand foot, and they resolved to bring it up to
fifty thousand, and then to give battle to the English army :
That colonel Fen wick took possession of Edinburgh-castle,
as governor thereof:
That a party of dragoons took a ship laden with herrings
going to the Scots.
20. Letters that at the coronation of the king in Scotland
many speeches were made to him; and the kirk promised
him good success, if he did hearken to their council :
That he gave them fair answers, and signed the covenant,
and promised to defend them, and maintain their laws, go-
vernment, and covenant :
That a party of eight hundred choice, horse attempted the
quarters of the English at Linlithgow, but were beaten back.
Letters of great mischiefs, murders, and plunderings by
the tories in Ireland, many of whom the governor of Dublin
had killed and taken :
That the governor is turning the papists out of Dublin.
21. A pardon granted to four persons condemned to die
by the high court of justice for the late insurrection in Nor-
folk.
A new seal for the parliament approved, and an act passed N<
for the use of it, and that it shall be treason to counter-
feit it.
22. Letters that at the assizes at Taunton two men ac-
cused a poor fellow, and preferred eight indictments against
him, for stealing eight sheep ; but upon the trial some (being
accidentally present) came in as witnesses, and fully proved
that those eight sheep were stolen by the accusers them-
selves, who were indicted for it, and hardly escaped the gal-
lows.
Letters that the States of Holland, Zealand, and Gronin-
286 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
gen did acknowledge the parliament of the commonwealth
of England.
23. Letters that one Story, a soldier, was hanged by sen-
tence of the court martial for killing a countryman; and
another soldier, accessory to it, was hanged on the same gib-
bet whilst one walked ten paces; and was then cut down,
and recovered to life again.
24. Letters that some countrymen, Scots, were hanged in
chains by sentence of the judge advocate of the English
army for killing some of the English soldiers :
That several rendezvouses of the Scots army were ap-
pointed, and the king present at them :
Kirk. That the commissioners of the kirk presented a remon-
strance to the king at St. Johnston.
25. Letters that the kirk pressed the king to humble him-
self, and to quit the nation of their enemies now in the bowels
of the kingdom.
27. Letters of a mutiny at Stirling, which David Lesley
had much to do to appease :
That the general intends to attempt Hume-castle :
That a ship laden with clothes and provisions from Lon-
don submitted to a garrison of the Scots on the sea, through
the malignancy of the master :
Kirk. That the kirk set forth an exhortation to their brethren at
Edinburgh from communion with the English or any that
desert the kirk :
That there were jealousies between Argyle and Hamilton.
28. An act passed for continuing the act for the militia.
A charge of the grand jury of Northumberland against
one Musgrave, who had much traduced sir Arthur Hasel-
rigge, ordered by the council of state, and Musgrave com-
mitted.
Ayscam. 29. Letters that means are used in Spain by the king and
his council to give satisfaction to the parliament of England
for the murder of their public agent Mr. Ayscam there, but
that the church opposed the punishing of the murderers,
being fled to sanctuary.
But the parliament insisted upon it to the Spanish ambas-
sador here to have them punished, or no further treaty with
that crown.
30. Letters of divisions among the Irish by the popish clergy;
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 287
And opposition made against Ormond and Inchequin :
That the rebels in Kerry, being five thousand foot and five
hundred horse, dispersed the quarters of colonel le Hunt;
and that major-general Waller was gone to fight them :
That divers robberies and murders were committed near
Tadcaster ; and the thieves demanded of those they robbed
whether they had taken the engagement.
31. Letters of the king's going about to several rendez-
vouses and garrisons to encourage the soldiers :
That a party of horse from Stirling took seven or eight
straggling soldiers of the parliament's.
February 1650.
1. The parliament appointed the lord chief justice St. John Ambassa-
and Mr. Strickland to go ambassadors extraordinary to the states.
States of the United Provinces. Strickland had been agent
there before, and for his experience thought fit to be sent
with St. John, who was Cromwell's creature ; and his dispo-
sition suited with such an employment, which met with good
abilities, though not much versed in foreign affairs or lan-
guages.
Mr. Strickland was an honest rational gentleman, and
versed in the Dutch business ; but St. John was looked upon
as the principal man.
The number of men and ships agreed upon for the reduc-
ing of Barbadoes.
A difference between colonel Sidney, governor of Dover,
and his officers, referred to the council of state.
3. Letters of an alarm taken by the enemy at Stirling,
upon notice that the English army intended a march thither :
That many of their new listed men run away :
That colonel Fenwick summoned Hume-castle to be sur- Hume-
rendered to general Cromwell ; but the governor answered, castle-
that he knew not Cromwell, and for his castle, it was built
upon a rock :
That the general assembly of the rebels in Ireland, which 488
they call their parliament, declared their due and perfect
obedience to his majesty ; yet that they will insist upon the
articles of peace, and provide against the violation of them :
And that the king being in the hands of the Scots presby-
terians, who had vowed the extirpation of their religion, they
288 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
would receive no governor from him whilst he was in this
unfree condition.
King's 4. Order that the king's arms be taken down in all public
places, and the arms of the commonwealth set up in the
room thereof, and the charge of it paid out of the parish-
rates; and the justices of peace, churchwardens, and other
officers, to see this order executed.
An additional act passed for the sale of fee-farm rents.
Letters of the commissioners' safe arrival in Ireland.
5. Letters that the ministers about Liverpool refused to
observe the thanksgiving- day :
Of several prizes brought in.
Ministry. 6. Letters of an agreement of the ministers of Somerset
and Devon to refuse subscribing the engagement, or observ-
ing the orders of parliament :
That colonel Pine's militia regiment of twelve hundred
had a rendezvous, and showed great forwardness.
Hume- 7. Letters that colonel Fenwick with the great guns played
against Hume-castle, and that the governor sent this letter
to him :
I, William of the wastle,
Am now in my castle,
And awe the dogs in the town
Shand garre me gang down.
Letters of a party pursuing the earl of Castlehaven in Ire-
land, and that corn is extreme dear there :
That liberty being given to the Dutch to carry provisions
custom-free to the parliament's army in Scotland, many
Dutch ships are preparing to supply the army.
Letters of an Ostender refusing to come in to one of the
parliament's frigates, she sunk the Ostender.
Fenwick. 10- Letters that the mortar-pieces had done great execu-
tion against Hume-castle, and spoiled many rich goods there,
and the great guns had made breaches ; whereupon colonel
Fenwick resolved upon a storm, and the officers cast lots
who should lead on to it :
But the governor beat a parley ; Fenwick refused to treat,
unless they would presently surrender upon quarter for life ;
which they did ; and Fenwick appointed some officers to look
to the equal sharing of the goods among his soldiers, only
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 289
the governor's lady had liberty to carry out some of her
goods and bedding for her accommodation :
That the army began their march with eight regiments of
foot and nine of horse towards Stirling :
That there are great divisions among the Scots.
11. Vote, that the council of state should be altered for Council of
the year ensuing, twenty-one of the old members to continue
in still, and twenty new members to be chosen in :
This was done by way of ballotting.
The old members which continued were, Cromwell, Brad-
shaw, Holies, St. John, Skippon, sir Arthur Haselrigge, sir
Gilbert Pickering, sir Henry Vane, junior, sir William Ma-
sham, sir William Armyn, sir Henry Mildmay, sir James
Harrington, Whitelocke, Lisle, lord Grey, colonel Purefoy,
Scot, Challoner, Walton, Bond, Gordon.
The names of the new members were, sir Thomas Wid-
drington, Prideaux, major-general Harrison, Strickland, lieu-
tenant-general Fleetwood, sir John Trevor, sir William Bre-
reton, sir John Bouchier, Love, Allen, Salwey, Lister, Thomp-
son, Gary, Fielder, Barley, Say, Cawley, Goodwyn, Lemman.
12. Letters of a court martial at Plymouth; they began Court
with prayer, and condemned three soldiers to die for running mi
away from their colours.
13. Letters of a ship taken at Pool by the pirates, pretend-
ing commission from the king.
14. Letters that the Scots, in a village called Geddard,
rose and armed themselves, and set upon captain Dawson as
he returned from pursuing some moss-troopers, killed his
guide and trumpet, and took him and eight of his party ;
and after they had given them quarter, killed them all in
cold blood :
That the lord deputy had scattered the rebels, and was
returned to Dublin.
15. Letters that the general marched with his army three Cromwell.
days westward, but by reason of the extreme snow and
storms they were forced to return back to Edinburgh :
That the enemy were sufficiently alarmed by this march,
and fled to Stirling, but none appeared against the English.
17. Letters that the general had been ill in Scotland, and
some miscarriages in some of the soldiers in their late march,
which were punished ;
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. U
290 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
And the general set out a proclamation, that none should
buy any goods of soldiers without their officers' hands to
attest it :
That general Buthen was dead, and the cavaliers of the
deepest dye hold colour best in Scotland :
That the presbyterians see how they are deceived, and
preach against them as much as they dare :
That Tantallon-castle was besieged by colonel Monk, and
the town was burnt by the governor.
Ireland. 18. Letters that sir Hardress Waller and colonel Cromwell
had relieved the English garrisons in Kerry, and taken four
from the Irish, and made their army fly, and killed as many
of them as they found :
That in the mean time the Irish got together in a body
from several places, imagining the English could not draw
forth another party of any strength to oppose them :
But by reason of divisions among themselves, the Irish
could not have a conjunction and body together above three
or four thousand.
That the English drew all the strength they could against
them, but could not attack them.
Blake. General Blake had the thanks of the house for his great
and faithful service.
Instructions and credentials passed for the ambassadors to
be sent to the United Provinces.
19. Letters that the Irish being abroad in several parties,
colonel Reynolds with one party and colonel Hewson with
another were out to attend the motions of the enemy :
That four parliament troopers were taken by the Scots
489 near Carlisle, three of them were killed, and the fourth saved
his life by swearing he was a Scot :
That the Scots would laugh in the faces of the English,
and take the next opportunity to cut their throats.
20. Letters of disturbance of the execution of the militia
about Cambridgeshire by some of the commissioners being
malignant s.
21. Letters of recruits in Cornwall readily coming to be
under sir Hardress Waller in Ireland :
That the settling of the militia and subscribing the en-
gagement goes on readily in those parts.
That the Scilly pirates took a rich Londoner, and several
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 291
merchant-men have been taken on the western coast by the
Jersey pirates.
22. Letters that the ministers about Northampton did
generally refuse to take the engagement.
24. Letters that a hoy of Hamburgh coming with cheese
for Leith, and brought by stress of weather into the north of
Scotland, was there seized on and examined, and showed
cockets for Havre-de-grace in France, whereupon he was
dismissed, and a Scotsman embarked with him for Havre-de-
grace.
The Hamburgher, having thus got free, brought his cheese
and the Scotsman to Leith.
Mr. Fry, a member of parliament, being accused by colonel Mr. Fry's
Downes, another member in parliament, for a book written
by Mr. Fry, and Mr. Fry having printed another book with
all this matter in it ;
The house voted this to be a breach of the privilege of par-
liament.
They voted other matters in the book to be erroneous, pro-
fane, and highly scandalous :
That the book be burnt, and Mr. Fry disabled to sit in
parliament as a member thereof.
Several persons executed for robbing the Charter-house
hospital.
25. Letters that the lord deputy had settled the customs Ireland,
at Waterford and those parts, and encouraged the natives
to plough and sow their land, and restrained the killing of
lambs :
That the plague was broken out at Waterford, whereupon
the lord deputy removed to Kilkenny, to be nearer to the
enemy :
That two troops fell upon the tories, killed about fifty of
them, and took some prisoners :
That the soldiers were in great want of victuals and clothes.
Proposals were agreed by the lord deputy, and his com-
mission granted to colonel Lawrence for raising a regiment
of twelve hundred in England, and to transport them to
Waterford. The parliament approved of them, and referred
it to the lord deputy and the commissioners in Ireland to see
them executed.
Referred to the council of state to order the stores and
u2
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
magazines both for sea and land service as they shall think
best for the advantage of the commonwealth.
Pardons passed for divers poor prisoners upon certificates
of the judges.
Order for an act to confine papists and delinquents to their
houses.
Letters that the king was active in surveying his garrisons
and new levies.
26. Letters that two Dutchmen laden with salt came to an
anchor within half a league of Dartmouth -castle ; that pre-
sently after, two Jersey pirates came up with them, cut their
cables by the half, and carried them away :
That the castle shot at them, but could not reach them.
27. Order by the parliament that the officers for the re-
cruits of Ireland shall constantly attend their charges, and
the forces to march directly to their ports, and in their march
to quarter in inns and alehouses, and to pay for what they
have.
Referred to the council of state to send this order into the
several counties where the recruits are to pass to the com-
missioners of the militia, and for the assessment, and to the
constables, that it be observed.
28. Letters that the Irish having distressed a party of the
parliament's forces, another commanded party marched from
Kilkenny to relieve them, and after five weeks' march in
such a season of the year, into such inaccessible places, they
scattered the enemy, driving them out of many strong holds,
some whereof they had taken from the parliament's forces :
That after pursuing them with fire and sword, and utterly
destroying that part of the country, which was part of the
enemy's chief fastness and refuge, in their return home, the
parliament's foot engaged with the enemy's at their own
play and upon their own terms, in such fastnesses of woods
and bogs, that the parliaments horse could not come near.
But God showing himself, the Irish were not able to abide,
but quickly fled, leaving their ammunition and store of their
arms behind them : and some hundreds of them fell by the
sword in this expedition.
March 1650.
1. Letters of Jersey pirates very bold upon the western
coast :
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 293
That Tantallon-castle in Scotland, after battery and play- Scotland.
ing with granados, was surrendered upon mercy, there being
in it ninety-one officers and soldiers, and that this cleared
the passage between Edinburgh and Berwick.
The high court of justice sentenced sir Henry Hyde, late
agent for the king in Turkey, to be beheaded for sundry
treasons and crimes committed by him against the common-
wealth.
3. Letters that the general and officers of the army in
Scotland kept a day of humiliation for the sins of the army :
That thirty sail of ships were lately come into Leith with
supplies from London for the army ; that one of them was
cast away :
That the king went into the north of Scotland to hasten
the levies, and came to Aberdeen to compose their differences ;
but the presbytery there opposed their proceedings, espe-
cially in the receiving of Huntley ; and that the chancellor's
power is down :
That Faux-castle was surrendered to the general :
That the country about Edinburgh sent in one hundred
horse for assistance of the general :
That colonel Ludlow shipped with his men for Ireland.
4. The parliament ordered a day to be set apart to seek a
blessing from God upon their councils at home and their
forces abroad by sea and land.
An act passed for colonel Popham and colonel Blake and Admirals.
colonel Dean, or any two of them, to be admirals and generals
of the fleet for the year ensuing.
An act empowering the council of state and the admirals 490
at sea, for the pressing of men as there shall be cause.
Amendments passed to a bill for a new invention in melt-
ing down of metals with coal.
5. No letters came from Scotland nor from Ireland.
6. Letters of several ships taken by pirates of Jersey and
Scilly.
Of the willingness of recruits about Exon to go for Scot-
land.
7. The business of Mrs. Jane Puckering and Mr. Joseph
Welch, about his forcing of her to a pretended marriage, and
carrying her beyond sea to Dunkirk, was heard by the com-
294 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
missioners appointed for hearing and determining thereof, by
a special act of parliament made for that purpose.
Letters that a party of the parliament's garrison at Linlith-
gow fell upon a party of the Scots, and took thirty prisoners,
and slew a lieutenant and three or four of the enemy.
Several Scots officers were imprisoned at St. Johnston for
receiving money and not raising their men according to their
commissions :
That the sea brake in near Yarmouth, and drowned many
cattle and a great part of the country.
10. Letters that general Cromwell was sick in Scotland :
Of great preparations in the Isle of Man to assist the
king:
Of Dutch ships arrived at Dundee with ammunition for
the king :
That the lords ambassadors, St John and Strickland, took
shipping on the Lord's-day for the Low Countries.
11. An act passed for continuing the customs and book of
rates for a year.
Vote that no fullers earth or clay, nor ore of lead or tin, be
transported beyond sea.
Order touching sequestrations.
Revolters. Order, that all English and Scots who have been under
the pay of the parliament in Ireland, and have revolted and
betrayed their trust, and have assisted the king, are traitors
and rebels, and their estates to be confiscated, and their per-
sons to be proceeded against as traitors.
12. Letters that colonel Hewson had taken in several petty
garrisons near Athlone :
That major Arnup, with a lieutenant and twenty men, were
set upon in Wicklow by a party too strong for him : the lieute-
nant and nine or ten of the men were slain, the rest escaped.
IS.The public fast-day observed in London and Westminster.
14. Letters of the judges of assize brought into Chard by
the sheriff and soldiers of the militia with volleys of shot,
many of the justices and gentlemen of the country absenting
themselves.
15. Letters that after the taking of Temptallon-castle, the
garrisons at Calander-house and Blackness were quitted by
the Scots :
IN THE YEAR MDCL. 295
Of the want of frigates upon the western seas, to keep in
the Jersey and Scilly pirates.
17. Letters that the English fishermen were taken by the
Scots at sea, and their ships and goods carried away, and
their persons prisoners ;
And that divers Scotch men of war are set out to the great
damage of trade.
Of the Jersey and Scilly pirates taking several merchants'*
ships, and none of the parliament's frigates to help them :
That upon colonel Hewson's march into Westmeath, the
enemy got together three thousand in the King's County,
and five thousand in Finagh, quartered within ten miles of
Hewson, and had their fastnesses, yet durst never appear to
fight with him, but fled from him.
18. An act passed for continuing a former act for remov-
ing all papists, and all officers and soldiers of fortune, and
divers delinquents, from London and Westminster, and con-
fining them within five miles of their dwellings, and to en-
courage such as shall discover papists and Jesuits, and their
receivers and abettors.
Order that the lords commissioners of the great seal do
grant a writ of ad quod damnum touching a fair to be kept in
North Auckland in Durham.
Order that the record of the court of wards be transferred
into the exchequer, to be under the care of Humphrey Sal-
way, esquire.
Order for Mr. John Owen to be dean of Christ-Church in
Oxford.
Debate touching managing of the treasury of the com-
monwealth for the best advantage thereof, and of providing
money for the forces.
Report of the discovery of a dangerous plot in the northern
counties, in compliance with the Scots and malignants, for
raising a new war, especially in and about Lancashire.
Voted that major-general Harrison do forthwith advance
with a considerable body of horse and foot for the security
of the north.
One Cooke apprehended for conspiring to destroy the par- Cooke.
liament, and being brought into the room next the council
escaped from thence.
296 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Resolved, that whosoever shall discover Cooke, and return
him to custody, should have 500^.
19. Letters of the piracies committed by those of Jersey
and Scilly.
20. An act passed for the apprehension of Thomas Cooke,
esquire, who was lately apprehended by warrant from the
council of state, and made an escape from them.
The sheriffs of London and Middlesex to proclaim the act.
21. Letters that one of the frigates belonging to the Bar-
badoes fleet brought into Plymouth an Irish prize of the
value of locoed.
An account of recruits ready for Ireland.
22. Letters that the Scots came with six hundred horse to
beat up the English quarters about Linlithgow, but were
beaten back, and some prisoners taken :
That the books and goods belonging to the king and re-
gister were taken by the parliament's ships, and another ship
laden with oats, meal, and provisions, going for Fife, and
twenty-two prisoners taken :
Dangerous That one Boston, of captain Lloyd's company, was cashiered
opinions. £or holing some dangerous opinions ; as, that God was
reason, &c. :
That the lord president of Connaught did bring out of the
enemy's quarters six hundred cows without any loss :
That a bark of clothes for the soldiers was by the master
betrayed to the Scots :
That the governor of Liverpool secured several gentlemen
thereabouts, suspected to be in the new plot.
April 1651.
Scotland. Letters that the gentlemen who were sent prisoners to
40,1 Edinburgh about a fortnight since, for raising men and send-
ing arms to the enemy, refused to subscribe to live quietly,
being afraid of the kirk's excommunication :
That an eminent lord persuaded the king to be content to
be king of Scotland only ; but that advice was hushed :
That the Scots had a rendezvous of four thousand horse
and four thousand dragoons, and the king in the head of
them ; and that their design is supposed to be to pass by the
English army into England.
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 297
That lieutenant-colonel Crooke's man was sentenced to be
hanged for killing of a Scotchman not in arms :
That Middleton was coming up to Stirling with eight thou-
sand men.
Letters that the English ambassadors at the Hague de- English
livered in a paper to the States' commissioners concerning ^8?"'
the affronts offered to them by prince Edward, the palgrave's Holland,
brother :
That the States sent to the prince to appear before them ;
but he disputed their authority to send for him, being a
stranger prince: yet upon a second summons he engaged
upon his honour to come to them, but did not, and went
away to his brother :
That one Apseley, a desperate cavalier at the Hague, came Apseiey.
to the lord St. John's house, and earnestly desired to speak
with him about matters highly concerning his safety ; and
being admitted into his chamber, where divers of his gentle-
men were present,
Apseley desired that they might withdraw, that, to avoid
discovery of what he said, they two might be private ; where-
upon my lord ambassador bid them all withdraw; but Mr.
St. John's kinsman, suspecting Apseley, would not withdraw,
but stayed in the room to observe and watch Apseley :
That Apseley made a long discourse to the ambassador of
a plot to take away his life, but told him no particulars ; and
seeing Mr. St. John continue in the room, he abruptly took
his leave and went away :
That his design was to have strangled the ambassador, and
for that purpose had a rope ready wound about his wrist ; and
a way was contrived for his escape after he should have done
this fact, (at which he was very dexterous,) by getting out of
a window, where divers of his crew were ready to receive
him :
That, failing of his enterprise, when he went away, he spake
friendly to one of the ambassador's gentlemen to go a little
way with him ; which he did ; and when Apseley had him
alone, he threw the rope over his head ; but the gentleman
struggling, his periwig came off and the rope with it ; and so
the gentleman escaped :
That the States were acquainted herewith, and ordered
Apseley to be apprehended, but he fled away ; and one of the
298 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
lords came to the ambassadors to acquaint them what the
States had done touching him and prince Edward, and that
they were both fled ; and that the States would be ready to
prevent any such affronts to their lordships :
That the States' commissioners came to the English am-
bassadors to treat with them touching their proposals, and
desired the amity and league between the two nations to be
continued and renewed ; but as to the words in the pro-
posals, (a more intimate and strict alliance,) they have not
yet answered.
They offered the English ambassadors to have the States'
arms set over their doors for their protection, but the am-
bassadors refused it.
15. An act passed for continuing the assessment of i2o,ooo/.
per mensem for six months.
An act committed for making void divers honours granted
by the late king.
Dr. Gordon and captain Lymbrey added to the council of
trade, and all of that council to take the engagement.
Ireland. Letters that the army in Ireland had not taken the field
for want of grass for their horses :
That the lieutenant-deputy appointed a fast for three weeks
on every Thursday :
That the lieutenant-deputy gave leave to the Spanish agent
to raise two thousand among the rebels, and transport them
for his master's service, some persons being excepted :
That many recruits were come over :
That more corn was sown than formerly, by reason that
liberty was given to any of the English to sow and reap in
the lands of the Irish who would not sow them.
16. The lord Beauchamp, lord Bellasis, and the lord Chan-
dois, were committed by the council of state upon suspicion
of designing new troubles.
17. Letters of the Jersey pirates taking two barks laden
with corn and timber in sight of Portland :
That lieutenant-colonel Clarke, with nine companies of foot,
set sail from Plymouth for Scilly islands :
Of recruits shipped for Ireland :
van That Van Trump came to Pendennis, and related that he
Trump. faft been at Scilly to demand reparation for the Dutch ships
and goods taken by them ; and receiving no satisfactory an-
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 299
swer, he had, according to his commission, declared war against
them:
That they had four hundred recruits from Ireland, and had
a colonel, a captain, and about fourteen of the parliament's
soldiers prisoners with them, whom they kept in a cellar, and,
as he understood, they intended to starve them :
That there are twenty-five men of war belonging to Jersey,
Scilly, the Isle of Man, and Galloway.
18. Letters that the Scots had chosen a committee of sixty
to manage the affairs of the war with the consent of the kirk :
Of recruits come to the English army, and of four or five
prizes taken by the parliament's ships and brought into Leith,
and one worth io,ooo£. with commanders in her, and one
small vessel taken by the enemy.
19. Letters that the Scots parliament house raised the
value of coins; as, a i2d. to i$d. &c. :
That their army was come up to two hundred thousand :
That money was come from the parliament of England to
their army, and flat-bottomed boats.
[21.] Letters that a party of horse of the enemy entered
Lithgow, but were beaten back ; the governor was dangerously
wounded, and two of his soldiers killed :
That the general had ordered a rendezvous of all his horse
at Musselburgh :
That the English ambassadors at the Hague were freer
from affronts than formerly, since a placard published by the
States against them, and punishing two or three offenders :
That a servant to colonel Butler of the king's party was
apprehended for being one in the late tumult at the ambas-
sador's house, and confessed his master set him on. The
States ordered six of their guards to watch every night at the
ambassador's gate :
That the earl of Oxford and colonel Sidney were gone into 49 2
Flanders to fight a duel, with seconds.
An act passed for pressing ten thousand men, as there
should be occasion, within one year.
An act passed for continuing the committee of the army
and treasurers at war.
Another for continuing the jurisdiction of the court of
admiralty.
Letters from the lord-deputy of the duke of Lorrain's un-
300 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
dertakings with the earl of Clanrickard, for assistance of the
rebels in Ireland :
That Van Trump lay before Scilly, and declared that he
would assist the English against it :
Of more prizes taken by the Jersey pirates, and of captain
Bennetts fighting with two of them four hours, and came off
with the ships to whom he was convoy :
Of a prize brought in by captain Pen :
That lieutenant-general Fleetwood, by command of the
council of state, published a proclamation for all officers and
soldiers by a day to repair to their several charges.
23. Letters of ships going out from Plymouth towards
Jersey :
Of recruits going for Ireland.
24. Letters of the fleet's arrival at Scilly, and of the guns
heard from thence :
Pirates. That the governor of Weymouth set out a boat full of sol-
diers to convoy some vessels, which a Jersey pirate espying,
came up to them, and the boat with soldiers suffered the
pirate to lay them on board, the soldiers lying unseen : but
when the pirates' men were on board, the soldiers appeared,
and gave them such a welcome, that they hasted away and
hardly escaped, leaving the captain and twelve of his men
dead.
25. Letters of the general and his army marching out
towards Fife :
That captain Howard was made captain of the lifeguard,
and captain Beak lieutenant :
That the general contributed 50^. and the officers of the
army contributed freely to the relief of the necessities of the
godly people in Scotland.
26. Letters that the general quartered at Hamilton, and
the army about him.
That his march alarmed the enemy that way, and the par-
liament's ships alarmed and kept them in action at Bruntis-
land and that way, where they made show to attempt the
island, to amuse them.
Kirk. 28. Letters of the army's march to Glascow, where the
Scotch ministers railed in their sermons against the English
army of sectaries unjustly invading their country and throw-
ing down all power both in kirk and state.
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 301
That the general sent for those ministers, and moderately
debated those matters with them, and showed them wherein
they were mistaken, and thus sought to win them by fair
means rather than to punish them :
That the parliament's commissioners in Ireland set forth Ireland,
an order,
That the lands of some of the chief rebels should not be
under the protection of the parliament's forces, as the King's
County, &c.
And that all persons, friends to the parliament, should by
a day remove themselves, goods, and families from those
places, and the commissioners are to assign them lands in
other places.
29. Orders touching maimed soldiers for their relief.
Letters that two thousand of the parliament's soldiers and
seamen were landed in the little isles on the west of Scilly,
and that the ordnance were heard thundering there many
hours together.
30. Letters that the English ambassadors at the Hague English
received from the council of state the votes of parliament for^assa"
their return home ; which was sudden and unexpected, both to
the ambassadors and to the States.
The truth was, that the lord ambassador St. John was irri- Coalition.
tated against the States by the affronts offered to them at
the Hague, and not punished ; and he had little hopes of
despatching the treaty with them, according to his mind,
especially as to his proposal of coalition.
He therefore sent his judgment to his private friends in
parliament, who swayed the house ; and, as unexpectedly there
as elsewhere, the house passed their vote for recalling their
ambassadors from Holland.
Upon this news the States sent presently to the ambas-
sadors to know the certainty thereof, and expressed much
trouble and sorrow that the ambassadors would return before
the treaty were brought to a conclusion, and earnestly, at
several times, by one of their own number, sent to them, and
pressed the ambassadors to stay.
They answered, that they must obey the order of parlia-
ment : but at length they sent Mr. Thirloe, the lord St. John's
secretary, back with the messenger to England, to know the
302 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
further pleasure of the parliament concerning their stay or
return :
That in the mean time the States proceeded in the business
of the treaty with England, and laid aside all other affairs,
and professed great desire of a near amity with England, and
said that time must perfect all things :
That six of the ambassadors' gentlemen, going up into Ger-
many to see those parts, were taken prisoners by some Lor-
rain troopers, and pillaged, and were to pay 1 2ool. for their
ransom.
May 1651.
1. Letters that major-general Harrison and colonel Rich
were come with their forces into Lancashire, and an account
of recruits going willingly for Ireland.
2. That the general was at Glascow ; that the enemy's
levies went on slowly ; and the factions of Hamilton and Ar-
gyle were very high.
Letters that the parliament's fleet at Scilly had taken
Grinsby after three times being beaten off, and that they
had taken two Irish frigates, one of thirty, and the other of
twenty-four guns.
3. Letters of a boat loaden with oats taken by the Scots ;
that the parliament's soldiers at Scilly had taken all the
islands, except St. Mary's, and had taken three of their
frigates, killed fourteen of their men, and taken a hundred
and twenty prisoners ; that of the parliament's forces eight
were killed, and about twenty of them wounded ; that they
intended to send a summons to St. Mary's island, and if they
refused, then to attempt it.
5. Letters of a strange apparition at Madley in Stafford-
shire, seen by a woman and her maid ; the sun as blood, and
dark bodies, like men, about it ; that they seemed to fall down
into the court, and there to fight, and the moat about the
house seemed to be all of blood, and cannons and holsters in
the court :
That three great birds, with wings like angels, came flying
to the woman and the maid, and frighted them.
6. Referred to the council of state to consider of the busi-
ness of securing Mr. Case, and other London ministers, who
preached against the parliament's proceedings.
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 303
Letters of prizes brought into Hull, and of convoys for
merchants' ships :
That the chief ringleaders of those in Holland who as-
saulted the English ambassador's house were sentenced to be
whipped :
That the colonel of the Lorrain troopers who pillaged
Mr. Steward and the rest of the ambassador's gentlemen in
Germany showed them a commission from the king to him
to take any of the ambassador's men :
That there was an agreement between the duke of Lorrain
and the Irish rebels for him to come over to them with forces
and arms to assist them.
That the rebels have accepted him as their protector :
That the plague was still at Cork and at Waterford.
7. Letters confirming the taking of all the isles of Scilly,
except St. Mary's, and of taking three ships prizes, one of
them richly laden, and many prisoners.
8. Letters that the parliaments forces in Ulster of three
thousand foot and fifteen hundred horse were upon their
march towards Connaught :
That general Blake and sir George Ascue, with the fleet Sciliy
at Sciliy, intended to fall upon St. Mary's island; that theIslan(L
governor thereof, sir John Green vile, sent to them for a treaty,
which was agreed, but took no effect, and thereupon the
great guns played upon St. Mary's.
9. Letters that some Scots at Leith fired two stacks of hay Scots,
at Leith :
That they hanged a Scotchman for drowning an English-
man in a coal-pit :
That it is supposed the Scots intend to get by the English
army, and to make the seat of the war in England ; and that
they are twenty thousand strong, and that the English army
is very desirous to engage with them.
10. Letters that the general and the army were returned
to Edinburgh, and had received a week's provisions :
That the enemy have a rendezvous every month, and their
horse are quartered to keep their foot from running away :
that if it were not for the provisions that come out of Eng-
land the army could not subsist either men or horse.
12. That a Scotchman who was subject to England by his
304 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
relation to Ireland, being sent by the general on a message
to the Scots, was by them executed as a spy.
Upon examination by a court-martial, it appearing that
the lady Kelsith kept a correspondence with the enemy, and
endeavoured to inveigle some of the parliament's soldiers to
be for the king, the general and his council ordered her house
and goods to be burnt :
Scotland. That Middleton refuseth to take orders from any but the
king, and would be an independent army, and his interest is
to be kept against Lesley's ; that they would fain be upon
their march for England, but their friends there have sent
them word they cannot be ready till next month :
That a Scotchman took a Flemish ship prize, and a parlia-
ment frigate met them and took them both prizes.
Sciily Letters from sir George Ascue of the action at Scilly, that
Island. captain Morris behaved himself most gallantly in the storm-
ing of the island :
That the Scilly islands are the key that open a passage to
several nations.
Sir George Ascue desires to know the pleasure of the
council, that he may proceed upon his voyage to Barba-
does.
Petition. 13. A petition to the parliament from the justices of peace,
grand jurors, and other well-affected persons in Cheshire,
Showing their good affection to the parliament, their being
overburdened in taxes, wherein they pray relief, anjd were
answered with good words, and the thanks of the house for
their good affections.
An act committed, prohibiting the transporting of lead ore,
fullers earth, and tobacco-pipe clay.
An act read and committed for transporting sixty persons
convicted for petty felonies into Ireland and the English
plantations in America:
That the English ambassadors in Holland received letters
to stay for some longer time there :
That the cavaliers report the king's army in Scotland to
be sixty thousand men.
14. Letters of divers of the parliament's officers and sol-
diers killed by the breaking of a piece of ordnance.
15. Letters of recruits and money arrived at Dublin, and
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 305
an account how the forces there are disposed, and of visiting
the western garrisons.
16. Letters that after the parliament's fleet had taken the
two islands of Trisco and Briers, they had a treaty with sir
John Green vile by commissioners, which took no effect.
17. Letters that the Scots ordered a new levy of every Massey.
twelfth man for a reserve, and have ordered all the English
to serve under Massey, who courts them, and mounted three
or four foot soldiers that ran away from Cromwell to him.
19. Letters of the army's posture in Scotland, but little
stirring.
20. Letters of colonel Reynolds and sir Charles Coote
being upon their march to attend the enemy's motions in
Connaught.
21. Letters of sir George Ascue^s departure from Scilly
islands towards Barbadoes.
22. The parliament debated several acts touching the as-
sessment, putting the public treasury into a way most for the
public advantage, and other acts.
23. Letters of the Scots gathering their forces together to Scotland.
a rendezvous, and intelligence of their design to slip by the
English army into England, and so to draw the seat of the
war out of their own country into England, where they ex-
pected many to befriend them.
24. Letters of the forces in Ireland upon their march for
Connaught, and of recruits come thither.
26. Letters that the Scots drew up together eight regi-
ments of foot at Stirling ; their horse were in other places,
and Middleton with his party stood still at a distance ; that
they brought straw thirty miles for their use :
That one of their colonels said he hoped to see the word
in their colours to be Covenant for tobacco, strong waters, and
whores :
That colonel Lidcot fell upon a garrison of the enemy's
with his horse, and brought away many prisoners :
That major Sydenham was dead of his wounds :
That a party of colonel Montgomery's fell upon some of
the English dragoons, and surprised about forty or fifty of
them as they were in the country gathering the assess-
ment:
That it was conjectured the Scots would decline any en- 494
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. X
306 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
gagement with the English, but weary them out, and take the
first opportunity to get by them into England :
That there was some damp upon the English army by the
sickness of the general.
From Waterford, that the army fell upon the rebels be-
yond the Shannon, did some execution upon them, and
brought away some booty :
That they rejoiced to hear that the parliament had sent a
fleet towards Dunkirk, to keep in the duke of Lorrain's fleet
if they should attempt any thing upon Ireland :
That prince Ilupert was gone to sea with five ships and
two fireships :
That two French ships laden with silk were taken by the
English.
Cromwell. 27. The parliament sent a message to the general to desire
him to retire for his health to some convenient place in Eng-
land for the fresh air, and to intrust the army in the mean-
time in such hands as he should think fit.
The parliament discharged all recognizances, fines, and
amercements, and process upon them, until 30 Jan. 1648 :
That the general being sick of an ague, the officers of the
army provided to march without him ; that several ships were
arrived at Leith with provisions for men and horse :
Prince That prince Edward was summoned to appear at the Hague
Edward. f-0 answer his misdemeanour against the English ambassadors :
English That the six gentlemen of the English ambassador's, who
were taken prisoners by colonel Hatter the Lorrainer, were
carried by him to the Spa, to drink the waters there with
him ; and there a gentleman, who had received civilities in
England, looking earnestly upon them, imagined that they
were gentlemen in some distress, and inquiring of them, was
told all the story of their being surprised by colonel Hatter ;
upon which the gentleman raised the town and rescued the
English gentlemen from the colonel, and brought them from
thence in liberty to Limburgh :
That there the English gentlemen bragging of their good
fortune, and that now they should save 1 2ool. which they had
promised to pay to colonel Hatter for their ransom ;
This coming to the ear of the governor of Limburgh, he
kept the English gentlemen in restraint, and told them, that
seeing they had engaged to pay i2oo/. to colonel Hatter for
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 307
their ransom, and that now they were fallen into his power
in Limburgh, that they should pay the same sum to him
which they should have paid to colonel Hatter :
That the States sent to the princess royal, to the duke of
York, and to the queen of Bohemia, to desire them that none
of their trains might be suffered to offer any affront to any
of the English ambassador's company, whom the States had
taken into their protection, and would not regard any great
person that should affront them ; that they all promised to
conform to the States' desire :
That they caused a new court of guard to be built at the
English ambassador's door :
That they visited the Spanish ambassador, who had been
very courteous to them, and by their desire had written to the
governor of Limburgh (who was under the Spanish jurisdic-
tion) to set free the ambassadors gentlemen in his power
without any ransom :
That the Dutch inquired much after the affairs in Scot-
land, and seemed inclinable to a good correspondence with
England.
29. An account of recruits for Ireland :
That the Scots foot were very poor in clothes, and both
men and horse in great want of provisions.
30. Letters that the earl of Derby was victualling and fur-
nishing his castles in the Isle of Man.
Letters that the enemy took some cows from the garrison
of Charlemont, which the lord Caufield having taken notice
of, lay in the way, and met them in their return, killed about
thirty of them, and took a hundred and twenty arms, and
brought away the cows :
That another party of the enemy came into the English
quarters, who routed them and took divers of them :
That the foot at Scilly entered at St. Mary's Island, and
that those in the castle were in great want of water.
31. Letters that the country between Edinburgh and Dun-
bar was full of excellent corn :
That there were many ships come into Leith with pro-
visions.
A soldier shot to death for killing his fellow-soldier in a
duel.
x2
308
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
June 1651.
2. The parliament ordered two physicians, Dr. Wright and
Dr. Bates, to go into Scotland to attend the general, and to
take care of his health, they being his usual physicians in
London, and well esteemed by him : they were by this time
come to Edinburgh.
3. Letters of several encounters with the rebels in Ireland,
who in all conflicts were worsted by the parliament's forces.
4. That the Scots lay still in their quarters, only sometimes
by parties they fell into the quarters of the parliament's forces
near them, but were as often repulsed as they made any at-
tempt.
5. Debates in parliament, and several orders for money and
recruits for the armies in Scotland and Ireland.
6. An account of recruits marching and of some shipped
for Ireland, and others sent by land for Scotland.
7. Account of prizes taken by the parliament's ships.
9. Letters of the general's good recovery of health again,
and that the doctors were returned from him :
Scots. Of a ship laden with oats taken from the Scots :
That the malignants with the king did some of them cause
the soldiers to plunder some of the presbyterians by whom
they had formerly suffered :
That major-general Massey had found out new inventions
of fireworks and engines of war :
That major-general Harrison was advanced with his bri-
gade to the furthest part of Cumberland :
That the enemy took all the horses and twenty men of
captain Wright's troop, the horses being at grass :
That some of the duke of Lorrain*s forces were come down
about Dunkirk, but retired upon the coming of general
Popham thither :
That the parliament's ships chased and forced three Dun-
kirkers to run on shore.
Cromwell. Letters from the general acknowledging the favour of the
parliament in sending the doctors to him, and giving him
leave to come into England for his health ; that he hath been
unexpectedly restored to health by the goodness of God.
495 10. Letters that the assembly of the States was adjourned
Holland, for a week, and that they thought the propositions made by
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 309
the English ambassadors to be too much for them to consent
unto ; that Holland is more inclinable to an agreement with
the ambassadors than the other provinces are :
That fair words are given and now and then a visit to the
ambassadors by some of the deputies who are not gone home :
That the rest are jealous of Amsterdam, as if they designed
to make themselves like Venice, to domineer over all the other
towns.
11. Letters that upon intelligence of a great party of the Scotland.
enemy drawn out, upon design to fall upon the English gar-
rison at Hamilton, the general sent colonel Whaley, with
eight regiments of horse, to bring off the garrison, which he
did, and slighted the house :
That major-general Massey was making of leather ordnance
and fireworks for the Scots soldiers to carry on the top of
their pikes, to slaughter his own countrymen :
That the Socts parliament have nulled the act of classis,
whereby all Hamilton's and Montrose's party may be of all
parliaments and judicatories ; and Argyle's party lies low :
That the lord Warreston, sir James Steuart, and sir John
Chiesly continued with the general at Edinburgh.
12. Letters of pressing men for Ireland :
That sir George Ascue was not gone for Barbadoes, but Sir George
was come into Plymouth with sir John Greenvile, and other s ue*
prisoners taken at the isle of St. Mary's, and other of the
Scilly islands, they being all surrendered to the parliament
upon articles.
13. Letters of a notorious Jersey pirate taken by the par-
liament's ships:
That both the armies in Scotland lay still in their quarters,
in the midst of winter, attending one another's motions ;
that the general was abroad again :
That a merchant's man was shot to death for killing a
soldier.
14. Letters confirming the rendition of St. Mary's island
to the parliament :
That there were in the island eight hundred soldiers ; some Scilly
of them were shipped for Ireland, others for Scotland, others lsland-
for France, and some for England with sir John Greenvile :
That there were in it likewise commissioned officers enough
to head an army; that colonel Axtel, colonel Sadler, and
310 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
colonel Le Hunt, prisoners there, were released ; that these
islands will now be a shelter to the merchants, which before
were their ruin, and is a check to the trade of many nations.
16. Letters that five or six thousand Scots used to beat up
the quarters of one troop of the parliament's horse, but that
they are now quiet :
That the English do but stay their march till they can
have horsemeat in the fields :
That the provinces of Holland, Zealand, and Utrecht are
more agreeing than the other provinces to the articles pro-
posed by the English ambassadors :
Ireland. That the lord deputy passed the river Shannon and fought
with Castlehaven, who was appointed to hinder his passage
over that river, whilst Clanrickard's army prepared to stop
sir Charles Coot's passage out of the north, and to fight with
him ; but sir Charles Coot, understanding this, marched thirty
miles in a day and a night, slipped beyond them another
way, and joined with the lord deputy, who wholly routed the
lord Castlehaven's army : that some of the parliament's forces
are sat down before Galloway.
17. Letters from colonel Hewson of the defeat given by
the lord deputy to Castlehaven's forces, and that the lord
Dillon was reported to be slain.
An account from the parliament's commissioners in Ire-
land of the recruits and provisions arrived there, and how
their several forces are disposed, and where they are upon
service in that kingdom.
Scotland. 18. Letters that the Scots army was enclosed in Stirling
park, which was their own works, and not to be attempted
but upon great disadvantage ; that old Levin continues gene-
ral under the king, and they have several major-generals :
That their forces are about twenty-eight thousand, and
they have hanged three or four for refusing to bear arms,
and they expect many in England to join with them ; that
their soldiers have no pay, but two pound of meal a day;
that there was a proclamation at St. Johnston that the word
malignant should be forborne, for that all interests were
agreed.
19. Letters that sir Charles Coot and colonel Reynolds
had given a great overthrow lately to the enemy in the north
of Ireland, and had killed and taken three thousand of them :
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 311
That at Exon there was a great quarrel between the sea-
men and soldiers, and many broken pates, but the officers
made them friends again.
An account of pressed men recruits for Ireland, and one
thousand pioneers' tools safely arrived.
20. Letters that the lord deputy was marched to the very
gates of Limerick. Here my son James Whitelocke com-
manded a forlorn, with whom he marched up to the enemy ;
and the charge was so hot, and he so far engaged, that his
horse was killed under him, his hat shot through, and his
thigh bruised with the but-end of a musket ; but he beat in
the enemy, and killed many of them :
That colonel Ingoldsby finding about two hundred horse
grazing near the city, followed them to the gates, where
those that escaped the sword the Shannon devoured ; in all
they lost about a hundred men and a hundred and fifty arms,
and a thousand cows, oxen, and sheep :
That Portumney was surrendered to sir Charles Coot, who
also took in several other forts and castles :
That three merchant men of London met with a French
man of war, who fought with them some time, but, finding
himself too weak, gave over; but meeting with another
Frenchman, they both set upon the merchant men, but could
not prevail ; and after many killed on both sides they parted.
21. Letters of alarms given by the Scots army, but nothing
done by them ; and that the English army were quickly in a
readiness to bid them welcome.
Mr. Love, the minister, was brought to his trial before the Mr. Love.
high court of justice in Westminster, and many witnesses
heard to prove the accusation of high treason against him.
23. Letters that the king was very active, and rode into Scots.
Fife, to gather together the horse and new levies ; that they
appointed a general fast, but the kirk in the west were not
pleased with their doings, but refused to publish it, and that
all their speech was for England :
That Massey is in great esteem with them ; that their
new committee of states is of malignant s, and a committee
is selected out of them to go along with the army to consult 496
about their affairs :
That they were much disappointed by discovery of the
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
design of rising in Lancashire, and that they heard nothing
yet of any rising in Wales under the earl of Derby :
That some of the Scots ministers were sent from the classis
of the west of Scotland to the classical presbytery of Stirling,
with some proposals which were rejected, and Mr. Gilespy
and the rest that brought them were threatened to be pun-
ished :
That a committee was appointed to examine and punish,
by confiscation and otherwise, all such as had a hand in the
remonstrance of Ker and Strachan :
That London and all England is promised to be divided
among the Scots officers and soldiers if they can conquer it :
That a party of Scots appearing near to Carlisle, major-
general Harrison sent two thousand horse and dragoons to-
wards them to fight them, but they retreated in haste back
to Stirling :
That a hundred wagons and carts, with arms, ammuni-
tion, and provisions, were come to Newcastle.
24. Letters of a rising in Cardiganshire of four hundred
horse and foot, got together in a body, and intending to march
northwards :
That some troops of the parliament quartering thereabouts
came up to them, and they fought the troopers, but after a
short dispute were routed, and about forty of them killed
and sixty taken prisoners, among whom were some of the
chief conspirators.
An account of four thousand seven hundred pressed sol-
diers, and four thousand three hundred volunteers, gone for
recruits into Ireland.
Engiisham- Letters of a ship of the parliament's arrived at Helvoet-
bassadors. siujce^ One of those sent to bring back the English ambassa-
dors ; which was unexpected and unwelcome news to the
Holland. States ; but the courts of the queen of Bohemia and of the
princess royal rejoiced at their departure :
That the same slight the States sent to the ambassadors,
(which they had not done in a month before,) to know if
they might not come to the ambassadors the next morning
to confer with them about the treaty ; to which the ambas-
sadors answered, that they might if they pleased :
That the next morning the commissioners from the States
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 313
were taking the coach to come to the ambassadors, but fell
out among themselves about the message they were to bring,
and so sent to excuse their not coming that day :
That some of the provinces disagreed as to the nearer
amity, but whether contrived for some excuse of their unsuf-
ferable delays, was not certain ; but that they would fain see
the issue of the affairs in Scotland before they come to a con-
clusion with the English ambassadors is agreed by all.
25. Mr. Love, the minister, was again before the high court Mr. Love,
of justice, and confessed that the conspirators met at his
house for furthering the Scots designs, and that letters were
received and answers sent from thence, &c., but that he did
not personally act any thing.
26. Letters that six merchant ships of London laden with Scots.
provisions, with a man of war for their convoy, were come
into Leith, but a ketch laden with wheat was by the way
snapped by the Scots :
That the duke of Bucks was much taken notice of for his
lasciviousness, and that they called bastards Buckingham's
birds :
That the general and his officers kept a fast, and the gene-
ral himself expounded a place in scripture to them :
That the ships with money from the parliament were in
sight.
The ambassadors St. John and Strickland returned from
the Hague to London.
27. Letters that a party of the army fell upon and ruined
three hundred of the rebels in the King's County.
28. Letters of a ship arrived at Leith with 8o,ooo7. for the
army, and thirty sail of ships with provisions :
That the Scots kept a fast, and hanged a corporal of theirs
for having a list of their army in his pocket, because, they
said, it was to give intelligence of it to the English :
That a ketch of the parliament's went to seize some boats
of the Scots laden with meal, but a Scots frigate coming in
to rescue them, fell upon the ketch, who sailed purposely
over a shallow place, and the Scots frigate pursuing her stuck
upon the sand; in the mean while the English ketch fell
>upon the Scots boats and sunk them all.
30. Letters that the English army had six weeks' pay, and
314 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
were ordered to be ready for a march; and that the Scots
army were upon their march, and had their train ready:
That there was a mutiny among the Scots for want of pro-
visions :
That the general lost forty dragoon horses, taken by the
enemy.
Letters that those risen in Cardiganshire expected great
assistance from other counties, and were assured that the
king was within forty miles of them with a great army, and
that all England was up in arms for him ; that if they had
not been suppressed in that time, they would have been very
troublesome.
An account of the care taken for convoying of merchant
ships, and of two French ships taken prizes.
July 1651.
1. Letters of the rendition of Athlone, and all the garri-
sons betwixt that and Limerick to the parliament :
That Reynolds desires to be hastened for Scotland :
Lord Brog- That the lord Broghill' s quarters being attempted to be
beaten up by the lord of Muskerry?s regiment of horse, the lord
Broghill followed them with a hundred horse only, and after
Ireland. six miles' march overtook them, drawn up in four great divi-
sions on the other side of a pass, where but three could go
abreast above fifty yards :
That there the lord Broghill charged them, and after a
handsome dispute gave them an entire rout ; most of their
men were killed and wounded, among which were sixteen
officers, the best men they had :
That they got store of horses and arms, and the lord Brog-
hill lost not one man, and had only eight wounded, and none
of them mortally :
That one of the prisoners taken was cornet Bronal, who
had formerly served under the lord Broghill in Ireland, and
therefore he caused him to be shot to death for a runaway :
That this was the first time of a fight of horse to horse in
these Irish wars :
That hearing of another party of the enemy near, the lord
497 Broghill marched up to them with two troops of horse and
one of dragoons, and fell upon a party of three regiments of
their horse, who having the advantage of a bridge fought
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 315
very well, and put sixty of the lord BroghilFs horse to a
stand, and indeed to some disorder.
But at length they routed the enemy, and had the execu-
tion of them for five miles, so as it is thought not ten of
them got off, and not above three unwounded :
That the lord Broghill took but twenty-nine prisoners,
most of them officers or gentlemen's sons, and he had but
one man killed, and six of his own troop wounded, and his
cornet, who did gallantly, was mortally shot :
That as he was in this execution, a body of the rebels'
foot and a troop of horse appeared; whereupon the lord
Broghill rallied a party together, and went to fight them, but
some of their scouts being killed, they all fled faster than
his weary horse could follow them to the fastness of a great
wood:
That Mr. Love was again before the high court of justice,
where Mr. Hales, his own council, was heard to plead for him.
2. An account of recruits landed in Ireland ; and of five
prizes taken by pirates from the Isle of Man, where they
harboured.
Letters that a parish in Jersey refused to obey the go-
vernor Carteret, who committed the chiefest of them.
3. Letters of the disorder of three troopers, taking the
swords of some travellers from them upon the highway, for
which the troopers were punished.
An account of recruits who went cheerfully for Ireland.
4. Letters that the earl of Castlehaven's lifeguard (as Ireland,
many of them were protestants) sent before for leave, and
came in to the lord deputy ; and many of the inhabitants of
the country by leave went home to their habitations :
That the lord deputy made a bridge over the Shanon, and
built a strong fort, which commanded the river, both above
and below :
That the enemy assaulting colonel Hassell's garrison was
beaten off, and that captain Gibbons routed another party of
them:
That colonel Zankey, with fifteen hundred horse and foot,
was sent against a party of the enemy ; and that the lieute-
nant-general, with a considerable party, went within two miles
of Galloway, and there took so great a prey, that they were
forced to leave many of them behind for want of drivers :
316 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That the lord deputy took the castle at the Weare, having
made one shot at it, which killed three men, and the rest ran
away, but were taken; and some, after quarter promised,
were killed ; for which justice will be done :
That the lord deputy sent a summons to the governor of
Limerick to render it to the use of the parliament before
the battery of the town : that they suspended their answer
for one day, and then sent for a treaty for surrender, and for
a cessation in the mean time :
That the lord deputy consented to a treaty, but denied a
cessation ; that they are much divided in the town, and the
greater part was for a surrender :
That Clanrickard and Castlehaven were gone to sea, and
their army broken in pieces, and none can tell how :
That the lieutenant-general took in several castles, and
one by storm with his horse and dragoons only; and that
colonel Reynolds was with him in those actions; and that
colonel Zankey had relieved a garrison of the parliament's,
and took in several forts from the enemy.
Scotland. 5. Letters that the Scots army was drawn out on this side
Stirling, and thereupon the general drew out his army from
Edinburgh ; and they lay in the field, to be in a fit posture
to receive the enemy; but the Scots went back, and the
English encamped upon Pentland hills :
That the camp was in an excellent martial posture and
% figure, and the general was in his tent ; that many English
ladies were there to view the leaguer.
Mr. Love. Mr. Love was sentenced by the high court of justice, for
the treasons proved against him, to be beheaded.
7. Letters of both armies in Scotland drawing nearer one
to another :
That the moss-troopers took four horsemen and six pri-
soners :
Of a prize laden with salt brought into Leith :
That the governor of Leith sent a party into Edinburgh
to search for arms, where they found many in private houses,
and brought them away to Leith :
Cromwell. That the general had in his army fourteen regiments of
horse, twelve regiments of foot, and sixteen pieces of ord-
nance ; and that both armies were within eight or nine miles
of one another, and that some of their scouts have met :
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 317
That the English army saw the Scots leaguer :
That they were fifteen thousand foot and six thousand
horse :
That the Scots have great differences among themselves ;
that Hamilton carries all, and Argyle and his party are
down ; that some ministers have put out a new remonstrance
against the taking in of some notorious malignants.
Letters of alderman Jackson's house near Bristol burned
with his children in it.
8. The parliament passed a vote for putting down the
marshal's court in Southwark.
An act passed for keeping the assizes at Durham.
Officers named in the bill for sale of some delinquents'
lands.
An act passed for continuing the chancellor of the duchy
of Lancaster.
Letters that the ships with money and provisions were
safely arrived in Ireland.
The lord deputy set forth a proclamation for observing a Ireland,
day of thanksgiving for the safe and seasonable passage over
the Shanon.
9. Letters that major Scot was sent out with a party to
discover the Scots army, and gave them an alarum ; that they
drew up their horses into bodies.
10. Letters of a quarrel between some of the Oxfordshire
troops and some countrymen :
Of prizes brought in, one laded with five thousand bushels
of wheat.
11. Letters that God had struck such a terror into the
camp of the enemy, that of all their field army in Ireland,
so much boasted of, there was not one thousand men in a
body in any county to oppose the parliament's army :
That they would all go the king of Spain, if his resident
with them could furnish them with money; yet he hath
agreed for four thousand :
That sir Charles Coote is sat down before Galloway :
That the strong castle near Limerick was surrendered upon
quarter ; and that colonel Tottel, for killing some of the enemy
who had quarter given them, was cashiered by the general :
That Limerick is in treaty for surrender; that wheat 13498
worth 7/. a barrel :
318 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That Massey wrote a vapouring letter for exchange of a
prisoner, but the general would not agree to it :
Scots. That the general marched towards the Scots army lying
at Torwood, and there was pickeering between both parties ;
the English took twelve of the Scots, and killed divers ; they
killed none of the English but one man ; and all the Scots,
as they passed by him, either pistoled him, or cut him, or
pricked him with their rapiers in a barbarous manner :
That the king was in the field to encourage them; that
the first rank of their troops were armed complete : they
give out their army to be twenty-nine thousand, but it is
supposed they are twenty thousand ; that they had in-
trenched themselves, and planted great guns, so that they
could not be attempted with less danger than storming a
garrison :
That some of the English pickeering without order were
endangered by the enemy, but relieved by colonel Okey, who
beat the Scots from a hill they had for advantage; that both
armies drew to their quarters about a mile from each other :
That in the night the enemy drew some great guns to the
top of an hill, from whence they made about forty shot early
in the morning, and killed two or three of the English :
That general Cromwell planted two cannons, and played
upon them, and did some execution; and seeing the Scots
would not engage but upon their great advantage, the ge-
neral called a council of war in the field, and by their advice
drew off to the vale, to see if the Scots would follow them,
and forsake their hills ; which they did not, and so the Eng-
lish army returned back to their former quarters at Lin-
lithgow.
12. A list of the several regiments of the English army
with their colonels sent up, being fourteen regiments of
. horse, twelve regiments of foot, and six troops of dragoons.
Four days' provision more was delivered out to the army
for a new march and design.
Cromwell. 14. Letters that Cromwell marched up again to the Scots,
but their foot were intrenched, and their horse lay so that
the English could not engage them, there being a river and
bogs between them ; and though Cromwell came up to the
teeth of them, and viewed all their bodies, yet they would
not come forth :
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 319
That the English took eight Scots prisoners, and killed
divers in pickeering, and beat them up to their works, and
waited for them about eight hours, but they kept in ; and so
the English went to their quarters ; and the Scots followed
them with a small party, who were quickly beaten back :
That Athlone and Limerick were both surrendered to the
parliament :
That five English vessels were taken prize by boats from
Jersey, carrying four or five great guns apiece in them :
That the States were sending the lord Joachimi ambassa-
dor to England, to perfect what the English ambassadors had
there begun.
An indictment of felony at the assizes in Kent was found
against Joseph Welsh and others for assaulting Mrs. Jane
Puckering, and carrying her to Erith, and compelling her,
contrary to her will, to say words importing a marriage, &c.
15. Mr. Love petitioned the parliament, and divers other Mr. Love,
petitions were presented on his behalf, for pardon of his life ;
but after much debate upon the question it passed in the
negative.
On the day appointed for his execution, a petition was Petition,
presented by divers ministers in and about London to the
parliament, earnestly and in the bowels of Jesus Christ, who,
when we were sinners, died for us, if not totally to spare the
life of our dear brother, that yet you will say of him as So-
lomon of Abiathar, that at this time he should not be put to
death.
Upon this petition the parliament respited the execution
of Mr. Love for a month.
An act passed for the sale of the estate of several delin-
quents named in the act.
The fair kept yearly at St. James's put down till further St. James's
order of parliament, and not to be held in any year hereafter fair*
without further order.
16. Letters of the commissioners for the militia in Devon
taking an account of all the arms in the county, and secur-
ing them.
Report of the surrender of Limerick and Galloway.
Of a fast kept by the officers and soldiers at Shrewsbury.
18. Letters of two prizes taken by a Jersey frigate, which Jersey.
320 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
had eight guns, twenty-four oars, and eighty men ; and that
there were twelve of these frigates belonging to Jersey :
Ireland. That Galloway had sent to the lord deputy, to desire that
no forces might be sent thither, to avoid blood, and that
they would accept of the same terms that Limerick did to
surrender :
That the rebels' armies are all dispersed, and many of
them turned tories, and are very cruel :
Scotland. That the army in Scotland marched to Glascow, from
whence the Scots soldiers fled in great haste, and many of
the inhabitants with them, being told that the English would
put all to the sword, both men, women, and children ;
Which they believed, though they had so much experience
of the civility and kindness of the English to them, who had
been there several times before :
That Cromwell set out a proclamation, that no soldier
should straggle from the camp, nor use any violence to the
people not in arms, nor plunder, on pain of death ; nor none
to go above musket-shot from his colours :
That the English forces found many arms and much am-
munition at Glascow, and took some prisoners there :
That major-general Lambert sent out with three regi-
ments to discover the enemy ; took a house defended against
him, and several arms and prisoners :
That major-general Massey, with a party of six hundred
horse, marched within ten miles of Edinburgh, killed eight
of the parliament's soldiers, and took twelve prisoners ; and
that a party of forty horse of the English fought with sixty
of the Scots horse, killed one, and made the rest run :
That one hundred and twenty ships were arrived at Leith
with all sorts of provisions and with ammunition :
19. That the English again marched up to the Scots
army, but they would not stir out, but kept within their
bogs and advantages, places inaccessible :
Mr. Love. That Mr. Potter, and one Gibbons, formerly a servant to
Mr. Holies, were tried before the high court of justice for
being conspirators in Mr. Love's treason ; one of them con-
499 fessed that he received moneys, but he said they were to be
bestowed in charitable uses : the proofs were, that the money
was to be laid out for raising of forces against the parlia-
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 321
ment. The other submitted himself to the mercy of the
court.
21. Letters of the army's motion in Scotland towards the
enemy.
22. Of the surrender of Galloway to the use of the parlia-
ment, and the articles of surrender sent up to the parlia-
ment.
23. Orders about money, recruits, and provisions to be sent
to the armies in Scotland and Ireland.
Debate of several new acts of parliament, and the bills
committed.
24. Of the army in Scotland marching up to the enemy, Cromwell.
who would not come forth to engage with them, and there-
upon of the general's resolution to land a considerable party
in Fife, and to divide his army, to see if that would bring
them to engage.
25. Letters that no enemy appeared in Ireland in a body
in the field ; that Galloway had agreed to surrender upon the
same terms that should be agreed upon by the city of Li-
merick.
26. Letters of a great victory obtained by a party under Lambert,
major-general Lambert against the Scots on Fife side ; they
being a party of above five thousand ; that two thousand of
them were slain upon the place, and in the pursuit many
officers and private soldiers taken prisoners ; the particulars
not yet come to the parliament.
28. Letters from major-general Lambert of the late victory Victory in
. _ Scotland.
in Scotland :
My lord general having offered the enemy battle at Torwood, and
finding it was their intention to delay this war, took counsel to ad-
venture the landing of some forces on Fife side, and for that purpose
drew forth colonel Daniel's regiment of foot, and as many forth of
Leith as made them sixteen hundred with four troops of colonel
Lidcot's regiment, all commanded by colonel Overton.
And accordingly attempted landing at Queen's Ferry, where al-
most on three sides the sea encompasseth a rocky piece of ground,
which, with the loss of about six men, was effected on Thursday
morning the 1 7th instant: this done, they presently fell to intrenching
of themselves ; indeed the business was managed both with discretion
and courage.
Whilst this was doing, my lord general marched close up to the
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. Y
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
enemy with his whole army, that in case they should have marched
this way, he might have engaged their rear before they could reach
Stirling.
The enemy received the alarm the same day about ten of the
clock, and sent a considerable party of horse and foot to beat ours
back, upon which my lord had some thoughts of attempting the
enemy where they lay, which was not thought fit, but resolved to
the contrary ; and, in order to the preservation of the forces, his
lordship commanded me to march hither with two regiments of
horse and two of foot.
Upon Saturday, very early, we came to the water- side, and though
I made all possible speed to boat over it, I could not get over more
than the foot and my own regiment of horse all that day and the
next night : about four in the afternoon on Saturday I discovered
the enemy's body advanced as far as Dumfermling, within five miles
of us, being, to my judgment, about four thousand.
And that night they encamped there, and, it seems, hearing more
forces were come over, got a recruit of five hundred men the next
day.
All Saturday night we laboured to get over our horse, and before
the last came to shore on the Lord's day, the enemy was advanced
very near us.
We stood upon our own defence till most of ours were come ; the
enemy, having taken his stand, began to wheel, as if he meant either
to march away, or to take the advantage of a steep mountain.
Upon this I appointed colonel Okey to advance with his regiment ;
which accordingly he did, and there engaged his rear, as he could
draw them no further ; but there drew up in battalia ; and we in the
same manner with as much speed as conveniently we could.
We were more in number, in my judgment, by at least five or six
hundred, but on the other side the enemy had the advantage of the
ground, our left wing of horse being upon a very ill ground, where
was a pass lined by the enemy's musketeers ;
Upon consideration whereof, we placed our greatest strength in
our right wing, consisting of my own regiment of horse, and two of
colonel Lidcot's, and two of colonel Okey's troops ; the charge of
that wing being left with him ; and in the left only four troops of
colonel Okey's and two of Lidcot's, to whom the charge of that
wing was committed.
The battle, consisting of mine and colonel Daniel's regiment of
foot, and reserved by colonel West and colonel Syler's regiment,
being commanded by colonel Overton, we continued facing one
another about an hour and an half, supposing they would have come
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 323
to us, being come so far to seek us ; but finding they delayed, and
having just then received notice from my lord that more forces were
come from Stirling to their assistance, and that my lord was upon
his march to Linlithgow, and by that means the enemy at liberty
to send more forces hither ;
It was resolved we should climb the hill to them, which accord-
ingly we did, and through the Lord's strength, by a very short dis-
pute, put them to an absolute rout : we killed upon the place (as
most judge) two thousand, and took fourteen hundred prisoners, and
among the rest sir John Brown, major-general of their horse and
commander-in-chief of their forces : colonel Buchannan and divers
other officers, were taken and slain.
The reason why the slain exceeded the number of prisoners was
because divers of them were Highlanders, and had very ill quarter ;
and indeed I am persuaded few of them escaped without a knock.
I think we lost not above eight men, but divers wounded : thus easy
hath the Lord given us this mercy. My lord is again remarched
towards Stirling.
Upon his advance, I heard the enemy, who were upon their way
five miles with their whole body towards us on this side Stirling, is
drawn back, and lieth in Stirling and thereabouts.
My lord hath since sent me colonel Ingolesby's regiment and
colonel Ashfield's, with colonel Lilburn's and colonel Alured's regi-
ments of horse, that I judge the forces with me to be above seven
thousand.
North Ferry, Tnwxr T AMHVRT
July 22, 1651. JOHN LAMBtRT-
Other letters, that the Scots' retreat to Stirling was in very
great haste, for they left several of their sick men in their
huts, and a pretty quantity of powder and match ; that the
king and all the English did strongly oppose their going over 500
Stirling bridge, and would have had them marched directly
for Glascow, and so for England :
That at the battle of Fife, there were five of their best
regiments of horse and five of their best of foot, and of all
these scarce two hundred returned to them ; that the Scots
taken prisoners prove fifteen hundred :
That the English soldiers got good booty, and that night,
when their army retreated over Stirling, they lost near two
thousand men : that the purple is much among them :
That the Scots are putting forward new levies :
That such was the gallantry of major-general Lambert,
324 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
that had it not been for his armour he had been lost,
a brace of bullets being found between his coat and his
arms :
That the king upon the rout of his forces called a close
council ; some were sent northward to press more men ; that
some of their own soldiers plundered their carriages ; that
Massey is more in favour than before, but some of the pres-
byterian neutrals are retired, and have private meetings :
That the English fetched in forty load of provisions out of
the Scots quarters in Fife, and lay on both sides of their
army.
29. Letters read in parliament from the ambassador of
Spain and from the states of Genoa.
An act passed for relief of maimed soldiers.
An act passed prohibiting the hunting or killing of deer.
Primers. Vote, that former primers used in the late king's time be
suppressed, and new ones used. .
30. Letters that Cromwell sent more forces to Lambert,
who ranged with his horse in the country of Fife, and kept
his soldiers from all disorder ; that the strong fort of Enis-
garwey was delivered to Lambert.
31. Letters that Limerick and Galloway are both in treaty
for surrender, but stand upon high terms.
Ireland. An account of recruits and provisions sent for Ireland:
That sir Charles Coot took in a castle with twenty barrels
of powder, and eight great guns, and store of provisions ;
that he is sat down before Galloway, and colonel Reynolds
was sent to him with additional forces :
That the lord deputy sent a party to attempt the island
near Limerick, who landed out of their boats before their
seconds came up to them, and were all drowned or killed;
as was supposed, they were slain after quarter given them or
desired :
That the lord deputy demanded satisfaction, and resolved
no further treaty, if they come not down to low conditions :
That colonel Hewson was burning Wicklow, demolishing
some forts, and fortifying others.
August 1651.
1. That the treaty for surrender of Limerick was broken
off, yet their expected relief failed them ; that the lord deputy
had possessed two forts within musket shot of their walls.
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 325
Letters that in the late battle of Fife captain Augustin, Fife battle,
the great moss-trooper, lost his troop of two hundred com-
manded men, and himself hardly escaped ; that the general
commanded that the sick Scotch soldiers, left behind by their
fellows, should have provisions given them, and no injury to
be offered to them; and that those left dead in their trenches
should be buried :
That the general shipped the rest of his army and train
into Fife, leaving only four regiments of horse and four of
foot to secure this side of the water :
That the isle of Ingarney was surrendered to Cromwell,
the soldiers to march away with their swords only, leaving all
arms and ammunition behind them ; and in it Cromwell had
fifteen pieces of ordnance :
That many of the Scots prisoners were sent to Newcastle.
2. Letters that some of the Scots ministers protested Ministers,
against the general assembly for abetting the king's design ;
that a minister and two students came to the general from
Angus for protection :
That one of them was excommunicated for not answering Questions.
two questions :
1 . Whether presbyterian government in Scotland be not in all
things conform to the word of God.
2. Whether Cromwell be not antichristian.
That another was excommunicated for praying with per-
sons of divers families in private :
That the English army received ten days' provision for
some speedy action.
3. The Lord's day; thanks was given in the churches in
London for the late victory in Fife in Scotland.
Letters that Brunt island was surrendered to Cromwell Brunt-
upon articles, and in it three men of war ; and it was an ex- 1S
cellent harbour, much better than Leith harbour, and in it
were five hundred soldiers :
That many of the Scotch soldiers do run away daily.
5. Letters from Cromwell of the taking of Brunt island,
and in it thirty or forty great guns, and three little men of
war; that the harbour at an high tide there is a fathom
higher than Leith, and the town not commanded by any
place near it :
326 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That major-general Whaley marched along the seaside,
having some ships to sail by him, and hath taken store of
artillery and divers ships ; that the enemy's affairs are in
some discomposure :
That they will not adventure all upon one army, but have
sent for the new levies.
An account of moneys, recruits, and provisions gone for
Ireland ; and of prizes taken and brought into Portsmouth.
Of prizes taken by the pirates.
7. Letters of much damage done by the Jersey pirates.
Of colonel Hunkin going to be governor of Scilly with
forces :
That colonel Hewson was going into Cavan, where the
people stood upon their guards, refusing to pay contribution.
8. Letters that sir George Askue was set sail for the Bar-
badoes :
That the general was marched with the army toward St.
Johnston, to prevent supplies to the enemy from the north
of Scotland :
Mr. Love. That colonel Fortescue coming to the general with a peti-
tion on the behalf of Mr. Love, the general and the army
would not intermeddle therewith ; and the colonel, with a
convoy of eighteen troopers, was set upon by eighty of the
enemy's horse ; the colonel first cried for quarter, and had it ;
most of his convoy were slain, only four of them escaped :
Scotland. That six thousand of the Scots are reported to have run
away from them since the last rout in Fife.
In the army's march towards St. Johnston two troopers
were executed for straggling and plundering :
That some country people being left to cut down the bridge
501 between St. Johnston and Stirling, they ran away upon the
approach of the English army before it was quite done, and
left their tools behind them :
That the general sent a summons to St. Johnston, that
understanding they had no garrison, that they should im-
mediately surrender to him; and he promised to free their
goods from plunder and their persons from violence.
The town denying his entrance, he sent parties to attempt
it, and some were slain on both sides ; but the English gain-
ing upon them, they sent a drum with a letter to the general,
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 327
to let him know that his information was not good, and that
they had a garrison, and could do nothing without the
governor.
Hereupon the general sent a summons to the governor,
who returned no answer; and therefore Cromwell planted
his batteries, and played all night upon them ; and the next
day the lord Dasseres, the governor, who came into the town
the day before with thirteen hundred men, sent to Cromwell
for a treaty and cessation :
That news was brought to Cromwell, that the Scots army
was marched about to Hamilton, and so intended for Eng-
land:
That colonel Fortes cue, with twenty-eight men in his
company, were taken (some suspected willingly) by the
moss-troopers between Leith and Berwick.
9. Letters that the lord Muskerry having gotten forces to-
gether to relieve Limerick, the lord Broghill met with them,
routed them, killed five hundred on the place, besides many
that were drowned in the Black-water :
That St. Johnston was rendered to Cromwell upon ar-
ticles :
That he had in it four pieces of ordnance, much arms, am-
munition, and provision :
That the general left a regiment of horse and another of
foot, and four troops of dragoons, under the command of co-
lonel Overton, to secure that place and the parts adjacent ;
and sent lieutenant-general Monk, with four regiments of
horse, three of foot, and four battering pieces, to beleaguer
Stirling :
The general hastened to march after the king, who he had
notice was advanced for England, and that by the way David
Lesley summoned Bigger; and the governor returned a re-
solute answer, that he kept it for the commonwealth of Eng-
land :
That Argyle and many other Scots lords were retired to
their private dwellings :
That the king, Hamilton, and Bucks, with other lords, are
with the army, which is about eight thousand, and supposed
to be near Carlisle :
That major-general Harrison with a considerable party
328 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
was at Berwick, and expects a conjunction of other forces
with him, to hinder the king's march :
That major-general Lambert was marched after the king.
Cromwell. n. Letters from Cromwell to the parliament, of the re-
ducing of St. Johnston, and of the enemy's march for Eng-
land, and his following them, who, in desperation and fear,
and out of inevitable necessity, were run to try what they
could do in this way :
It is our comfort, that in simplicity of heart,, as to God, we have
\ done to the best of our judgments, knowing, that if some issue were
) not put to this business, it would occasion another winter's war, to
the ruin of your soldiery, for whom the Scots are too hard, in re-
spect of enduring the winter's difficulties of that country, and being
under the endless expense of the treasure of England in prosecuting
this war.
He shows the reasons why he did not interpose more be-
tween the enemy and England, and prays the parliament to
use their courage by such forces as they have in readiness
and can get together, to give the enemy a check till he can
come up to them ; and doubts not but the desperateness and
folly of this counsel of theirs will appear, and puts them in
mind of the Scots' former invasion, when England was much
more unsteady than now, and the success of it not to be for-
gotten.
It is good to wait upon the Lord, upon the earnest of former ex-
periences, and hope of his presence, which only is the life of your
cause.
He gives them an account that major-general Harrison
and colonel Rich, and the forces with them, shall endeavour
to keep the Scots together, and so impede their march, and to
join with your other forces ; and that major-general Lambert
marched with a considerable body of horse up to the enemy's
rear, and himself was hasting after them ; and that he hoped
he had left a commanding force under lieutenant-general
Monk in Scotland.
Harrison. Major-general Harrison gave an account by his letters to
the parliament of the Scots coming into England ; and of
his giving notice to the commissioners of the militia of Lan-
cashire, Cumberland, and other counties, to raise what forces
they could, to join with him ; that he had gotten together
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 329
three thousand horse, and hoped to hinder the enemy's
march.
He desires some provision for four or five hundred godly
men for two or three months, if he can get them mounted,
and dated his letter,
7th of the 6th month, 165 1 .
at 1 1 o'clock forenoon. T. HARRISON.
Newcastle.
That in the success the lord Broghill lately had against Ireland
the lord Muskerry in Ireland, the lord Muskerry's army con- JJJJ"
sisted of one thousand horse and dragoons, and near two
thousand foot. My lord Broghill had but four hundred horse
and dragoons, and under six hundred foot.
That the charge was very desperate on both sides ; the lord
Broghill had one hundred and twenty horsemen shot, and
thirty killed ; he charged him that led up the Irish opposite
wing, and killed him, but the Irish did so overwing him, that
his own troop, that consisted most of gentlemen reformados,
was charged in front, flank, and rear, both by horse and
foot ; amongst which my lord was so far engaged that they
offered him quarter, upon the refusal whereof, they cried,
" Kill the fellow in the gold-lace coat."
Which in all probability had been effected, if a reformado,
lieutenant of his troop, had not come in to his rescue ; whose
horse was killed on that account, and himself twice shot;
the lord Broghill got off with a dry pike, beating by the
pikemen, but his horse received three shots.
That the Irish lost six hundred men, among which many
officers prisoners, but few were taken, besides some officers
of the field ; that the defeated army had designed conjunc-
tion with the Lemster forces, and the relief of Limerick.
12. An act passed to put the militia in London and the London.
several counties into a present posture.
An act passed prohibiting correspondence with the king
and his party, and declaring the successes in Scotland; and 50 2
the king was fled into England, and that it should be death
to give any intelligence or assistance to them.
13. An act passed to expel delinquents out of London, and
that all give in what arms they have or know of, and for
raising of forces ; and to indemnify all listed persons in the
service of the parliament.
330 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
An account of forces shipped for Stilly.
An account of forces preparing in Lancashire and Cheshire
to join with major-general Harrison.
14. Letters that the king marched out of Perith with his
forces, and major-general Lambert quartered there next
night ; that they took up many straggling Scots :
Scots in- That major-general Harrison was in the van of them ; that
land. ng~ sixteen great lords of Scotland had deserted the king for in-
vading England.
15. Letters that the Scots were near Preston ; that Che-
shire had sent out three thousand foot to maintain Warring-
ton-bridge against the king, and Lancashire was not want-
ing; that in Coventry seven hundred men were got toge-
ther ; and that men were very ready to join against the Scots :
Of securing disaffected persons :
That the Scots army are supposed to be twelve thousand,
besides their train :
That major-general Lambert was within half a day's march
of the king, and Cromwell was not far behind ; that the Scots
were gone the ready way to Lancashire :
That the English scouts took a Scotch laird, and some
letters to Mr. Crofts.
C. Alured. 16. Letters that the towns in Fife began to revolt, sup-
posing that all the English were gone out of Scotland ; that
colonel Alured stormed and reduced them again, killed many,
and took two hundred prisoners, and took divers arms, co-
lours, and great guns :
Preston. That the Scots army was advanced to Preston, and in great
confusion; that major-general Lambert, with four thousand
horse, pursued them, and Cromwell, with ten thousand foot,
followed him, and major-general Harrison, with a consider-
able body, coasted them with four thousand horse more ; and
many forces were ready in the countries they were to pass to
join with them, and vessels were sent with intelligence to the
frigates :
That three thousand Lancashire foot had undertaken to
secure the pass at Warrington, and that Lambert and Har-
rison were joined; that Cromwell was within two days'
march with ten thousand foot.
18. Letters of the soldiers to their fellow-soldiers to encou-
rage them to oppose the Scots.
IN THE YEAR MDCLI, 331
From major-general Harrison to the council of state, that Harrison.
Lambert and he were joined, and were about six thousand
horse in the van of the enemy :
That the enemy made some halt on a moor four miles
from Lancaster, which somewhat amazed them; but they
went on to Preston, and designed to get before to the pass at
Warrington, where were three thousand foot to join with
Lambert and Harrison, who intended to march thither :
That they heard the king was cast down, for that his sub-
jects came in no faster to him, and did not answer his ex-
pectation in persons or number, but divers ran away from
him. That Cheshire had been very forward in their levies,
and most of the three thousand foot came from thence ; that
he was assured of a glorious issue of this work :
That Cromwell was come into England with eight regi-
ments of foot and the train, the soldiers tired with a long
march :
That Newburn carried good store of provisions to the
soldiers, among whom was not a loud word or an oath :
That colonel Lilburn marched with one thousand horse to
join with Lambert.
That the English before Stirling-castle killed thirty of the
castle soldiers in one day's battery.
From the governor of Oxford to the council, that the vice- Oxford.
chancellor and colleges had raised one hundred and twenty
horse for the parliament's service, and had engaged in the
university and city to raise a regiment of foot.
19. Letters from Lambert and Harrison,
That the Scots army came and pressed to pass at the bridge and
fort near it, which we had broken down and spoiled as well as we
could in so short a time ; a company of our foot were drawn down
to the barricade of the bridge, who behaved themselves gallantly,
and gave the enemy opposition till we saw cause to draw off, secur-
ing their retreat by parties of horse ;
Which we did, because we were unwilling to engage our army
where our horse could not do us service for the enclosures. The
enemy thereupon hastened over their whole army, and their king in
the van, if not forlorn, with his own lifeguard, (as some prisoners
told us since,) and pressed hard upon our rear, whereof colonel Rich
had the guard, who wheeled off parties, and charged them thrice as
they came on ; and the Lord caused the enemy every time to fly
before us.
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
We killed the officer that commanded one of their parties, and
two or three troopers; and some countrymen since tell us, that
twenty- eight of theirs were slain in the several skirmishes, and but
four of ours, that I can hear of, there and at the bridge.
As they fell on, they cried, " Oh, you rogues, we will be with
you before your Cromwell comes !" which made us think they would
press to engage us with all speed.
We are drawing up at Knockforth-moor to wait them ; but since,
we hear, they are marched a good part of the night on London
road.
Lambert wrote thus to the council :
Letters I sent to you before my thoughts of the untenableness of the pass
from Lam- _T . / . ' , . .,
bert. at Warrmgton ; since which the enemy, pressing close alter us,
came to Warrington town before we could get the bridge broken.
The enemy pressed hard on us in the lanes, but we came off
well ; I commanded the rearguard to charge, which they did, and
routed the enemy ; and their own men falling foul upon their other
two bodies routed them also.
We had the pursuit of them at least a mile ; we killed him who
commanded the party, and about eight more, and took six prisoners,
besides divers wounded ; this gave us time to ride two miles without
any more trouble, and to draw out a new rearguard of colonel
Rich's regiment.
Which having done, they; again engaged us, and we charged them
with the same success, killed and took the same number, and after-
wards marched quietly to Knockforth- heath, and lost but one man,
who was taken prisoner pursuing a trooper.
That we endeavoured to amuse the enemy, and to flank and front
them, till the general came up to us ; that we have nine thousand
horse, and between three or four thousand foot to give them battle,
if they force us to engage.
That not one county in England appeared in the least for the
5°3 king, but generally they raised forces against him ; yet his army
marched without committing any outrage, or doing any injury to
the country.
The parliament passed an act to empower the militia of
London, &c. to raise foot.
That the earl of Derby was landed but with two hundred
and fifty foot and sixty horse unarmed; that the enemy
seemed to bend towards North Wales.
The council of state, during this action, had almost hourly
messengers going out and returning from the several forces,
IN THE YEAR MDCLI.
carrying advice and directions to them, and bringing to the
council an account of their motions and designs, and of the
enemy's motions.
It could hardly be that any affair of this nature could be
managed with more diligence, courage, and prudence than this
was ; nor peradventure was there ever so great a body of
men so well armed and provided got together in so short a
time as were now raised, and sent away to join with the rest
of the forces attending the king.
20. Letters that they supposed it would be eight days be-
fore the general could get up to the enemy.
A Dutch prize brought into Plymouth laden with ammu-
nition for the king, and richly gilded.
21. An account of forces raised in Salop and the neigh-
bouring countries, and breaking of bridges, and endeavouring
to divert the course of the Scots army.
That the governor of Stafford went to Harrison with seven
hundred men.
That four thousand of the general's foot march in their
shirts twenty miles a day, and have their clothes and arms
carried by the country.
22. Mr. Love the minister and Mr. Gibbons were beheaded Mr. Love.
at Tower-hill, according to the sentence of the high court of
justice.
The under-keeper of Newgate having treated for the escape
of Mr. Gibbons, and received ioo£ in hand, and a bond for
i oo/. more, after this discovered it and secured Gibbons.
Letters from Lambert to the council, with an intercepted
letter, the copy whereof he had sent to the general. The
letter intercepted was taken from a Scots prisoner; it was
from the king to colonel Massey, for leaving out a clause in
the letter from the presbytery in the army to the ministers
of Lancashire for taking notice of former malignancy of
persons.
That the Scots began to plunder extremely, and many of
them were weak.
23. Letters that the Scots were marched from Nantwich
towards Newport, and steered for London. That the general
was expected within one day, and that the Scots were come
to Litchfield :
334 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Scots mo- That five thousand countrymen appeared with horses at
Coventry ready to serve the parliament :
That Harrison and Lambert were at Uttoxeter, and the
Scots at Nantwich, their foot discontented and sick with their
long marches ; and the king came to them with cap in hand
desiring them to march a little further :
That Harrison and Lambert had sent some forces to Wor-
cester to secure that place, lest the king should make it a
quarter or garrison; and that Gloucester was supplied ; that
the next day they expected to join with the general :
That the governor of Stafford made a sally upon a party
of the Scots, and killed some of them, and gave an alarm to
the whole army :
That an insinuating and deluding declaration was lately
published by the king, that the Scots were marched to Whit-
church, the way to Wales :
That they hoped to hinder the earl of Derby from raising
any forces in Lancashire, and if they make a halt, as it is
supposed they must, by reason of the weariness of their in-
fantry, the major-general hopes to give a good account of
that business :
That lieutenant-general Monk had the castle of Stirling
surrendered to him upon articles, with all their ordnance
and ammunition.
25. Letters that colonel Pinchback had deserted the king
and disliked his way.
Stirling- That the Highlanders in Stirling-castle beat a parley with-
castle. Qut ^e consent Of the governor, being frighted with the
mortar-pieces, and threatened to throw the officers over the
walls if they did hinder them, and said, they would fight for
their king, but not for their country's geer :
That the soldiers had broken open divers trunks in the
castle, and carried out with them most of the best geer.
That in the castle were forty pieces of ordnance, twenty-
seven of them brass guns, and provision for five hundred
men for twelve months, fifty barrels of beef, and about five
thousand arms :
That all the records of Scotland, chair and cloth of state,
the sword and other rich furniture of the king's, the earl of
Mar's coronet and stirrups of gold, with his parliament robes,
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 335
and store of the goods of the country, were in the castle,
which they carried away according to the articles, little or
nothing being embezzled but what was by their own men :
That Stirling was one of the strongest and most magni-
ficent castles of Scotland, and a pass of the greatest conse-
quence :
That colonel Okey took some in the west of Scotland who
were raising forces there :
That the Scots came to Worcester, where the country Scots,
forces made a gallant resistance, and beat back the enemy
several times ; but the townsmen having laid down their
arms, and some of them shooting at the parliament soldiers
out of the windows, they removed their ammunition, while
thirty men only resisted the enemy, and beat them back, and
then withdrew and left the town to the enemy, and came to
Gloucester :
That the king sent a summons to colonel Mackworth,
governor of Shrewsbury, inviting him to surrender that gar-
rison to him ; but the governor returned him a peremptory
denial :
That the king sent also letters to sir Thomas Middleton to
raise forces for him in Montgomeryshire, but he detained the
messenger prisoner, and sent up the letter to the parliament :
That lieutenant-general Fleetwood and colonel Desborough
and other officers met with Cromwell at Warwick.
Letters that Limerick was in great straits ; that the Irish
increased in numbers ; that they had surprised a garrison of
the parliament's, the soldiers being asleep, and stormed
Fenagh, but were beaten off with great loss.
The trained bands of London, Westminster, &c. drew out
into Tuttle-fields, in all about fourteen thousand ; the speaker
and divers members of the parliament were there to see
them.
26. The parliament kept this a day of humiliation at St.
Margaret's church in Westminster.
A letter from the king to the city of London was burnt by
the hangman; and the parliament's declaration was pub-
lished by beat of drum and sound of trumpet, proclaiming all
those to be traitors and rebels that do or shall adhere to the
king and his party.
336 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
504 Letters from lieutenant-general Fleetwood,
Letters That the gcotg had jeft a partv jn Worcester, and -had trans-
from Fleet- r
wood. ported their army over Severn, intending to secure the passes,, and
invite their friends to them, and to refresh their wearied army :
That tiiey have summoned the country to come in, to repair the
works and royal fort at Worcester.
Indeed it is a mercy not to be slighted by us, that though this pre-
cious cause have so many enemies, yet so few adventure to come in
to them :
That their army is twelve thousand horse and foot effective, and
their foot so much harassed by often and frequent marches, that
they did importune the king to take pity on them, who answered,
that they should suddenly have refreshment, gave them good words,
and told them what assistance he expected from his friends :
That they have very few English horse among them, their foot
Highlanders ; that major-general Massey marches with a party to
Gloucester, in hopes that upon his approach his old friends will ap-
pear for him.
My lord general came last night to Warwick ; the foot will be
there this night ; we shall either this day or to morrow march near
the enemy, and not give them the liberty of ranging far ; and though
their confidence be much in their passes, yet I trust we shall not
find them and the work so difficult as it seems at a distance both to
you and us.
However, you know hitherto the Lord hath carried us through the
greatest straits before we have attained our desired issue, and if it be
so now, it shall be the less strange to us. I shall not further trou-
ble you, save to subscribe myself,
Sir,
Your most faithful and humble servant,
Banbury, 25 Aug. 1651. CHARLES FLEETWOOD.
A messenger from the army brought an account that the
lord-general, the lieutenant-general, the major-general^ the
lord Grey of Groby, met at Warwick.
That lieutenant-general Fleetwood went from them to
Banbury to his forces ; that the lord-general's foot and train
were to be in Warwick ; that the enemy was fortifying Wor-
cester, where they proclaimed their king.
27. Letters that the militia in Coventry and in all the
countries thereabouts appeared very willingly and numerously
against the Scots.
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 337
Of hail fallen about Towcester as big as musket bullets,
which killed many birds and broke many windows ; and such
lightning for four hours, as never was seen by any man alive,
which burnt a rick of wheat in the field, and did a great deal
of hurt to trees and gardens :
That the lieutenant-general's foot was come up to War-
wick, and the forces marched to Stratford-upon-Avon ; that
the enemy was fortifying Worcester very fast, and sent par-
ties of horse to bring in provisions, but their army moves not
as yet :
That the lord Talbot, the earl of Shrewsbury's eldest sou,
was come to the king ; that^ the major of Worcester and a
committee-man were knighted by the king.
One Young, that was treasurer to the committee, and that
had a hand in contriving the revolt of Worcester, was taken :
That Gloucester was in a good condition, and had men
enough to defend it, and none of the Scots appeared before it,
nor any summons was sent to it ; many of the country horse
and foot came in to their defence :
That the Scots intrenched themselves a mile and half west
of Worcester in the fields ; the king sent a summons to all
between sixteen and sixty to come in to him to Worcester,
but none came :
That the Scots brought in sixteen cartloads of ladders
with the rear of their army. The lord general intended to be
this night at Evesham within twelve miles of Worcester.
28. A messenger from the general who left him upon his
march from Stratford to Evesham, that the forest of dean
rose for the parliament, and many came into Gloucester and
Hereford to defend those places, whither the scouts brought
word that the enemy was marching with some horse and
foot, and that they had left four regiments in Worcester :
That Fleetwood was at Shipton, to join with the general at
Evesham :
That Coventry sent provisions to the general and his army
very seasonably :
That the general's horse faced Worcester, and the enemy's
bodies went towards Hereford.
An intercepted letter said that the king was come within
thirty miles of London with a gallant army, and that the earl
VOL. m. z
338 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
of Derby was come to him with four thousand horse, and the
earl of Northumberland with four thousand foot :
That Somersetshire had two regiments of foot under
colonel Pine and colonel Kedley, and two regiments of horse
under colonel Popham :
That the king's horse was about seven thousand and their
foot as many ; that their discipline is very strict, and some
prisoners brought before the king were courteously treated
by him, and having kissed his hand were discharged :
That colonel Lilburne with a good party was marched to-
Eari of wards the earl of Derby, and the parliament ships went after
the earl's frigates, two of which frigates were split coming
near the shore to land the soldiers :
That Yorkshire was active in raising forces for the parlia-
ment, and that the lord Fairfax declared to join with them in
any capacity, to the great encouragement of that country;
that thirteen hundred of their horse and dragoons were in
Scotland.
29. Letters that after the taking of Stirling colonel Okey
marched with fourteen hundred horse and dragoons to meet
with some lords sent from the king into the west of Scotland,
and he took some of them and frighted away the rest, and
fined the towns where they sat :
That one may ride with two hundred horse all over the
west of Scotland ; that a party met with fourteen Scots min-
isters and took them prisoners; they confessed they had
been silenced by the assembly of the kirk whom they opposed;
they were thereupon dismissed :
That colonel Lilburn fell upon the earl of Derby near
Wiggan, who had got together fifteen hundred men ; that the
dispute was hot for near an hour, and then the earl's forces
were routed ; the earl himself wounded, but escaped ; the lord
Widdrington and eighty officers and persons of quality slain,
four hundred prisoners taken, whereof many officers and
gentlemen ; that colonel Lilburn had not half their number,
and scarce half of them could come up to charge :
That colonel Lilburn lost but one officer, and not above
ten or twelve in all. The earl retreated into Cheshire with
about eighty horse, and a party gone in pursuit of him thi-
therwards :
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 339
That lieutenant-colonel Ashurst fled with a few to an house 505
for his security :
That lieutenant-general Fleetwood marched with his brigade
within three miles of Worcester, where the king was fortify-
ing the place ; that they brake down Upton-bridge, and lay
as large as to Malverne-hills :
That some few of the country come in to them, and they
exact money or provisions from the country ; that the gene-
ral hath sent for colonel Lilburn and colonel Clark with their
regiments to come to him.
30. Letters that at the routing of the earl of Derby were
taken prisoners five colonels, the adjutant-general, four lieu-
tenant-colonels, one major, four captains, two lieutenants ;
and slain, and dead since they were taken, the lord Widdring-
ton, major-general sir Thomas Tiddesly, one colonel, two ma-
jors, and divers others of quality ; all their baggage, sumpters,
arms, and ammunition taken, and the earl of Derby's three
cloaks with stars, his george and garter, with other robes :
That colonel Lilburn took many commissions of the king's
to several persons in the north to raise forces for him :
The parliament ordered $ool. to colonel Lilburn, 2oo/. per
annum, as a mark of honour for his faithful service, and ioo/.
to his lieutenant that brought the news from him; and ordered
that the ministers in the respective churches in London and
Westminster do the next Lord's day give thanks to God for
the surrender of Stirling-castle, and for the defeat of the earl
of Derby, and pray for a blessing upon the parliament forces
now near an engagement.
The parliament ordered to colonel Mackeworth a chain of
gold with a medal, as a mark of their favour for his faithful
and gallant refusal of the king's summons to render Shrews-
bury-castle.
Letters that the general's head quarters were within two
miles of Worcester ; that the enemy seemed to be resolved
to venture all at Worcester, in and about which place all the
king's army were, and they had raised a new fort ; that the
parliament's guards were within musket-shot of it ; and gene-
ral Fleetwood with his body lay at Upton :
That the pass at Upton-bridge was taken by major-general
Lambert :
That a party of the enemy sallied out of Worcester, but
340 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
the parliament's forces beat them back to their works, and
killed fourteen of their men ; that the country came in freely
to the parliament's army :
That Massey with a troop of horse ferried over the Severn
between Tewksbury and Gloucester, and discoursed with
some women there, who say that Massey's horse was killed
under him at Upton, and he wounded in the hand and leg :
That the enemy's horse encamp a mile on the other side
of Worcester, and their foot most part in Worcester.
That Cromwell drew his army in the face of Worcester,
but they would not meet him with their army; but there
was some small pickeering and shooting of muskets behind
the hedges, but nothing considerable attempted.
Ministers. 31. The Lord's day: the ministers who were not of the
rigid presbyterian judgment gave thanks in their churches
for the successes of the parliament's forces in Scotland, and
against the earl of Derby, according to the parliament's
order for that purpose : and they likewise prayed to God for
his blessing upon the parliament's forces now near to an en-
gagement with the enemy.
But some of the more rigid persons did not think fit to
observe that order, but neglected it, and had their private
meetings to pray to God to bless their brethren of the pres-
bytery, and their countrymen.
September 1651.
1. Letters from major-general Lambert's quarters:
That he marched the 28th of August in the morning with a party
of horse and dragoons from Evesham towards Upton ; about ten in
Worcester, the morning he approached the bridge over the Severn, which the
enemy had broke down, all but a foot-plank. The dragoons got up
upon the bridge before the enemy in the town (who were about two
or three hundred horse and dragoons) took the alarm ; while they
fired upon the bridge against the enemy in the town, (being within
their sight and shot,) our horse partly forded, and partly swam over
the river, about pistol shot from the bridge ; and the dragoons ad-
vanced withal, and forthwith, by the major-general's order, took pos-
session of the church upon a little hill near the bridge foot, being
about eighteen.
The enemy drew up, and came to the church, and shot their
pistols and thrust their swords in at the windows ; but the dragoons
gallantly fired upon them, killed three or four of their men, eight
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 341
or nine of their horse, and took one Scot shot in the arm, Massey's
own horse being killed upon the place, and we are very strongly
informed Massey shot in the arm.
By this time our horse were come up in a small party, at whose
appearance the enemy faced about without charging ; our men had
the pursuit, but not knowing but that the enemy might be a great
body, forbore.
And major-general Lambert sent for lieutenant-general Fleetwood
with his whole brigade, (where my lord Grey is,) to make good what
they had gained, being four miles behind.
He presently mounted three hundred foot behind troopers, and
hastened to the bridge, the rest following.
Major-general Lambert in the mean time using abundance of
diligence to make up the bridge for the party to march over, and
receiving no interruption from the enemy, it was speedily accom-
plished, so that we marched all over the pass at night.
Two guns came to us, and we had a hot but false alarm that
night : colonel Blundell commanded the guard, and at night took
the prisoner whose examination is enclosed.
In the morning colonel Blundell sent out another good party of
horse and dragoons, who marched three miles toward the enemy,
and had scouts a mile and a half further, but discovered no enemy ;
only being in the sight of Worcester, they discovered the general
and his forces near Worcester, and his guns playing upon the town.
Major-general Lambert and major-general Deane themselves
wrought in the making up of the bridge ; and as soon as it was
done, the general sent to them to come to him then near to Wor-
cester.
Major Mercer carried himself stoutly and gallantly in this busi-
ness, and indeed Massey brought up the rear very stoutly ; when
they turned about, at least forty carabins were shot at him within
half pistol-shot, and he was for certain shot in the hand and thigh.
This was a seasonable mercy, and more advantageous than can
well be expressed: major Mercer possessed Maxfi eld-house betwixt 5^
Upton and Worcester, the enemy quitting it upon our taking the
pass.
This day the general came to visit us at this pass, and was enter-
. tained with abundance of joy, by extraordinary shouting of each
regiment, troop, and company, as he went to salute them :
That the enemy lay in and near Worcester on Herefordshire side,
the lord general on this side, lieutenant-general Fleetwood on the
other side at Upton ; that the enemy had burnt down the suburbs
of Worcester to the walls round about :
342 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
That their grandees are much distracted, and think they were
betrayed into this place ; many sallies they have made, but were
beaten back ; once they sallied out with a thousand upon three hun-
dred of ours, but they were gallantly repulsed, and seven or eight of
them killed, with the commander that led them.
On Saturday the lord general was with the lieutenant-general
viewing his forces, and consulting how to carry on the work when
the boats were ready ; that his train was come to the lieutenant-
general.
Scotland. From Scotland, of gatherings of the Scots, especially High-
landers, who plundered the country people, and then fled up
to the hills, where the parliament forces could not follow
them:
That the lieutenant-general in Scotland marched with a
considerable party and some great guns towards St. John-
ston, near which the Scots were making new levies, but they
were all dispersed :
That the lieutenant-general sent a summons to the town
of Dundee and the country about, to come and submit to the
parliament of England ; but they answered, that they were
not satisfied in conscience to do what he required, but would
give an answer to colonel Overton, who had before sent to
them the like message :
That the ministers of St. Johnston refused to preach, un-
less they might pray for the king and their army in England ;
the governor told them, they might preach the gospel of
Christ ; but that would not satisfy them :
That in swimming over the river, to come to Dundee, two
or three men and horses were drowned.
Among other countries, Oxfordshire had raised a regiment
of foot and two troops of horse, to assist the lord general
before Worcester, and had chosen my son James to com-
mand both their horse and foot : he was the colonel, Mr.
Robert Warcup lieutenant-colonel, and the major and cap-
tains were most of them Oxfordshire gentlemen.
They wrote to my son James to acquaint him herewith,
and to desire him to come into England to accept of this
command, to which the committee had freely chosen him ;
he returned thanks for the honour his countrymen had done
him, accepted the command, and promised to hasten into
England to serve them.
IN THE YEAR MDCLI.
But before he could come over from Ireland, the king with
his army being come into England, and all the new raised
forces being commanded to march to the lord general to-
wards Worcester, his lieutenant-colonel Warcup marched
with his regiment of foot thither.
2. An act passed to enable the commissioners of the mi-
litia to raise money for the present service of the common-
wealth.
A messenger from the head quarters informed that the Worcester,
lord general and lieutenant-general met and viewed their
forces, and consulted about carrying on of the work, and
prepared to receive the enemy if he should engage, who came
forth in a full body, but would not come near to Cromwell,
who thereupon sent out a party against them : upon whose
approach the Scots retreated into the city :
That the parliament forces were got within half musket-
shot of the enemy's works, and their cannon played daily
into the city with good execution :
That the earl of Derby came wounded into Worcester
with about thirty horse, and no more, of all his levies in Lan-
cashire ; which so distracted the townsmen, that they began
to repent their deserting of the parliament :
That the king seeing his hopes in the earl of Derby frus-
trated, would have marched away with his horse ; upon
which his foot were ready to mutiny, and said, they should
both endure the same fortune : the king and his officers had
much ado by fair words to appease them.
The parliament voted, that whosoever had the king's de-Vote,
claration in their hands, should bring it in to the council or
to the lord mayor of London, or some justice of peace, to be
burnt by the hangman ; and those who should not bring it
in, or should disperse it, to be punished according to law.
Twelve regiments of London, being fourteen hundred,
mustered in Finsbury fields ; the speaker and divers members
of parliament were there, and the lord mayor and sheriffs of
London : the king's declaration was burnt by the hangman
at the head of every regiment, who gave loud shouts and
acclamations thereupon.
That captain Escot, a parliament man of war, fetched two
prizes out of the enemy's harbour in Scotland and brought
them into Leith, laden with corn and other commodities.
344 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
In one of them were divers intercepted letters of conse-
quence from the lord Argyle, Cleveland, and others, to the
lord Jermyn, captain Titus, the earl of Newcastle, and others
in Holland :
That the same man of war fought three hours with another
ship bound for the enemy, laden with wine, arms, and ammu-
nition, and at length sunk her and all her goods, except ten
hogsheads of [wine, which were saved, and a few of the pas-
sengers ; the rest were drowned.
3. Letters that a party of the enemy's horse moved and
pulled down two bridges of the river Tearne in Herefordshire,
but being flanked by a party of lieutenant-general Fleet-
wood's, supposing they intended to march away, they re-
treated :
That a servant of Massey's came into Cromwell's quarters,
and reported that the wants of the king's army were very
great ; that his master was shot in the hand, and the earl of
Worcester wounded in the mouth.
Major Mercer, with a strong party, was sent to secure
Bewdly-bridge.
C. Alured. From Scotland, that a party of colonel Alured's men being
sent out to prevent their new levies, seven miles from Dun-
dee they found old general Leven and several other great
lords raising of forces, whom they apprehended, and brought
away prisoners.
Tory. Letters that Scurlocke, the famous tory, took two small
garrisons of the parliament's in Ireland ; that the garrisons
Ireland. of Limerick and Galloway were much straitened ; that two
thousand sallied out of Galloway upon colonel Russel, (who
commanded there in sir Charles Coot's absence,) but were
507 repulsed with the loss of two or three hundred of their men,
and but six of RusseFs lost :
That the remnant with Clanrickard increased in number,
but were so full of terror, that, upon the advance of sir
Charles Coot and colonel Reynolds towards them, they
quitted divers strong passes, and a castle of consequence;
where the soldiers had quarter for life, the officers and pro-
tected people left to mercy, and some of them hanged :
That the enemy took Raghara-castle from the parliament,
surprising most of their men gathering contribution in the
country, who were likewise cut off; that the sickness is still
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 345
in those parts: that the commissioners of parliament ap-
pointed a day of humiliation.
4. Letters from Scotland to the speaker, that after the Monk,
taking of Stirling lieutenant-general Monk marched to
Dundee for the reducing of that place, and summoned it ;
they, in answer to his summons, sent him a proclamation
from the king, that whosoever would lay down arms, and
come in to them, should have mercy :
That this impudence of theirs was occasioned by the pro-
mise of old Lesley, earl of Leven, with divers other lords
and ministers commissioned from the king to raise forces,
whereby he would relieve the town :
Private intelligence being given hereof, colonel Alured
with a good party marched to the place of their rendezvous,
and surprised old Leven and the lord chancellor, with divers
other lords, six or seven of their ministers, and three hun-
dred more persons of quality.
Letters from Worcester : Worcester
G. fight-
Sir,
This day hath been a glorious day ; this day twelvemonth was
glorious at Dunbar ; this day hath been glorious before Worcester ;
the word was then The Lord of Hosts, and so it was now, and in-
deed the Lord of Hosts was wonderfully with us.
The same signal we had then as now, which was, to have no
white about us ; and indeed tbe Lord hath clothed us with white
garments, though to the enemy they have been bloody.
In the morning, 3 Sept., lieutenant-general Fleetwood had order to
advance with his brigade on the other side Severn, and all things
being prepared for the making of a bridge, and having cleared our
passages with a forlorn, we laid a bridge over Severn, and another
over Tame.
Our foot disputed the hedges with much courage and resolution ;
the fight began on the other side Severn, and our foot from this
side began it, they clearing the way for the rest to come over after
them.
The right wing of lieutenant-general Fleetwood's forces came
over the bridge of Tame, while the left wing disputed the bridge at
Poyke, which dispute lasted a long time, and was very hot ; but the
Lord gave our men to gain ground of the enemy till we had beaten
them out of the ground.
While this was doing, the enemy rallying made a very bold sally
out on this side of the town, and came with great bodies of horse
346 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
and foot, supposing most of our army had been drawn out on the
other side : they gave our men a very hot salute, and put them to a
little retreat and disorder.
But in a short while the Lord gave us victory on this side also ;
our foot did very noble and gallant service, and they disputed with
them, not only the hedges, but followed them boldly to the very
mouth of their cannon, which was planted on their mountain- works.
At length we gained their works,, and planted their guns against
them in the town, and we hear that some of our horse and foot are
in the north and east end of the town : the night came on so fast
that we could not pursue further.
Most of their horse escaped, but my lord general despatched
major-general Harrison's brigade after them: we cannot yet give
an account who are taken or slain, but we conceive the number of
their slain far exceeds the number of the prisoners ; but I guess the
number of the killed and taken to be about eight or ten thousand.
To morrow we shall be able to give you fuller relation.
Our quartermaster-general and captain Jones is slain, and Mr.
Howard, captain of the lifeguard, is wounded, and major-general
Lambert's horse was shot under him.
Yours to serve you,
Sept. 3, 1 65 1 . ROBERT STAPLE-TON .
Other letters came to the same effect.
5. Letters of the militia troops riding up and down the
counties to prevent insurrections :
Of a pinnace of the earl of Derby's taken by one of the
parliaments ships.
A letter from general Cromwell to the speaker of the vic-
tory at Worcester, but the particulars in one following.
6. A more particular letter from the lord general Crom-
well to the parliament, thus :
Letters I am not a^^e yet to give you an exact account of the great
from Crom- things the Lord hath done for this commonwealth and for his
people, and yet I am unwilling to be silent, but according to my
duty shall represent it to you as it comes to hand.
This battle was fought with various success for some hours, but
still hopeful on your part, and in the end became an absolute vic-
tory, and so full a one as proved a total defeat and ruin of the
enemy's army and possession of the town ; our men entering at the
enemy's heels, and fighting with them in the streets, with very great
courage, took all their baggage and artillery.
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 347
What the slain are, I can give you no account,, because we have
not taken an exact view, but they are very many, and must needs
be so, because the dispute was long, and very near at hand, and
often at push of pike, and from one defence to another.
There are about six or seven thousand prisoners taken here, and
many officers and noblemen of quality :
Duke Hamilton, the earl of Rothes, and divers other noblemen,
I hear the earl of Lauderdale, many officers of great quality, and
some that will be fit subjects of your justice. We have sent very
considerable parties after the flying enemy : I hear they have taken
considerable numbers of prisoners, and are very close in the pur-
suit.
Indeed I hear the country riseth upon them everywhere, and I
believe the forces that lay, through Providence, at Bewdley and in
Shropshire and Staffordshire, and those with colonel Lilburn, were
in a condition as if this had been foreseen to intercept what should
return.
A more particular account than this will be prepared for you as
we are able ; I heard they had not many more than one thousand
horse in their body that fled, and I believe we have near four thou-
sand forces following and interposing between them and home.
Their army was about sixteen thousand strong, and fought ours
on Worcester side Severn almost with their whole, whilst we had
engaged half our army on the other side, but with parties of theirs.
Indeed it was a stiff business ; yet I do not think we have lost
two hundred men ; your new raised forces did perform singular good
service, for which they deserve a very high estimation and acknow-
ledgment, as also for their willingness thereunto.
Forasmuch as the same hath added so much to the reputation of
your affairs, they are all despatched home again, which I hope will
be much for the ease and satisfaction of the country, which is a
great fruit of the successes.
The dimensions of this mercy are above my thoughts ; it is, for
aught I know, a crowning mercy ; surely if it be not, such a one we
shall have, if this provoke those that are concerned in it to thank-
fulness, and the parliament to do the will of Him who hath done his
will for it and for the nation ; whose good pleasure is to estsblish
the nation, and the change of the government, by making the people
so willing to the defence thereof, and so signally to bless the endea-
vours of your servants in this late great work.
I am bold humbly to beg that all thoughts may tend to the pro-
moting of His honour who hath wrought so great salvation and
348 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
that the fatness of these continued mercies may not occasion pride
and wantonness, as formerly the like hath done to a chosen
people ;
But that the fear of the Lord, even for his mercies, may keep an
authority ; and a people so prospered and blessed and witnessed to,
humble and faithful, that justice and righteousness, mercy and truth,
may flow from you, as a thankful return to our glorious God ; this
shall be the prayer of, sir,
Worcester Your most humble and obedient servant,
Sept. 4, 1651. O. CROMWELL.
The parliament ordered a thanksgiving-day, and the let-
ters of the general to be read by the ministers.
From major-general Harrison :
Harrison. We are in pursuit of the enemy about four thousand ; we have
taken more already of them, fourteen hundred horse and foot, many
considerable persons among them, the lord Cleveland and the earl
of Derby ; they make no resistance when any of ours overtake
them, but ride post and in great confusion, their king being the
foremost.
Mr. Scot and major Salleway returned from Worcester ; a parti-
cular account they could not give, because all things were then in
confusion ; lords., knights, and gentlemen, were then plucking out
of holes by the soldiers.
The common prisoners they were driving to the cathedral church
in Worcester ; and what with the dead bodies of men and the dead
horses of the enemy filling the streets, there was such a nastiness
that a man could hardly abide the town : yet the lord general had
his quarters in Worcester, the walls whereof he hath ordered to be
pulled down to the ground, and the ditches filled up.
The lord Hamilton's leg was broken, and he sent to the general
for a chirurgeon to dress his wounds. The militia forces behaved
themselves gallantly; five thousand out of Norfolk and Suffolk came
in cheerfully the same night of the fight ; the lord general dismissed
them all home.
The regiment of Surrey under sir Richard Onslow, and the troop
under captain Walter St. John, marched hard to come up to the
engagement.
Prisoners taken : three English earls, seven Scotch lords ; of
knights, four; of colonels, lieutenant- colonels, majors, captains, and
other officers, about six hundred and forty ; the king's standard and
one hundred and fifty-eight colours taken ; ten thousand prisoners,
0
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 349
and above two thousand slain ; the king's coach and horses, with
rich goods, and all arms, bag and baggage, taken.
On the parliament's part, slain, one hundred soldiers, and three
hundred wounded ; quartermaster-general Mosely and captain Jones
slain, and no other officers of note ; captain Howard and another
captain wounded.
8. A particular account from lieutenant-general Fleetwood
of the whole action at Worcester ; of three thousand slain ;
ten thousand taken prisoners, with all their arms, bag and
baggage ; the flight and pursuit of the enemy, &c.
Letters from Scotland, that a party of the parliament's Scotland.
from Edinburgh, after an hour's fight, took Dumfries and
the country, who made opposition, contrary to their engage-
ment, smarted for it :
That lieutenant-general Monk having received a scornful Dundee,
anwer to his summons from the governor of Dundee, he
stormed the town, and in a quarter of an hour became
master of it :
That major-general Lumsden and six hundred of the
enemy were slain ; and there was in the town good store of
arms and ammunition ; eleven pieces of ordnance and sixty
sail of ships in the harbour :
From Cheshire, that one thousand of the king's horse pass-
ing through Sanebarch on a fair-day, the townsmen and
countrymen, as they passed by, fell upon them with clubs
and staves and the poles of their stalls, knocked them down,
and took about one hundred of them :
That the country rise upon the routed Scots, and kill and
take many of them.
9. A proclamation for the apprehending of the king, and a
promise of loool. to any that shall do it.
Vote for the disbanding of forces taken into pay upon the
present service.
Order for a day of thanksgiving throughout the kingdom
for the success at Worcester, and an act to be brought in for
an annual observation of the third day of September.
Letters that sir Philip Musgrave and others, raising forces
about Galloway, were taken and killed by a party from Edin-
burgh, being in all about five hundred :
That major-general Massey came into Leicestershire, butMassey.
not being able to go further, by reason of his wounds, wrote
350 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
a letter to the countess of Stamford, and surrendered himself
to the lord Grey her son :
Sr Arthur That sir Arthur Haselrigge, governor of Newcastle, upon
Hasefaigge. notice of fae defeat at Worcester, and the king's escape
northwards, sent to the militia forces, and to the sheriffs of
the four northern counties, to raise the passe comitafas, and
to the lieutenant-general Monk, and forces in limilMMl^ to
waylay those that fled ; and went out himself with a party
for that purpose.
The parliament appointed four of their members, whereof
I was one, to go out of town to meet the general upon his
509 way from Worcester to London, and to congratulate from
the parliament the great successes that God had given him.
Ireland. 10. Letters from Ireland, that the Irish lie up and down in
small parties, robbing passengers by the highway, but meet
not in a body, being divided in their councils ; that Limerick
and Galloway hold out.
That colonel Zanchey was sent out with two thousand five
hundred foot, and twenty-eight troops of horse and dragoons
into Connaught, upon intelligence of the enemy's gathering
to an head there to engage them, or to strengthen sir Charles
Coote about Galloway ; but upon his marching over, the
enemy presently dispersed.
The four members of parliament appointed to go out of
town to meet the general went this day to Ailesbury.
11. Letters that a party of the parliament's forces marched
forty miles a day in pursuit of the enemy, and at Lancaster
fell upon some of them, routed them, killed about twenty,
and took two hundred prisoners :
That two hundred more of them were taken about Shifnal
in Shropshire, the earl of Derby, the earl of Lauderdale, and
divers others of quality :
That major-general Harrison had taken two thousand of
the Scots in the pursuit, and left but one thousand of them
in a body : that the countries rose upon them ; that a party
of the parliament's about Wanington fell unadvisedly on
their rear, and lost some men.
Complaint that the country are much burdened with the
prisoners, there being no allowance for them ; that five of them
were put to death in Cheshire, and five more appointed to be
executed the next dav:
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 351
That at the taking of Dundee in Scotland were slain be- Dundee,
tween seven and eight hundred Scots, and taken fifty sail of
ships, forty great guns, and provisions, and that with the
plunder of the town the soldiers were grown rich and gallant,
a private soldier hardly to be known from an officer.
That the lieutenant-general sent a summons to Montrose
twenty miles north from Dundee.
The four members went from Ailesbury on the way the
general was to come, and met him, and delivered their mes-
sage to him from the parliament.
The general received them with all kindness and respect,
and after salutations and ceremonies passed he rode with
them cross the fields, where Mr.Winwood's hawks met us
and the general, and many officers went a little out of the
way a hawking, and came that night to Ailesbury.
There we had much discourse (and my lord-chief-justice
St. John more than all the rest) with the general, and we
supped together.
The general gave to each of us that were sent to him a
horse and two Scots prisoners, for a present and token of
his thankful reception of the parliament's respect to him,
in sending us to meet and congratulate him.
The horse he gave me was a very handsome gallant young
nag of sir John Fenwick's breed. One of the Scots pri-
soners he gave me seemed to be a gentleman of good quality,
and he was of very good parts ; I freely gave him his liberty
and the other likewise, and gave them their passes to go to
their own homes in Scotland.
12. Letters that at the storming of Dundee divers of the Dundee,
parliament's horsemen went on foot with sword and pistol to
assist the footmen, and got into the town as soon as the
other, and not above ten men killed on the parliament's part,
and eight hundred of the enemy :
That it was the richest town of the bigness in England or
Scotland ; that some of the English soldiers got in 'the storm
5 co/. apiece.
That the inhabitants of St. Andrew's sent to lieutenant-
general Monk, that they would submit to his summons, and
deliver up their arms and ammunition ; which was accepted ;
but because they refused former offers, the lieutenant-general
fined them 500^. to the soldiery.
352 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Cromwell. Cromwell came to London in great solemnity and triumph,
r accompanied with the four commissioners of parliament,
V many chief officers of the army, and others of quality.
There met him in the fields the speaker of parliament,
the lord president, and many members of parliament and
of the council of state, the lord mayor, sheriffs, and alder-
men of London, the militia, and many thousand others of
quality.
There was a great guard of soldiers, horse and foot, and
multitudes of people in the fields and in the streets ; he was
entertained all the way as he passed to his house with volleys
of great and small shot, and loud acclamations and shouts of
the people.
He carried himself with great affability and seeming hu-
mility, and in all his discourses about the business of Wor-
cester would seldom mention any thing of himself, but of the
gallantry of the officers and soldiers, and gave (as was due)
all the glory of the action unto God.
13. A list sent up to the parliament of many officers taken
in pursuit of the Scots near Manchester :
That colonel Gerrard, who fell upon the rear of the Scots
party in Cheshire, was by them taken prisoner, and carried
four or five miles ; when coming to a pass, where they saw
clubmen ready to oppose them, two majors, three captains,
and twelve soldiers, desired the colonel that they might be
his prisoners, to avoid the clubmen ; which he did, and
brought them prisoners to Chester :
That the king was escaped, but the earl of Montgomery,
and about eighty more, divers of them men of quality, were
brought prisoners to Halifax :
That colonel Lilburn's regiment took divers officers of
quality and two hundred soldiers, and sent them prisoners
to York :
That the Yorkshire forces took lieutenant-general Lesley,
major-general Middleton, many officers, gentlemen, and sol-
diers :
That duke Hamilton was dead :
Scots. That the Scots prisoners were conducted through the city,
to the new artillery-ground in Tuttle-fields.
15. Letters that a party under colonel Okey took several
houses in the Highlands by storm; that the Scots threatened
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 353
to hang all between sixteen and sixty that would not join
with them, and executed some :
That eighty women were killed at the storming of Dundee,
one hundred ships prize in the harbour :
That about one thousand Scots were brought prisoners by
the country joining with the parliament's forces in Lanca-
shire, and that of two thousand horse of the enemy that fled
from Worcester few or none escaped.
16. Cromwell sat in the house, and the speaker made a Cromwell,
speech to him, and gave him the thanks of the house for his
great services ; lieutenant-general Fleetwood, and other offi-
cers of the army, had also the thanks of the house : Cromwell
and most of the members of parliament, and divers com- 510
manders of the army, were feasted by the lord mayor in
London.
The parliament resumed the debate touching a new re-
presentative.
Debate of an act of oblivion and general pardon, with some
expedients for satisfaction of soldiery and the ease of the
people.
Order for a fast-day in the house, to seek God for counsel Fast-day.
and assistance for improvement of his great mercies, and for
doing things most to his glory and the good of the common-
wealth.
Report to the house from the committee of the army of all
the forces in England and Ireland, and the monthly charge
of them.
A committee appointed to receive the agent from the com-
monwealth of Genoa.
Letters that the moss-troopers killed four of the parlia-
ment's soldiers and two passengers, and endangered the
packet ; and that the forces in the north were on the borders
to meet with the flying Scots:
That the commissioners of the militia in Worcestershire
were disbanding the militia forces, demolishing the works,
and securing the persons and estates of such as adhered to
the king.
17. The Scots prisoners came to London, and among them,
who were not discovered before, were the lord Grandison,
colonel Blague, and others of quality : the parliament or-
WHITELOCK, VOL. III. A a
354 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
dered the trials of the earls of Cleveland, Lauderdale, Derby,
mayor and sheriffs of Worcester, and others.
Scots. 18. Letters that Aberdeen was quitted by the Scots ; that
divers died of the spotted fever at Leith, colonel Hubbold and
others ; and that lieutenant-general Monk had been danger-
ously sick :
That the gentlemen of Fife submitted to the government of
England.
An account of dismissing militia forces, and of the trouble
to the countries by the Scots prisoners.
19. Letters that upon the suit of general Leven sir Arthur
Haselrigge had given leave for his being prisoner at his son-
in-law's house, Mr. de la Vale, upon his parole, and Mr.
de la Vale gave bonds of 2o,ooo£. for his being a true pri-
soner.
20. Upon the desire of the Guinea merchants, fifteen hun-
dred of the Scots prisoners were granted to them, and sent
on shipboard to be transported to Guinea, to work in the
mines there ; and upon a quarrel among the soldiers in the
barges two or three of them were drowned.
22. Letters that Limerick would gladly accept of the first
offers of the lord deputy ; that they have divisions among
themselves ; that they made a sally with one thousand foot
upon the parliament's forces, who, after an hour's dispute,
killed eighty of the Irish, and wounded many, and had nine
slain, and thirty-five wounded of the parliament's soldiers.
The house kept a private fast in the house.
Act read for a thanksgiving-day ; and another act for a
yearly observation of the third day of September in all the
three kingdoms, with a narrative of the grounds thereof.
The high courts of justice continued for three months by a
new act.
Letters of a prize taken with 20,000 dollars, and rich
lading.
General 24. The funeral of general Popham was accompanied from
Popham. Exeter-house by the speaker and members of parliament, the
lord general and council of state, with great solemnity, to
Westminster.
25. Two of the parliament's soldiers in Scotland sentenced
to ride the wooden horse, for seizing and carrying away a
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 355
chest of goods, buried by a countrymen in the fields ; and
lieutenant-general Monk published a proclamation for the
better prevention of disorders and plundering in Dundee.
26. That the enemy in Limerick have made many overtures Ireland,
for another treaty, but it would not be granted; that the priests
and friars among them bind them by new oaths, but they
dare not trust one another ; that the lord deputy is before
Clare-castle.
27. Letters of the Jersey pirates doing mischief upon the
western coast.
The parliament ordered a bill to be brought in for setting New repre-
a time for the ending of this parliament, and for constituting sel
a new representative.
29. The narrative of the mercies and victories obtained by
the parliament's forces in Scotland and England.
The lord mayor and sheriffs of London were presented at
the exchequer.
30. Letters that colonel Reynolds had taken in Bellebeg- Hewson.
castle in Ireland, and dispersed Dungan's forces ; that whilst
colonel Hewson was abroad, the enemy took in two or three
small garrisons of the parliament's near Dublin, but upon
Hewson' s return they quitted them.
An act passed for providing maintenance for maimed sol-
diers, and widows of soldiers.
Order for a bill for confirmation of the sale of bishops'
lands, and the lands of deans and chapters, &c.
October 1651.
1 . Several new acts of parliament read and debated in the
house.
2. Letters of some discontent in colonel Okey and hisokey
party, for that the taking of general Leven, and those with
him, was misrepresented to the parliament and general ; and
that right was not therein done to others as well as to
colonel Alured and his party. C. Alured.
An account from Hull of recruits sent for Scotland.
3. Letters, that in Scotland they report the king to have Scotland.
entered London in triumph, and to be shortly crowned ; and
that Middleton was upon the borders with an army of eight
thousand ; that the ministers gave thanks in their pulpits for
the great victory obtained by their forces in England.
That they were confident that the lord general went not
A a2
356 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
about to conquer kingdoms, to attain titles or territories, to
propagate his praise or promotion ; but the public peace, the
prosperity of the people, and the praise of God more than the
praise of men.
That the soldiers seized a man of war in the harbour of
Aberdeen.
That the marquis of Huntley, with six hundred horse and
one thousand foot, was marched into the Highlands, and that
Balcarris had some forces.
4. Letters of four soldiers in Scotland sentenced for rob-
bing a countryman of 7^., to be led to the gallows with ropes
about their necks, and there to have thirty stripes, and to be
kept in prison with bread and water till they had restored
fourfold to the countryman, and asked him forgiveness on
their knees.
That Evandale-castle was surrendered upon conditions, and
that divers gentlemen returned to their habitations about
511 Leith, and engaged to live quietly, and submit to the parlia-
ment of England.
Earl of Q Letters that the earl of Derby was tried at a court-mar-
tial at Chester, at which were twenty officers, captains ; and
above that degree, five colonels, major-general Mitton, and
colonel Mackworth the president :
That the earl confessed the plot for a general rising of the
presbyterians in Lancashire, to join with the king; but it
was disappointed by the apprehending of Mr. Birkeuhead :
That sir Thomas Tiddesly, major Ashurst, and major-general
Massey, were principal actors in that conspiracy.
He confessed the matters of treason charged against him,
and submitted to the mercy of the parliament. And for plea,
T. He alleged he had quarter given him, and therefore was
not to be tried by a court-martial for life ; but this was over-
ruled by the court.
2. He pleaded ignorance of the acts of treason set forth by
the parliament, which plea was also overruled ; and the court
sentenced him to be beheaded for his treasons at Bolton,
where he had killed a man in cold blood.
The earl seemed very desirous of life, and petitioned the
lord general upon the point of his having quarter, but had no
relief from him.
The court sentenced sir Thomas Feverston to be beheaded
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 357
for the same treasons; and captain Benbow to be shot to
death.
The parliament ordered Dr. Drake, and several ministers Conspi-
and others, to be tried by the high court of justice, for being™
conspirators with Mr. Love.
Letters that the lord Argyle was fortifying his house and Scotland,
other places in Scotland ; and that the lords and gentlemen
thereabouts came flocking home, and were willing to close
with England :
That the remonstrants kirk party damned all that was
done by the other kirk party, who were for the king :
That the marquis of Huntley was much disappointed by
the country's refusing to come in to him ; and that now they
begin to fear that their army in England is defeated.
7. The parliament ordered three regiments of horse and
five regiments of foot and thirty single companies to be dis-
banded, for the ease of the commonwealth, and several gar-
risons to be slighted.
The committee for regulating the law ordered to sit de die
in diem.
An act passed for the increase of shipping, and encourage-
ment of the navigation of this nation.
8. Letters that captain Young, who commanded the Presi- Countess of
dent frigate, coming to the Isle of Man, summoned it for the
parliament ; but the countess of Derby being there, returned
answer, that she was to keep it by her lord's command, and
without his order she would not deliver it up, being in duty
bound to obey her lord's commands.
9. Orders of parliament for disbanding several regiments
and companies, and some to be sent for Ireland, and the
council of state to issue warrants for money for those dis-
banded, and for pay of the garrisons that are to be dismantled.
The bill committed for setting a time for the ending of this
parliament, and for calling a new one.
10. Letters of difference between the marquis of Huntley
and Argyle.
That the pickeeroons are busy upon the west of England,
and that one of prince Rupert's fleet that ran from him was
come into Wey mouth harbour.
Letters of a thousand Scots prisoners shipped out of
358
MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
Earl of
Derby.
Bill for a
new parlia^
ment.
Conspi-
rators.
London.
Scots.
Shropshire, and of colonel Cobbett's regiment gone foi
Scotland.
Colonel Vaughan, Dr. Drake, and captain Massey, were
tried by the high court of justice, for being in the conspiracy
with Mr. Love, and they submitted to the mercy of the par-
liament.
13. Letters that the earl of Derby attempted to escape,
and was let down by a rope from the leads of his chamber,
but some, hearing a noise, made after him ; and that he was
retaken upon Dee bank.
He wrote a handsome passionate letter to his lady, to com-
fort her, and advised her, as then matters stood, to surrender
the Isle of Man upon good conditions.
Of divers castles in Scotland surrendered to the parlia-
ment of England, and that their new levies go on there very
slowly.
14. The parliament sat in a grand committee about the
bill for putting a period to this parliament, and appointing
a new one, and ordered to sit every day (except Wednesdays)
for fourteen days about this bill.
Order for the forces reduced out of the garrisons to be put
into regiments, and to march for Scotland and Ireland, and
the standing army to be put into garrisons.
15. Several petitions from Mr. Jenkins, Mr. Case, and others
who were in the conspiracy with Mr. Love, by way of hum-
ble acknowledgment and submission.
The parliament pardoned them all, and ordered the com-
missioners of the great seal to pass their pardons.
16. The lord mayor, aldermen, and common-council of
London kept a special thanksgiving- day for God's mercies to
the commonwealth, and feasted at Guildhall.
Letters that divers Scots ministers were permitted to meet
at Edinburgh to keep a day of humiliation, as they pretended,
for their too much compliance with the king.
That the northern Scots were got together eighteen hun-
dred, but divided among themselves.
From Ireland, that colonel Zanchey took thirty tories pri-
soners, and redeemed many English prisoners, and another
party took sixty more of the tories.
That the Irish stormed and took Ross, but quitted it upon
IN THE YEAR MDCLI. 359
approach of the parliament's forces ; that they lost twenty
men, and killed fifteen of the parliament's.
17. Letters that colonel Okey and three other regiments
quartering in the country about Montrose, the gentlemen,
finding that all their provisions would be eaten up, petitioned
them to remove, and engaged to come in themselves, and to
bring in the enemy thereabouts, to the parliament of England ;
Whereupon the forces removed, and a cornet of colonel Moss-
Okey coming to his regiment with a small party was set
upon by many moss-troopers, who gave seven of them quar-
ter, yet afterwards killed them in cold blood, and only the
cornet and four more escaped.
That colonel Heane was shipping with his men at Wey-
mouth for the design of Jersey.
18. Letters that captain Benboe was shot to death at
Shrewsbury, according to the sentence of the court-martial,
and that the earl of Derby was beheaded at Bolton the same Earl of
Derby.
day.
That captain Duckinfield with his men were shipped for 5 12
the Isle of Man.
20. Letters of the particulars of the earl of Derby's death, Earl of
who carried himself with stoutness and Christian-like temper. Derby-
21. Letters came from Holland that the Scots king was King land-
landed there with the duke of Bucks and the lord Wilmot, jj^ HoL
and others in seamen's clothes; and that upon the news
thereof the princess royal and many with her went to Scheve-
ling, where they met the king.
That an English man of war meeting with some Dutch English
fishermen, demanded of them the tenth herring, as an ac-
knowledgment of the sovereignty of England in those seas ;
but the Dutch denying it, they fell from words to blows, and
the Dutch shooting first at the English, the English man of
war sunk one of their ships, and all their men were lost.
Others relate that the quarrel began upon the English man
of war requiring the Dutchmen to strike sail to him, accord-
ing to the usage; and they refusing it, he sunk one of them.
Of the dispersing of Dungan's forces by colonel Reynolds, Ireland.
and his recovery of some castles, and joining with colonel
Zanchey.
That Fitz-Patrick stormed Castle-Jorne, and took thirty
of the parliament's soldiers, and engaged colonel Hewson's
360 MEMORIALS OF THE ENGLISH AFFAIRS
troop, took twenty-five, and killed twenty-seven of them ;
that the Irish are numerous and desperate ; that two congre-
gational churches were gathered in Dublin.
22. Debate upon the bills for a new representative, and on
a bill for propagation of the gospel ; and ordered that they be
considered de die in diem till ended.
Letters of forces shipped from Chester against the Isle of
Man being three thousand men, and between thirty and
forty sail.
Mr. John Sayer condemned by a court-martial at Chester to
be hanged for treason, but upon his penitence was reprieved.
That colonel Yenables rose from the siege of Dundalke in
Cavan :
That the Irish attempted Bellinger, but were beaten off
with the loss of forty of their men, and divers of their officers
and soldiers wounded.
23. Letters of some endeavours for new levies in Scotland.
24. The thanksgiving-day observed solemnly.
Letters that the Scots are ready to embrace what the par-
liament of England shall require of them :
That divers ministers confer at Edinburgh, and are per-
mitted :
That Argyle and Huntley are raising forces, yet have none
in a body but a few straggling Highlanders :
Scotch dis- That an English soldier for lying with a Scots woman, was,
ciplme. ky sentence of the court-martial, together with the woman,
whipped through Edinburgh ; and a Scotch lass, that held the
candle to them in the action, lighted them all the way, and
was ducked with them :
That Augustine the moss-trooper took an English sutler
and 6ol. in money at Montrose :
That a trooper was executed for a robbery :
That Argyle sent a trumpet to Stirling to desire a treaty,
and that the Scots generally desire to be governed by the
English :
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